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CT scanner
This document summarizes the history and technology of computed tomography (CT) scans. It discusses how CT scans were invented in the 1970s and have since advanced through 5 generations of technology. The key components of a modern CT scanner are described, including the gantry, data acquisition system, computer, and storage. CT scanning is highlighted as a valuable medical imaging tool that can create detailed cross-sectional images of multiple types of tissues simultaneously, aiding in disease diagnosis and treatment planning.
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CT scanner
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- 3. Room With CTScanner
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- 5. Introduction • Tomography isfrom the Greek word "tomos" meaning "slice" and “graph” meaning "describing". • . • CT was invented in 1972 by British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield of EMI Laboratories. • The first clinical CT scanners were installed between 1974 and 1976.
- 6. • It combinesthe use of a digital computer together with a rotating x-ray device to create detailed cross sectional images or "slices" of the different organs and body parts such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, etc. • CT Scan has the unique ability to image a combination of soft tissue, bone, and blood vessels. • For example, conventional x-ray imaging of the head can only show the dense bone structures of the skull .
- 7. Diagram showing relationship ofx-ray tube, patient, detector, and image reconstruction computer and display monitor
- 8. Generations Of CTScanner • First Generation • Second Generation • Third Generation • Fourth Generation • Fifth Generation
- 9. • In thefirst CT scanner design, a single X-ray source and a single X-ray detector cell collect all the data for a single slice . • The x–ray head and detector were rotated at arc of 180°.
- 10. • A fan–shapedx–ray beam was projected onto a linear array of approximately 30 detectors. • The x–ray head and detectors could rotate 180° around the patient. • The time required for a scan was reduced to less than 90 seconds.
- 11. • A widerfan–shaped x–ray beam and a curved array of 250–750 detectors. • Scan times reduced to less than 12 seconds. • The single detector array made third generation scanners generate ring artifacts.
- 12. • A singleprojection fan–shaped x–ray beam and 600–2000 stationary detectors. • The x–ray head rotates more than 360 degrees around the patient. • The detectors are fixed in a circular ring around the patient and x– ray head. Alignment of the x–ray beam to each detector is essential.
- 13. • Fifth-generation scannersare unique in that the x-ray source becomes an integral part of the system design. • The detector array remains stationary, while a high-energy electron beams is electronically swept along a semicircular tungsten strip anode. • This machine is a research prototype and is not available commercially. • Volume CT images can be produced in as little as 10 ms.
- 14. PARTS OF CT: •Gantry • DAS • Computer • Storage
- 15. Gantry • The Gantryincludes the: – The X-ray tube – The Detector Array – The High-Voltage generator – The patient Support Couch
- 16. DAS (data acquizitionsystem) • DETECTORS • CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERTERS • PRE AMPLIFIER • INTEGRATOR • ADC • To computer world
- 17. • COMPUTER: It involveprocessing • STORAGE: It can be film, CD, Hard Disk, etc.
- 18. • CT imagingis used for studying the chest, abdomen and pelvis because it provides detailed, cross-sectional views of all types of tissue. • CT imaging detect many different cancers, including lung, liver and pancreatic cancer and the tumors of brain and head. • Since the image allows a physician to confirm the presence of a tumor and measure its size, precise location and the extent of the tumor's involvement with other nearby tissue.
- 19. • CT scanningis painless, noninvasive and accurate. • A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone, soft tissue and blood vessels all at the same time. • Unlike conventional x-rays, CT scanning provides very detailed images of many types of tissue as well as the lungs, bones, and blood vessels.
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