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Introduction to Floriculture
- 2. Floriculture...? Aesthetic branch of horticulture which deals with cultivation of ornamentals, annuals, biennials and perennial plants including potted ones and also their marketing Art of growing, selling, designing and arranging flowers and foliage plants
- 3. Sub-divisions of floriculture Commercial floriculture Arboriculture Landscape gardening Ornamental floriculture or gardening
- 4. Largest flower Arun Titan (Amorphophallus titanium) Smallest flowering plant Wolffia (Wolffia arrhiza)
- 5. Directorate of Floricultural Research - Pune, Maharashtra • Launched on 10th December, 2009 • Initially it in IARI campus • During 2014 February, shifted to College of Agriculture Campus, Shivajinagar Dr. K. V. Prasad
- 6. Division of Ornamental Crops - IIHR – Bangalore – 1968 First AICRP on floriculture - 1971 Division of floriculture and landscaping - IARI -1983
- 7. Floriculture Industry comprises …… Cut flower Loose flowers Cut greens Potted plants Nursery industry Perfume industry Pigment industry Dry flower industry
- 8. Cut flowers Cut flowers grown under protected condition: Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Orchid, Gerbera and Lilium Cut flowers grown under open filed: Gladiolus, Gerbera, Alstroemeria etc., Specialty cut flowers: Lisianthus, Heliconia, Bird of Paradise, Alpinia and Calla Lily Commercial cut flowers: Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Orchid, Gerbera, Lilium, Anthurium and Gladiolus
- 9. Zones Cut Flowers 1. Hosur zone Rose, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Tuberose 2. Hill area zone Nilgiris - Carnation, Lilium, Gypsophilla, Bird of Paradise, Alstroemeria Kodaikanal – Carnation, Statice, Gypsophilla Yercaud – Anthurium, Gerbera 3. Chennai zone Orchids Potential districts of Tamil Nadu for flower production
- 10. Loose flower Traditional flowers or economic flowers or loose flowers Scented Rose, Jasmine, Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose and Crossandra Non Traditional flowers Aster, Dahlia, Nerium, Golden rod, Gomphrena, Celosia etc.,
- 14. Potential districts of Tamil Nadu for flower production Flower Main production areas Jasmine Vellore, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Madurai Marigold Thiruchirapalli, Theni, Dindigul, Madurai Rose Krishnagiri, Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Kanchipuram Chrysanthemum Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem Cut flowers The Nilgiris, Kodaikanal, Yercaud
- 15. Zones Loose Flowers 1. Hosur zone Jasmine, Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose, Gomphrena 2. Hill area zone Chrysanthemum, Marigold 3. Coimbatore zone Jasmine, Scented rose, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, Crossandra, Marigold, Gomphrena, Celosia 4. Madurai zone Jasmine, Scented rose, Tuberose, Crossandra, Marigold, Gomphrena, Nerium 5. Chennai zone Jasmine, Crossandra, Marigold, Tuberose 6. Kanyakumari zone Jasmine, Scented rose 7. Trichy or Tiruchi zone Jasmine, Scented rose, Crossandra, Tuberose Seven floriculture zones of Tamil Nadu
- 16. CUT FOLIAGE Standards for cut foliage- Refers to leaves or part of leaves along with stems, branches with or without decorative fruit or other parts of the plant Usage- Filler, lining and background materials Foliage capital – Apopka, Florida , U.S.A
- 17. Cut Foliage • Used as fillers along with cut flowers in flower arrangements • Eg: Asparagus, Thuja, Eucalyptus etc., Asparagus- first rank cut greens
- 18. Potted plants It’s may be either ornamental foliage or flowering plant Number one pot plant Hedera Number one flowering pot plants kalanchoe
- 19. Perfume industry Rosa damascena Jasminum grandiflorum Rose, jasmine and tuberose are used for extraction of essential oils Bulgaria is the largest producer of perfumery products
- 20. Category World Production (M. Tons) India's Share Essential oils for fragrances 4344.00 4.0% Essential oils for processing 80410.00 21.0% Essential oils for flavours 21670.00 14.0% Fragrance industry is 60% Flavour industry 20% and Pharmaceutical industry 20% Demand:
- 21. Estimated world production of essential oils for FRAGRANCES Essential Oil Quantity in tons Producing Countries 20.00 Egypt, India, China 40.00 Turkey, Bulgaria, India, China 5.00 South Africa, Egypt, India Cananga odorata 100.00 Comoros, Madagascar, Indonesia 200.00 China, Egypt, India 10.00 Moracco, Egypt, Belgium, Italy, France
- 22. Colour pigments • Pharmaceutical, animal feed additives and food colourants • Anthocyanin’s: red, purple and blue colors; water soluble • Flavones: pale yellow colors; water soluble. • Carotenes: yellow, orange and red colors; oil or fat soluble Marigold • Feed additive for poultry to add the yellow colour of egg yolk • Prevent dry eye and night blindness in humans Chrysanthemum • Food products and cosmetics
- 23. Color Pigment Flower Crops Yellow Carotenoids Marigold , Calendula, Rose Orange Carotenoid Lily Anthocyanin & flavones Snapdragon Scarlet Anthocyanin Geranium Anthocyanin & Carotenoids Tulip Red, purple Betalains Bougainvillea Magenta Anthocyanin Camellia and Begonia Violet Anthocyanin Verbena Blue Anthocyanin & co-pigments Poppy Anthocyanin- metal complex Cornflower Pigments: flower colour First blue roses in the world were named “Suntory blue rose Applause”
- 24. Tinting • Tinting of flowers can be done through artificial colours • White Carnation, Orchid, Rose, Chrysanthemum, tuberose etc. are commonly used flower crops for tinting
- 25. Dried flowers Number one dried ornamentals in global flower market Helichrysum Dry flower technique, flowers can be dried, preserved and processed to retain their beauty and everlasting character Everlasting Flower – Helichrysum bracteatum
- 26. Dried flowers • India - major exporter of dry flowers • UK is leading dry flower product importing country Potpourris - major segment – Rs. 55 crores in India
- 27. Flowers Convey Human Feelings Love Rose Purity Lily Women's love Carnation (White) Pride Amaryllis Thoughts Pansy Message Iris Jealous/Sorrow French Marigold Presumption SnapDragon Vulgar minds African Marigold Amiability Jasmine Self-Esteem Narcissus Luxury Stock Regard Daffodil Departure Sweetpea
- 28. National Flowers in different Countries Country National Flower Country National Flower Bulgaria, United States of America and England Rose Japan Chrysanthemum and Cherry blossom Egypt, Vietnam and India Lotus Pakistan Jasmine Spain Carnation Philippines Jasminum sambac
- 29. Floriculture status India’s floriculture area - 98.5% = open cultivation - 1.5% = Greenhouse cultivation Traditional flower production centres – Netherlands, Israel, Columbia New production centres – Kenya More recent - Africa, Asia
- 30. POSITION COUNTRY % OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION (1) The Netherlands 52% (2) Columbia 15% (3) Ecuador 9% (4) Kenya 7% (5) Belgium 3% (6) Ethiopia 2% (7) Malaysia 1% (8) Italy 1% (9) Germany 1% (10) Israel 1% Top 10 flower Producing Countries in the World
- 31. POSITION COUNTRY EXPORT VENUES (US $): % SHARE (1) The Netherlands $4.6 billion 48.9% (2) Columbia $1.4 billion 14.9% (3) Ecuador $879.8 million 9.3% (4) Kenya $709.4 million 7.5% (5) Ethiopia $241.3 million 2.6% Top 5 flower Export Countries
- 32. POSITION COUNTRY IMPORT VENUES (US $): (1) The United States 1.74 billion (2) Germany 1.2 billion (3) The United Kingdom 972 million (4) The Netherlands 920 million (5) Russia 445 million Top 5 flower import Countries
- 33. • The United States is the biggest consumer of cut flowers globally spending $1.83 Billion annually • The biggest floral event of the year is Valentine’s Day followed by Christmas
- 34. Floriculture scenario in India India’s share in global floriculture area : 35 % Growth rate of India’s Floriculture Industry : 24 % per annum India’s share in the global floriculture trade : Only 0.61 %
- 35. Floriculture scenario in Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu : 1st rank in flower production Contribution : 25% of country’s flower production Loose flowers produced : Major crop : Jasmine • Jasmine • Rose • Chrysanthemum • Crossandra • Marigold • Nerium