Crossandra - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cut Chrysanthemum- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Jasmine- introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Nerium and Celosia - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning –role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cut Chrysanthemum- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Jasmine- introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Nerium and Celosia - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning –role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
Scented rose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Year round production of chrysanthemumnirmala puli
chrysanthemum is the flower which is gaining lot of importance in India. so year round cultivation of this flower crop will fetch a good income for farmers.
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Crossandra is an important commercial
flower, mainly grown in India, tropical Africa
and Madagascar. The flowers are commonly
used for hair adornment. Though not fragrant,
flowers are very popular because of its
attractive bright colour, light weight and good
keeping quality. These are used for making
garland, either alone or in combination with jasmine flowers. Using Crossandra flowers in
combination with jasmine is becoming increasingly popular in India, particularly in southern
parts, because the jasmine flowers provide colour contrast and the desired fragrance.
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
Scented rose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Year round production of chrysanthemumnirmala puli
chrysanthemum is the flower which is gaining lot of importance in India. so year round cultivation of this flower crop will fetch a good income for farmers.
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Crossandra is an important commercial
flower, mainly grown in India, tropical Africa
and Madagascar. The flowers are commonly
used for hair adornment. Though not fragrant,
flowers are very popular because of its
attractive bright colour, light weight and good
keeping quality. These are used for making
garland, either alone or in combination with jasmine flowers. Using Crossandra flowers in
combination with jasmine is becoming increasingly popular in India, particularly in southern
parts, because the jasmine flowers provide colour contrast and the desired fragrance.
Presentation on the production technology and cultivation practices of Periwinkle in India. Periwinkle is gaining more importance due to cancer treatment drugs extracted from its roots, stems and leaves.
the vegetables are grown more than two years. These are very rich in minerals and nutrient.THESE NOT GROWN IN LARGE QUANTITIES.some of the perrenial vegetable are drumstick,ivygourd,pointed gourd,artichoke,cassava,taro,chow chow
Hibiscus - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Crossandra.pptx
1. Crossandra - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate
and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation
management –special horticultural practices - role of growth
regulators- harvest index and yield
Lecture No.:7
Dr. M. Kumaresan
Assistant professor
Dept. of Horticulture
Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College
4. Importance
Traditional flower crop of India
Small evergreen shrub
Produce flowers throughout the year
Flowers are light weight, bright colour, good keeping quality
They are mostly used for veni making - hair adornment
Usually in combination with jasmine – colour contrast
Not fragrant as that of jasmine and tuberose
Also used as pot plant
5.
6.
7.
8. ORANGE COLOURED SPECIES
C. undulaeflia or C. infundibuliformis – Scarlet Orange Flower
C. mucronata – Bright Deep Orange
C. fortuna – Light Orange
YELLOW COLOURED SPECIES
C.flava – Yellow Flower
C. pungens - Yellow Flower
C.mahatma – Saffron Yellow Flower
WHITE COLOURED SPECIES
C. guineensis - Pale Lilac Colour Flower
C. sebaculis
C. nilotica - Red/ Pink colour
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. Diane:
• A new and distinct cultivar of Crossandra infundibuliformis to
be known as `Diane`, having larger sized and more broadly
shaped leaves,.
• More robust and compact habit of growth and its flowers color
is a dark, richer shade of salmon orange.
• Petals are more rounded and larger in size than those of the
commonly cultivated variety.
18. Lakshmi Narayana Crossandra Innovation Centre
Innovative farmer-scientist - Mr. T. Vengadapathy Reddiar
-Koodapakkam village – Pondicherry
Developed many new varieties by chemical and irradiation
mutation techniques
19.
20.
21.
22. Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - gamma ray induced mutant
- 1-1.5 times larger and bold flowers,
- more shelf life
- with stand long transportation
- deep red flowers
- long shelf life and flower year round
- mutant of delhi crossandra
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Arka Kanaka
1. Local Yellow X Delhi
Crossandra
2. Bigger size flowers
3. 67% higher than the Local
cultivar
4. Novel colour of Orange
5. The weight /100 flowers
was11.9 g compared to its
parents 5.05 and 6.45 g
Arka Ambara
1. Local X Lakshmi
2. Bigger size flowers
3. 69% higher than the local
cultivar
4. The weight/l00 flowers was
13.01 g compared to its parents
6.24 and 6.47g
5. However inflorescence length,
hairy structures on
inflorescence resembles that of
Lakshmi
29. Soil and climate
• Fertile, humus rich and well drained sandy or loamy and red
soil
• pH of 6 - 7.5
• Soils free from nematodes
• The crop performs well under tropical conditions
experiencing warm days (30 -35C) and with night
temperatures not less than 20C
30. Propagation
Seeds
• Seed rate is 5 kg / ha
• Fresh seeds are sown during July - October
• 60 day old seedlings are transplanted in the main field
• Delhi crossandra is propagated through rooted cuttings since
they do not produce seeds
• Terminal cuttings 0f 10 to 15 cm length are prepared during
rainy season and dipped in 1000 ppm IBA for better rooting
31. Propagation
Vegetative propagation
1. Cuttings
Both soft wood and semi-hard wood cuttings are used for
raising planting material. These are taken in February-march
or mid July-august. Cuttings take about 4-6 weeks to form
roots
2. Micro propagation
32. • Dip the roots of seedlings in Carbendazim (1 g/l of water) and
plant on one side of the ridge at 30 cm spacing.
• For seed production the spacing may be 60 x 60 cm.
• For Delhi Crossandra a spacing of 60 x 40 cm is to be
followed.
Season of planting:
July - September and October - November are best
planting seasons
33. Manuring and fertilization:
• Apply FYM 25 t/ha as basal and NPK at 75, 50 and 125 kg/ha as
top dressing 3 MAP
• Repeat NPK application at the same dose at half yearly intervals for
two more years and instead, of 75kg N apply N @ 60 kg/ha +
Azospirillum 2 kg/ha
Irrigation:
Life irrigation is done immediately
after planting and later at weekly
intervals
34. Biofertilizers:
• Soil application of 2 kg each of Azospirillum and
Phosphobacteria per ha at the time of planting.
• It is to be mixed with 100kg of FYM and applied.
Growth regulators:
• Spray Ascorbic acid 1000 ppm (1 g/lit of water) before
flowering.
35. Weed Management :
• Hand weeding and after cultivation.
• Spray Diuron (pre-emergence)@ 2.5 kg a.i/ha for controlling the
weeds.
Pinching:
• Removal of terminal growing portions of stem, i.e., pinching is
practiced when young to encourage growth and axillary branches.
• Maturity of flower bud is delayed by this practice
Pruning:
• Pruning of crossandra plant improve flower quality and plant vigour
• Light pruning is followed in late winter i.e., after flowering
36. Flowering
• Crossandra comes to flowering 2-3 months after planting and
continues to bear flowers throughout the year with a drop in
production during the rainy season.
• The flowers open in sequence from the base of the spike.
• Two flowers which are diagonally opposite in the spike, open
at the same time.
• It takes about two days for complete opening of the flower.
37. Plant protection
Nematode :
• Avoid planting Crossandra in nematode infested fields.
• To control nematodes, apply Phorate or Carbofuran 3 G at 1
kg a.i./ha
38. Wilt:
• Drench the soil around the plants with Methoxyethyl mercury
chloride (Emisan) at 2 g/lit or Carbendazim 0.5 ml/lit.
Crop duration:
• It extends up to 3 years including ratoon crop in the third year.
39. Picking/Harvesting:
• Picking of flowers has to be done on alternate days.
• Depending on the length of spike, it takes nearly 15-25 days
to complete flowering on a spike.
• The fully opened flowers remain fresh on the plant for about
three days but when picked they fade away in 36-48 hours.
40. Yield:
• Varieties: 2000 kg / ha/year
• Delhi Crossandra: 2800 kg/ha/year.
Marketing:
• For local market, loose flowers are packed in wet cloth or
gunny bags and sometimes in basket.
41. Postharvest
• Flowers are picked by pulling corolla out of the calyx at fully opened
stage
• They normally survive for 2 to 3 days
• Keeping quality can be increased by soaking them in 0.5 per cent Boric
acid, 0.001 per cent AgNO3 or 0.1 per cent Al2(SO4)3 for 3 hours
• Flowers are generally packed in cloth or polythene bags
• Packing in 200 gauge polythene bags without ventilation and storing in
cool chamber retains freshness and colour and increases their longevity
