The early Cold War saw the division of Europe and Asia between capitalist Western nations allied with the US and communist Eastern nations allied with the Soviet Union. This division hardened after WWII, as the USSR established satellite states across Eastern Europe separated from the West by an "Iron Curtain." The two sides pursued opposing economic and political ideologies in a global competition for power and influence that included proxy wars, arms buildups, and space races during the late 1940s-1980s until reforms under Gorbachev led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War.

1. THE EARLY COLD WAR

2. End of World War II
 End of World War II
 Visions of a Postwar World
 Germany?
 Eastern Europe?
 Satellite States
 “Iron Curtain”
 East Asia?
 Japan
 Korea
 United Nations

3. Post-World War II Europe
“Iron
Curtain”

4. Competing Ideologies
 Command economy
 Dictatorship
 Warsaw Pact
 Comintern
 Gain global
influence
 Acquire natural
resources
 Capitalism (free
market)
 Democracy
 NATO
 Containment
 Gain global influence
 Acquire natural
resources
USSR& EASTERN EUROPE U.S. & WESTERN EUROPE

5. Expansion of the Cold War
 Arms Race
 Brinkmanship
 Space Race
 Sputnik I (1957)
 Global Containment
 Eisenhower Doctrine
 Decolonization
 Proxy Wars
 Latin America
 Africa

6. The Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin.
The wall fell in 1989.

7. Cold War as a Global “War”

8. East Asia
 Chinese Revolution
1949
 Mao Zedong
 People’s Republic of
China
 U.S. refuses to
acknowledge Communist
China
 Korean War (1950-
1953)
 Korea remains divided
near the 38th
parallel
 Japan

9. Southeast Asia
 Vietnam War
 Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh defeats
France in 1954
 Fearing spread of Communism the
U.S. supports South Vietnam
 North Vietnam, with help from Viet
Cong, defeats U.S. and unifies
Vietnam in 1975
 Cambodia
 Khmer Rouge
 Indonesia


10. Khmer Rouge

11. South Asia
 India
 Supporter of Non-Alignment
movement
 Received aid from USSR
 Pakistan
 Received millions of dollars in
economic & military aid due to its
location
 Afghanistan
 Soviets invade 1975
 Opposed by the mujahedeen

12. Middle East
 Turkey
 Truman Doctrine
 Iran
 Oil industry dominated by the
West
 Mosaddegh attempted to
nationalize oil industry in 1951
 CIA overthrew Mosaddegh
 Shah Reza Pahlavi made absolute
ruler
 Egypt

13. Africa
 The Congo
 Gained independence in 1960
 Patrice Lumumba is first prime minister
 Belgium reoccupied parts of the
Congo a week after independence
 Lumumba failed to get support from
U.S.
 Lumumba went to Soviet Union for
support
 C.I.A. helped stage a coup d'état
 Mobutu Sese Seko
 Civil War breaks out in Congo

14. Latin America
 U.S. attempted to overthrow
countries that attempted to go
Communist
 Cuba
 Cuban Revolution (1959)
 Bay of Pigs
 Cuban Missile Crisis
 Nicaragua
 Resisted Sandinistas by supporting
capitalist Contras
 Guatemala
 C.I.A. removed Jacobo Arbenz

15. End of the Cold War

16. End of the Cold War
 Destalinization
 Nikita Khrushchev
 Détente
 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
(SALT)
 First major nuclear arms treaty
signed in 1972
 President Nixon visits China in
1972
 Helsinki Accords (1975)
 No political boundaries should be
changed by military force
 Paved way for dialogue between

17. Mikhail Gorbachev
 Begins series of reforms in
1985
 Glasnost
 Opened government to criticism
 Provokes criticism by minority
nationalities (nationalism)
 Perestroika
 Free-market reforms
 Nuclear arms agreements
with Ronald Reagan
 Russia’s 1st
free election
(1990) First McDonalds opened in
Russia on January 31, 1990