The document discusses different forms of communism and their rejection of liberalism. It contrasts communism with democratic socialism, noting that communism promotes revolutionary rather than gradual change. It then describes different interpretations of communism under leaders like Lenin, Stalin, and Mao. The document also discusses the rise of socialism in Russia in response to poor economic and social conditions, and the establishment of the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxjack60216
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxgalerussel59292
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
3. Contrasting Communists There are different forms of communism. Past communist leaders have governed through their own interpretation of Marx : Marxism-Leninism: Early, revolutionary USSR, under Lenin. Stalinism: Absolute control through fear & oppression. Maoism: China’s interpretation of communism under Emperor Mao.
10. Czar Alexander II (1818-1881) Russia wasn’t able to take full advantage of the Industrial Revolution b/c it lacked ice free water routes to important markets. It also lagged behind other industrial countries because it was mostly made up of subsistence agriculture. Alexander II introduced a series of liberal reforms to help the economy.
14. The Rise of Socialism in Russia Russia’s industrial growth advanced for a short period of time as foreign investors looked for opportunities in Russia. Rapid growth led to the same issues that were seen in industrial Europe… Widening of the income gap, the rich getting richer off the backs of the poor, and the poor quality of life of the working class.
15. The Socialist Democratic Labour Party(SDLP 1898) This was a group of Marxist socialists who wanted revolutionary change for Russia. They were inspired by the writings of Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto.
16. Czar Nicholas II banned the group and many were forced to exile. They did pass along their message through an underground newspaper. Key figures of the group included Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin.
17. Growing Socialist Unrest Nicholas II was seen as not doing enough to end the suffering of the poor. In January of 1905, people gathered at the palace to protest. The Czar’s guards opened fire…
18. Bloody Sunday. This event inspired revolt around the country.
19. The First Stage of Russia’s RevolutionOctober 1905 In October 1905, the St Petersburg Soviet Council was formed. It pushed Nicholas to sign the October Manifesto allowing the formation of political parties as well as giving certain rights to the people. The popularity of socialism grew among Russians.
20. 1917 The Russian Revolution took off in 1917 in the last stages of WWI. Nicholas was assassinated and a provisional government under Kerensky was set up. This was a liberal democratic government that struggled to have real power in Russia. End P1
21. LeninThe Bolshevik Party Vladimir Lenin gained political popularity with the people. He wanted Russia out of WWI and wanted government to focus on meeting the needs of the people.
22. Lenin and Leon Trotsky successfully established a new Marxist style of government which later became known as Leninism.
23. Red Terror An assassination attempt on Lenin resulted in a crack down on political enemies. Many were tortured and executed. Civil war erupted.
24. USSR1922 Order was re-established and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formed. Lenin was the leader.
25. USSR1922: The People’s Republic Land was redistributed to the people. Factories were turned over to the workers. Both men and women were considered equal. The poor and working classes had more power than they had ever known. 1924: Lenin dies of a stroke. Russia would experience a new form of communism under Stalin.
26. Joseph Stalin After Lenin’s death, a struggle for power took place b/w Trotsky and Stalin. Trotsky’s political beliefs were similar to Lenin’s. By 1928, Stalin emerged as the new leader of USSR. Stalin had Trotsky exiled and assassinated.
27. Stalinism Stalin’s interpretation of Marxist ideas included himself as an absolute ruler. His policies usually involved fear and oppression rather than revolution and freedom. He rejected all liberal values. He turned USSR into a dictatorship. Millions would die under his rule.
28. Stalin Policies Created Gulags (Prison camps) for those who opposed him. Secret police used to control the people by terror. Rewriting of history to display a state view of Russian history. Private farms taken by force for collective use.
29. HolodomorPlanned famine to suppress Ukrainian opposition 1932-33 Ukraine experienced a drought. Stalin with held grain supplies in what is now considered to be a planned famine. Somewhere b/w 7 & 10 million starved. The government recognizes Holodomor as an act of genocide. Stalin did this to ruthlessly crush opposition from the state.
41. Social Darwinism Some thought his ideas applied to societies, cultures and races. This is where Social Darwinism comes from. Groups achieve power and affluence over others because they are naturally stronger. Governments who interfere with this are disrupting the natural order of life. Natural inequalities exist among peoples.
42. EugenicsThe improvement of the human species through selective breeding or genocide. Fascists of the time used these ideas to justify their policies of discrimination and violence against undesirable groups in society… (people with illnesses, mental or physical disabilities, etc.) Fascists wanting to strengthen their nation state used the theory “survival of the fittest” to go after other countries. They believed that there was a struggle of survival b/w cultures.
43.
44. Fined $4.5 Billion US to pay for damages in Europe which had to be paid quickly.
45. Charged another $18 Billion with interest after the 1st fine was paid off.Germany never paid it back…
46. The Great Depression Germany was slowly being crushed by all it had lost. It didn’t have the means to take care of those who suffered b/c of WWI. Many people starved. The German government started printed off money in large numbers causing hyperinflation. Their money became worthless. Unemployment went through the roof. Then the world was hit by the Great Depression. Things worsened b/c of protectionism.
47. The Nazis:The National Socialist German Workers Party Economic chaos led to political chaos in Germany. Political parties formed wanting change… including the Nazi Party. Economic & political change was needed but the people did not want revolutionary communism. Those who lost entire life savings were open to ideas that rejected liberalism by the 1920’s.
48. The Rise of Hitler Hitler established himself as a leader among the members of the Nazi Party in the 1920’s. He convinced the members that they needed to seize power by force. He was arrested and jailed after a radical stunt he pulled in a beer hall. He stood on a table and called for the people to rise against the existing government. While in jail he wrote, “Mein Kampf”, which outlined his fascist vision for a new Germany.
49. The Nazi Party gained in popularity as Hitler promised a return to greatness. He found scapegoats to blame Germany’s failures and used his charisma to win over the public. Hitler did what he could to make people fearful of rival political parties through lies and propaganda. He focused hatred and blame against minorities. He used fear tactics at every opportunity to gain popularity and support.
50. Hitler in Power It wasn’t long before Hitler was elected as chancellor. A short time after that, the Nazis had control of parliament. Hitler passed the Enabling Act which basically wiped out all opposition parties in Germany. Germany became a dictatorship, and Hitler was in absolute control.
56. Jews were Hitler’s main target of blame. He detailed his hatred of Jews in Mein Kampf and ruthlessly persecuted them throughout WWII.
57. Nuremberg Laws Hitler passed these laws in 1935 which focus on the persecution of the Jews as well as the preservation of the “Master Race”, Aryan Germans. "I am the greatest pig in town - I have affairs with Jews only." This scene, organized for the press in Hamburg in 1935, appeared in all German newspapers. The man's sign says: "I only take German girls to my room." The Nuremberg laws of 1935 criminalized sexual relations between Jews and "Aryans."
58. Night of the Broken Glass A German solder was assassinated by a 17 yr old Jewish boy during Germany’s occupation of Paris, France. This action sparked riots throughout Germany.
59. Germans went on a killing rampage chasing after Jews and Jewish supporters. Many were beaten and killed. 30,000 were sent to concentration camps… this became known as the Holocaust. Over 6 million Jews would be victimized before the end on WWII.
60. Nazism rejected the political beliefs of liberalism by creating a dictatorship that limited people’s freedoms. Individuals were not valued unless they were serving the state. Fin
