Intro to the unit
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This document outlines the learning outcomes and content covered in a course on computer systems architecture. The three learning outcomes are: 1) demonstrate understanding of low-level computer components and their operation, 2) describe the functions and features of peripheral devices and interfaces, and 3) produce a computer system specification from a given brief. Key topics covered include the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, buses, memory types, performance measurements, peripherals, interfaces, and assessments. Assessments will include short response questions to test understanding of components and open book specifications from given scenarios.
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The CPU is the central processing unit of a computer and consists of three main parts - the control unit, register set, and ALU. The control unit directs operations between the register set and ALU. The register set stores intermediate data and the ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU follows a fetch-execute cycle where it fetches instructions from memory and stores them in the instruction register before executing them. Common instruction types include processor-memory operations, I/O operations, data processing, and control operations.
introduction of microprocessor
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lb.pptx
- Microcontrollers are small computers on a single chip that contain a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals. They are commonly used in embedded systems.
- Memory-mapped I/O allows peripherals like sensors and actuators to be accessed like memory through regular load/store instructions. This is commonly used in microcontrollers as it allows hardware access through software and is more flexible than dedicated I/O instructions.
- General-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins on a microcontroller can be configured as digital inputs or outputs and are commonly used to interface with external devices like buttons, lights and communication buses. They provide a lightweight way to get inputs and control outputs.
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Intro to the unit
- 1. COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE F W 0 3 1 2
- 2. INTRODUCTION Outcome 1- Demonstrate an understanding of the low level components of computer systems and their operation. • Describe the purpose of the Arithmetic Logic Unit, control Unit and registers. • Describe the function of the data bus, the address bus and the control bus. • Describe different types of memory in a computer system. • Identify different ways of measuring system performance.
- 3. INTRODUCTION Outcome 2 - Describe the functions and features of peripheral devices and interfaces. • Describe the functions of various peripheral devices. • Describe the functions of interfaces.
- 4. INTRODUCTION Outcome 3 - Produce a computer system specification from a given brief. • Produce a costed specification to a given brief. • Produce a report justifying the specification. • A ProForma will be supplied.
- 5. OUTCOME 1 • Arithmetic Logic Unit – part of the processor that performs all arithmetic computations and all comparison operations. • Control Unit – Directs the flow of information in a computer system. – Controls where every bit of data goes. • Registers – Areas for temporary storage of data and instructions that are being worked on by the processor. – There are several specific registers as well as general purpose registers.
- 6. BUSES • Address bus – Identifies locations in Main Memory. – Uni-directional from CPU to Memory only • Data bus – Bi-directional between CPU, Memory and Peripherals • Control bus – Interrupts – Clock Timing – Read/Write • Specifies that the CPU wants to Read or Write to main memory
- 7. MEMORY • Registers – Areas for temporary storage of data and instructions that are being worked on by the processor. – There are several specific registers as well as general purpose registers. • Cache – Secondary areas of memory – Closer to processor
- 8. MEMORY • Virtual memory – Part of hard drive is used as if it were main memory • Main memory – RAM • Stores Open programs or data being worked on • Volatile (loses data when power is lost) • Secondary Memory – Holds large quantities of data (HDD)
- 9. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS • CPU uses internal clock generating pulses • Pulses synchronise steps taken by processor • Clock Speed is the speed at which the CPU carries out instructions • MIPS – Millions of Instructions Per Second • FLOPS – Floating Point Operations Per Second • Used for floating point multiplication
- 10. OUTCOME 2 • LO2 - Describe the functions and features of peripheral devices and interfaces.
- 11. PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACES • You will be able to describe the functions of s: – Serial Interface – Parallel Interface • Functions of an Interface – Buffering – Data Format Conversion – Protocol Handling – Status Signals
- 12. PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACES • You will understand what is meant by: – Buffering – Spooling • You will be able to describe the properties of: – USB – Firewire
- 13. OUTCOME 3 • LO3 - Produce a computer system specification from a given brief. • Brief uses a Scenario: – where you work on the cost of purchasing items a client wants within a specific price range – Where you build a PC to suit specific needs • Justify your Specification
- 14. ASSESSMENTS • LO1 Assesment – Short response question – Open Book • Textbooks; Personal notes; Handouts; Material prepared yourself • No Internet access!! • LO2 Assessment – Short response question – Open Book • Textbooks; Personal notes; Handouts; Material prepared yourself • No Internet access
- 15. ASSESSMENTS • LO3 Assessment – Two Briefs supplied • Produce a detailed Specification for each • Produce an accompanying report justifying Hardware, Software, Peripherals • All point must be referenced as shown in Evidence Requirements (see Unit Spec.) • Proforma will be made available on Moodle
- 16. ANY QUESTIONS?