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Identify frames
of reference
usedforstudent
performance
interpretation
Define
criterion and
normreferenced
interpretation
Recognize when
are criterion and
norm-referenced
preferable
Identify qualities
desired in
criterion and
norm-referenced
tests
Test
Result
25
Score:
he cant help but ask questions like…
25
25
Score:
What does
this score
mean?
25
Score:
Is this a high
or a low
score?
25
Score:
If I got this
score, how did
others do?
25
Score:
Is this score high
or low enough
with respect to
what I can do?
25
Score:
Does this score
mean I have
improved?
25
Score:
What does this
score mean in
terms of what I
cannot do?
Basically, the
student needs a
frame of reference
to interpret
the score
What are the four
We will consider
four approaches
to interpreting
student performance
Ability -
referenced
Ability -
referenced
a student’s performance is
interpreted in light of that
student’s maximum possible
performance
Growth -
referenced
Growth -
referenced
student performance is
compared with the student’s
prior performance
Norm -
referenced
Norm -
referenced
comparing the student’s
performance with that of
others or with the typical
performance of the student
Criterion -
referenced
Criterion -
referenced
meaning is provided
by describing what
the student can
and cannot do
Which of the four
are the most useful ?
This presentation emphasizes
criterion –referenced
norm-referenced
interpretations
This presentation emphasizes
criterion –referenced
norm-referenced
interpretations
What is
interpretation?
Criterion -
referenced
means that a score is being
interpreted in terms of
the skills the test measures.
All these represent
criterion-referenced
interpretation
What is
interpretation?
Norm -
referenced
means comparing a student’s
performance with the typical
range of performances
All these represent
norm-referenced
interpretation
When do we use the right
The type of evaluation
often influences
the reference used
for the interpretation
Forinstance,measuresused
for summative evaluations
may involve content
too broad to be well defined
Forinstance,measuresused
for summative evaluations
may involve content
too broad to be well defined
Forinstance,measuresused
for preliminary evaluations
may occur in the absence
of norms
Forinstance,measuresused
for preliminary evaluations
may occur in the absence
of norms
When preliminary
evaluations involve
general or overall
assessments of students’
knowledge and attitudes
If the preliminary
evaluations have a
well-defined
domain
Usually are criterion-
referenced because
they include knowing
what a student can and
cannot do
If you want to know
whether a student’s
problem is typical,
then norm-referenced
is the option
Since in formative
evaluation, you
determine what the
student can and cannot
do, then opt for criterion
It becomes norm-
referenced when the
evaluation is compared
to previous outcomes
They usually are norm-
referenced because
they use general or
global content
domains
If the sample works have
a well-defined domain,
criterion-referenced
interpretations are
possible
What are the
in criterion and norm referenced tests ?
ITEM DIFFICULTY
1
2
3
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75
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75
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75
1st
Honors
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rquileste@xu.edu.ph
1st
Honors
Slideshare.net/RonaldQuileste
rquileste@xu.edu.ph
1st
Honors
Identify frames
of reference
usedforstudent
performance
interpretation
Define
criterion and
normreferenced
interpretation
Recognize when
are criterion and
norm-referenced
preferable
Identify qualities
desired in
criterion and
norm-referenced
tests
Hare Krishna!
1.Claudio Guglieri
thepatternlibrary.com/#kale-salad
thepatternlibrary.com/#chalkboard
2. Anton Reponen
thepatternlibrary.com/#fancy-pants
3. Julien Renvoye
thepatternlibrary.com/#shattered-island
1. Mr. Eugene Cheng
Slideshare.net/itseugene
2. Mr.Jesse Desjardins
Slideshare.net/jessedee
3. Mr. Paul Brown
Slideshare.net/paulgordonbrown
4. Mr. Trey Parker and Mr. Matt Stone
South Park
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Criterion and Norm - Referenced Interpretations and the Four Frames of Reference