This document provides an introduction to floriculture, which is the cultivation and marketing of ornamental plants. It discusses the subdivisions of floriculture including commercial floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape gardening. Floriculture includes the production of cut flowers, loose flowers, cut greens, potted plants, and products for the perfume, pigment, and dry flower industries. The largest flower producer is the Netherlands, while India has potential to expand its small share of the global floriculture trade and areas of production include Tamil Nadu which is a leading producer of jasmine and other loose flowers.

1. Introduction to floriculture

2. Floriculture...?
Aesthetic branch of horticulture which deals with cultivation of
ornamentals, annuals, biennials and perennial plants including
potted ones and also their marketing
Art of growing, selling, designing
and arranging flowers and foliage
plants

3. Sub-divisions of floriculture
 Commercial floriculture
 Arboriculture
 Landscape gardening
 Ornamental floriculture or gardening

4. Largest flower
Arun Titan
(Amorphophallus titanium)
Smallest flowering plant
Wolffia (Wolffia arrhiza)

5. Directorate of Floricultural Research -
Pune, Maharashtra
• Launched on 10th December, 2009
• Initially it in IARI campus
• During 2014 February, shifted to
College of Agriculture Campus,
Shivajinagar
Dr. K. V. Prasad

6. Division of Ornamental Crops -
IIHR – Bangalore – 1968
First AICRP on floriculture -
1971
Division of floriculture and
landscaping - IARI -1983

7. Floriculture Industry comprises ……
Cut flower
Loose flowers
Cut greens
Potted plants
Nursery industry
Perfume industry
Pigment industry
Dry flower industry

8. Cut flowers
Cut flowers grown under protected condition: Rose,
Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Orchid, Gerbera and
Lilium
Cut flowers grown under open filed: Gladiolus,
Gerbera, Alstroemeria etc.,
Specialty cut flowers: Lisianthus, Heliconia, Bird of
Paradise, Alpinia and Calla Lily
Commercial cut flowers: Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum,
Orchid, Gerbera, Lilium, Anthurium and Gladiolus

9. Zones Cut Flowers
1. Hosur zone Rose, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Tuberose
2. Hill area zone Nilgiris - Carnation, Lilium, Gypsophilla, Bird of
Paradise, Alstroemeria
Kodaikanal – Carnation, Statice, Gypsophilla
Yercaud – Anthurium, Gerbera
3. Chennai zone Orchids
Potential districts of Tamil Nadu for flower production

10. Loose flower
Traditional flowers or economic flowers or
loose flowers
Scented Rose, Jasmine, Marigold, Chrysanthemum,
Tuberose and Crossandra
Non Traditional flowers
Aster, Dahlia, Nerium, Golden rod, Gomphrena, Celosia etc.,

14. Potential districts of Tamil Nadu for flower
production
Flower Main production areas
Jasmine Vellore, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Madurai
Marigold Thiruchirapalli, Theni, Dindigul, Madurai
Rose Krishnagiri, Dindigul, Dharmapuri,
Kanchipuram
Chrysanthemum Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem
Cut flowers The Nilgiris, Kodaikanal, Yercaud

15. Zones Loose Flowers
1. Hosur zone Jasmine, Marigold, Chrysanthemum,
Tuberose, Gomphrena
2. Hill area zone Chrysanthemum, Marigold
3. Coimbatore zone Jasmine, Scented rose, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum,
Crossandra, Marigold, Gomphrena, Celosia
4. Madurai zone Jasmine, Scented rose, Tuberose, Crossandra,
Marigold, Gomphrena, Nerium
5. Chennai zone Jasmine, Crossandra, Marigold, Tuberose
6. Kanyakumari zone Jasmine, Scented rose
7. Trichy or Tiruchi zone Jasmine, Scented rose, Crossandra, Tuberose
Seven floriculture zones of Tamil Nadu

16. CUT FOLIAGE
Standards for cut foliage- Refers to leaves or part of leaves along with
stems, branches with or without decorative fruit or other parts of the
plant
 Usage- Filler, lining and background materials
 Foliage capital – Apopka, Florida , U.S.A

17. Cut Foliage
• Used as fillers along with cut flowers in flower
arrangements
• Eg: Asparagus, Thuja, Eucalyptus etc.,
Asparagus- first rank cut greens

18. Potted plants
It’s may be either ornamental foliage or flowering plant
Number one pot plant
Hedera
Number one flowering
pot plants
kalanchoe

19. Perfume industry
Rosa damascena Jasminum grandiflorum
Rose, jasmine and tuberose are used for extraction of
essential oils
Bulgaria is the largest producer of perfumery products

20. Category World Production
(M. Tons)
India's Share
Essential oils for fragrances 4344.00 4.0%
Essential oils for processing 80410.00 21.0%
Essential oils for flavours
21670.00 14.0%
Fragrance industry is 60%
Flavour industry 20% and
Pharmaceutical industry 20%
Demand:

21. Estimated world production of essential oils for FRAGRANCES
Essential Oil Quantity in tons Producing Countries
20.00 Egypt, India, China
40.00 Turkey, Bulgaria, India, China
5.00 South Africa, Egypt, India
Cananga odorata
100.00 Comoros, Madagascar,
Indonesia
200.00 China, Egypt, India
10.00 Moracco, Egypt, Belgium,
Italy, France

22. Colour pigments
• Pharmaceutical, animal feed additives and food colourants
• Anthocyanin’s: red, purple and blue colors; water soluble
• Flavones: pale yellow colors; water soluble.
• Carotenes: yellow, orange and red colors; oil or fat soluble
Marigold
• Feed additive for poultry to add the yellow colour of egg yolk
• Prevent dry eye and night blindness in humans
Chrysanthemum
• Food products and cosmetics

23. Color Pigment Flower Crops
Yellow Carotenoids Marigold , Calendula, Rose
Orange Carotenoid Lily
Anthocyanin & flavones Snapdragon
Scarlet Anthocyanin Geranium
Anthocyanin & Carotenoids Tulip
Red, purple Betalains Bougainvillea
Magenta Anthocyanin Camellia and Begonia
Violet Anthocyanin Verbena
Blue Anthocyanin & co-pigments Poppy
Anthocyanin- metal complex Cornflower
Pigments: flower colour
First blue roses in the world
were named “Suntory blue
rose Applause”

24. Tinting
• Tinting of flowers can be done through artificial
colours
• White Carnation, Orchid, Rose, Chrysanthemum,
tuberose etc. are commonly used flower crops
for tinting

25. Dried flowers
Number one dried ornamentals in
global flower market
Helichrysum
Dry flower technique, flowers can be dried, preserved
and processed to retain their beauty and everlasting
character
Everlasting Flower – Helichrysum bracteatum

26. Dried flowers
• India - major exporter of dry flowers
• UK is leading dry flower product importing country
Potpourris - major segment –
Rs. 55 crores in India

27. Flowers Convey Human Feelings
Love Rose Purity Lily
Women's love Carnation (White) Pride Amaryllis
Thoughts Pansy Message Iris
Jealous/Sorrow French Marigold Presumption SnapDragon
Vulgar minds African Marigold Amiability Jasmine
Self-Esteem Narcissus Luxury Stock
Regard Daffodil Departure Sweetpea

28. National Flowers in different Countries
Country
National
Flower
Country National Flower
Bulgaria, United
States of
America and
England
Rose Japan
Chrysanthemum
and Cherry
blossom
Egypt, Vietnam
and India
Lotus Pakistan Jasmine
Spain Carnation Philippines Jasminum sambac

29. Floriculture status
India’s floriculture area - 98.5% = open cultivation
- 1.5% = Greenhouse cultivation
Traditional flower production centres – Netherlands, Israel, Columbia
New production centres – Kenya
More recent - Africa, Asia

30. POSITION COUNTRY
% OF GLOBAL
PRODUCTION
(1) The Netherlands 52%
(2) Columbia 15%
(3) Ecuador 9%
(4) Kenya 7%
(5) Belgium 3%
(6) Ethiopia 2%
(7) Malaysia 1%
(8) Italy 1%
(9) Germany 1%
(10) Israel 1%
Top 10 flower Producing Countries in the World

31. POSITION COUNTRY
EXPORT VENUES
(US $):
% SHARE
(1) The Netherlands $4.6 billion 48.9%
(2) Columbia $1.4 billion 14.9%
(3) Ecuador $879.8 million 9.3%
(4) Kenya $709.4 million 7.5%
(5) Ethiopia $241.3 million 2.6%
Top 5 flower Export Countries

32. POSITION COUNTRY IMPORT VENUES (US $):
(1) The United States 1.74 billion
(2) Germany 1.2 billion
(3) The United Kingdom 972 million
(4) The Netherlands 920 million
(5) Russia 445 million
Top 5 flower import Countries

33. • The United States is the biggest consumer
of cut flowers globally spending $1.83
Billion annually
• The biggest floral event of the year is
Valentine’s Day followed by Christmas

34. Floriculture scenario in India
India’s share in global floriculture
area
: 35 %
Growth rate of India’s Floriculture
Industry
: 24 % per
annum
India’s share in the global floriculture
trade
: Only 0.61 %

35. Floriculture scenario in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu : 1st rank in flower production
Contribution : 25% of country’s flower production
Loose flowers produced :
Major crop : Jasmine
• Jasmine • Rose
• Chrysanthemum • Crossandra
• Marigold • Nerium