This document discusses the components and functions of the CPU. It describes how the CPU interacts with other components like memory, input, and output units. The CPU contains an ALU for arithmetic and logical operations and a control unit that controls data flow. Instructions are executed by loading them from RAM into the CPU as binary code and interpreting them before performing the specified operations and storing results. Registers provide fast access storage for the CPU. The document provides examples of how a CPU might execute simple instructions to change the color of an electric pen. It compares compilers and interpreters and their role in translating programs.

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3. Week Target Achieved
1 17wpm
2 18wpm
3 20wpm
Typing Speed

4. CPU and its execution of
statements
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5. CPU
• Interaction between functional blocks
• Blocks of Computer System
• Functions of CPU

6. Interaction between functional blocks
MEMORY UNIT OUTPUT UNITINPUT UNIT
CONTROL UNIT ALU
data
instruction read write
result
To user
(Result)
Control
signals
operand
___ data flow
------Control flow

7. Interaction between functional blocks
(contd)
• Data is supplied to the computer through an
input device.
• The data is then transferred to memory under
the supervision of the control unit.

8. Interaction between functional blocks
(contd)
• Each instruction is interpreted before
execution
• Control unit informs the ALU of the precise
operation to be performed and
• Directs the transfer of operands to the ALU

9. Interaction between functional blocks
(contd)
• The ALU then performs all calculations and
comparisons needed
• And the results are then passed unto the
memory unit, from there to the output unit

10. Blocks of CPU

11. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
 It performs two types of operations
1. Arithmetic Operations.
2. Logical Operations.

12. ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
Operation : Symbol
Addition : +
Subtraction : -
Multiplication : *
Division : /

13. Logical Operations
• Logical AND
• Logical OR
• Logical NOT
• Logical EXCLUSIVE OR

14. CU (Control Unit)
• Controls the operations that takes place in
various parts of a computer by sending
electronic signals.
• Supervises the flow of data in various parts of
computer such as input device, output device,
and memory devices.

15. Functions of CPU
CPU performs everything in binary form
• It takes the information and process it according
to instructions.
• It performs all calculations.
• It takes all decisions.
• It controls all units of computer.

16. registers
• small amount of storage available as part of a
CPU
• Mean for the fastest way to access data
• registers are normally at the top of the
memory hierarchy

17. Hierarchy of registers

18. How does CPU execute instructions?
• Computer load instruction from RAM to CPU
for execution
• Instructions are in the form of 0 and 1 which is
called machine language
• CPU only understand machine language

19. Example
• Let us say that an electric pen has a processor
and main memory.
• The processor can change color of pen
black or blue, and can check the on/off switch

20. How does CPU execute instructions?
• High level language can be converted to
machine language by compiler or interpreter

21. Compiler vs interpreter
• Compiler
Software which translate the program as a
whole
Eg:-c compiler
• Interpreter
Software which translate the program line by
line
Eg:-java

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