This document summarizes the history and technology of computed tomography (CT) scans. It discusses how CT scans were invented in the 1970s and have since advanced through 5 generations of technology. The key components of a modern CT scanner are described, including the gantry, data acquisition system, computer, and storage. CT scanning is highlighted as a valuable medical imaging tool that can create detailed cross-sectional images of multiple types of tissues simultaneously, aiding in disease diagnosis and treatment planning.

2. Dedicated to:
From:

3. Room With CT Scanner

4. Console Room

5. Introduction
• Tomography is from the Greek word "tomos"
meaning "slice" and “graph” meaning "describing".
• .
• CT was invented in 1972 by British engineer
Godfrey Hounsfield of EMI Laboratories.
• The first clinical CT scanners were installed
between 1974 and 1976.

6. • It combines the use of a digital computer together with a
rotating x-ray device to create detailed cross sectional
images or "slices" of the different organs and body parts
such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, etc.
• CT Scan has the unique ability to image a combination of
soft tissue, bone, and blood vessels.
• For example, conventional x-ray imaging of the head can
only show the dense bone structures of the skull .

7. Diagram showing
relationship of x-ray tube,
patient, detector, and
image reconstruction
computer and display
monitor

8. Generations Of CT Scanner
• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation

9. • In the first CT scanner design, a single X-ray source and
a single X-ray detector cell collect all the data for a single
slice .
• The x–ray head and detector were rotated at arc of 180°.

10. • A fan–shaped x–ray beam was projected onto a linear array of
approximately 30 detectors.
• The x–ray head and detectors could rotate 180° around the patient.
• The time required for a scan was reduced to less than 90 seconds.

11. • A wider fan–shaped x–ray beam and a curved array of 250–750 detectors.
• Scan times reduced to less than 12 seconds.
• The single detector array made third generation scanners generate ring
artifacts.

12. • A single projection fan–shaped x–ray beam and 600–2000
stationary detectors.
• The x–ray head rotates more than 360 degrees around the patient.
• The detectors are fixed in a circular ring around the patient and x–
ray head. Alignment of the x–ray beam to each detector is essential.

13. • Fifth-generation scanners are unique in that the x-ray source
becomes an integral part of the system design.
• The detector array remains stationary, while a high-energy electron
beams is electronically swept along a semicircular tungsten strip
anode.
• This machine is a research prototype and is not available
commercially.
• Volume CT images can be produced in as little as 10 ms.

14. PARTS OF CT:
• Gantry
• DAS
• Computer
• Storage

15. Gantry
• The Gantry includes the:
– The X-ray tube
– The Detector Array
– The High-Voltage generator
– The patient Support Couch

16. DAS (data acquizition system)
• DETECTORS
• CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERTERS
• PRE AMPLIFIER
• INTEGRATOR
• ADC
• To computer world

17. • COMPUTER:
It involve processing
• STORAGE:
It can be film, CD, Hard Disk, etc.

18. • CT imaging is used for studying the chest, abdomen and pelvis
because it provides detailed, cross-sectional views of all types of
tissue.
• CT imaging detect many different cancers, including lung, liver and
pancreatic cancer and the tumors of brain and head.
• Since the image allows a physician to confirm the presence of a
tumor and measure its size, precise location and the extent of the
tumor's involvement with other nearby tissue.

19. • CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate.
• A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone, soft
tissue and blood vessels all at the same time.
• Unlike conventional x-rays, CT scanning provides very
detailed images of many types of tissue as well as the
lungs, bones, and blood vessels.

21. Manufacturer: Toshiba
Model: Aquilion

22. Thank you