This document discusses different types of anesthesia. It describes local anesthesia as affecting a small area while the patient remains conscious. Regional anesthesia affects a larger area like a limb but the patient stays conscious. General anesthesia puts the patient into a medical coma to perform major surgery. It also discusses how anesthesia works, including using drugs to block nerve signals and relax muscles. Modern ventilators help regulate patient breathing during sedation. The document outlines the four stages of anesthesia from initial drug administration to loss of consciousness or circulation.

2. Dedicated to:
From:

3.  Anesthesia is a Greek word means insensitive.
 Anesthesia is a use of medicine to prevent the
feeling of pain or other sensation during
surgery or other procedure that might be
painful.

4.  It is also calledArtificial sleep.
 The person who implement this is called
ANESTHESIS.

5.  There are three different types of anesthesia
that includes:
 Local
 Regional
 General

6. Local anesthesia:
 This type of anesthesia is “localized” to one small part of the
body such as a tooth or finger.
 The patient remains conscious but has a reduced level of
pain and sensation in the targeted area.

7. Regional anesthesia:
 Regional anesthesia is a nerve block that affects a larger part of the
body such as a limb or the lower half of the body
 As with regional anesthesia, the patient remains conscious but feels
little to no sensation in the part of the body where nerve signals are
blocked.

8. General anesthesia:
 General anesthetic is given to send patients into a medical coma for the
purposes of performing major surgery and other medical treatments.
 In General anesthesia whole body is affected.

9.  During anesthesia, muscles must be relaxed so for
this purpose we use ventilator with anesthetic
machine.
 Ventilators keep patients breathing during sedation
and help maintain good blood composition.
 Modern ventilators have multiple settings to help
regulate the breathing patterns of different types and
ages of patients.

12.  Drug used is in the form of:
 Gas (fast).
 Tablet (slow)
 Injection (fast)
 Main target of drug is brain.
 The organs remain alive.

13.  There are four stages of anesthesia.
1st stage:
Drug administration to loss of conciousness.
It means nerve supply is terminated.
2nd stage:
From loss of consciousness to beginning of surgical
anesthesia.
3rd stage:
From end of stage 2, untill termination of spontaneous
respiration.
4th stage:
Extend from respiration and termination to failure of
circulation(death).

14.  Most prominent gas used is “NITROUS
OXIDE”.
 Liquid used are:
 Halothane.
 Isoflourane.
 Saboflourane.
 Enflourane.
 Desflourane.

16. CO2 absorber:
 It is present, because there may be some Co2
mixture, and hence to remove it.
 After 1 loop patients own Co2 has to be removed.
E-ventilation:
 Expiration ventilation.
 Its output is the input to the patient.
A-Ventilation:
 Inspirational ventilation.
 The expiration of the patient is the input to A-vent.

17.  O2 sensor:
This sensor is for the measurement of oxygen that
has been delivered.
 The meters are placed on the outside of a machine.
 It is important to check that what is being exhaled by the
patient.
 Pressure and voltmeter measure the value of CO2, which will
show that how much oxygen is utilized by the patient.

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