This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in C++ including objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines each concept, provides examples in C++ code, and explains how they allow code reuse and flexibility through bundling of data and functions into objects that can be specialized into different forms. The document is intended to introduce the core OOP principles in C++ for educational purposes as part of a mentoring program.

2. Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of
baabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not official
document of baabtra –Mentoring Partner
Baabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt .
Ltd

3. Week Target Achieved
1 30 20
2 30 22
3 30
Typing Speed

4. OOPconcepts
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5. Introduction
• Purpose of c++ - To add object orientation to c
programming

6. The concepts
• Objects
• Class
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

7. objects
• Basic unit of oop concept
• Both data and function are bundled as a unit

8. Class
• Blue print of object
• What an object consist of-
• What operation can be performed-

9. Encapsulation
• Mechanism of bundling the data and function
that use them
• Data binding
• Keep both safe from outside interference and
misuse
• Led to data hiding

10. Abstraction
• Mechanism of exposing only the interfaces
and hiding the implementation details

11. Example
class Box {
public:
double getVolume(void) {
return length * breadth * height;
}
private:
double length; // Length of a box
double breadth; // Breadth of a box double
height; // Height of a box
}

12. Inheritance
• Code reusability
• Process of forming a new class from an
existing class
existing class-base class
new class – derived class
• is a - relationship

13. Example// Base class
class Shape {
public:
void setWidth(int w) {
width = w;
}
void setHeight(int h) {
height = h;
}
protected:
int width;
int height;
};

14. Inheritance (conti)
// Derived class
class Rectangle: public Shape {
public: int getArea() {
return (width * height);
}
};
int main(void) {
Rectangle Rect;
Rect.setWidth(5);
Rect.setHeight(7);
// Print the area of the object.
cout << "Total area: " << Rect.getArea() << endl; return 0;
}

15. Polymorphism
• Ability to use an operator or function in
different ways
• Single function or an operator functioning in
many ways different upon the usage

16. Example
class Shape {
protected:
int width, height;
public:
Shape( int a=0, int b=0) {
width = a;
height = b;
}
virtual int area() {
cout << "Parent class area :" <<endl;
return 0;
}
};

17. Polymorphism(conti)
class Rectangle: public Shape{
public:
Rectangle( int a=0, int b=0):Shape(a, b) { } int area () {
cout << "Rectangle class area :" <<endl;
return (width * height); }
};
class Triangle: public Shape{
public:
Triangle( int a=0, int b=0):Shape(a, b) { }
int area () {
cout << "Triangle class area :" <<endl;
return (width * height / 2);
}
};

18. Polymorphism(conti)
// Main function for the program
int main( ) {
Shape *shape;
Rectangle rec(10,7);
Triangle tri(10,5);
// store the address of Rectangle
shape = &rec;
// call rectangle area.
shape->area();
// store the address of Triangle
shape = &tri;
// call triangle area.
shape->area();
return 0;
}

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