Cor pulmonale is the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart in response to lung disease or other causes of increased pulmonary pressure. It has a chronic progressive course but can also worsen acutely with life-threatening complications. Key factors in cor pulmonale include pulmonary hypertension from conditions like COPD, pulmonary embolism, or vascular disease, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and eventually right-sided heart failure if left untreated. Prognosis depends on underlying cause and can be improved with treatments like oxygen therapy and smoking cessation.
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Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
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Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a sudden, progressive form of respiratory failure characterized by severe dyspnea, refractory hypoxemia, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates.
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition in which the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever. The heart valve damage may start shortly after untreated or under-treated streptococcal infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever.
Normally, the pleural space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), which acts as a lubricant that allows the pleural surfaces to move without friction.
But if fluid builds up from either increased production or inadequate removal pleural effusion results.
Pleural effusion B/L or unilateral (parapneumonic process)
Refers to any significant collection of fluid within pleural space.
Any imbalance in formation, absorption lead accumulation of pleural fluid. Common condition:
CHF
Bacterial pneumonia
Malignancy(chest tumor)
Pulmonary embolism
Pleura effusion is a condition refers to a collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is almost secondary to other conditions.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. Or •Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchBronchiectasis.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a sudden, progressive form of respiratory failure characterized by severe dyspnea, refractory hypoxemia, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates.
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition in which the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever. The heart valve damage may start shortly after untreated or under-treated streptococcal infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever.
Normally, the pleural space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), which acts as a lubricant that allows the pleural surfaces to move without friction.
But if fluid builds up from either increased production or inadequate removal pleural effusion results.
Pleural effusion B/L or unilateral (parapneumonic process)
Refers to any significant collection of fluid within pleural space.
Any imbalance in formation, absorption lead accumulation of pleural fluid. Common condition:
CHF
Bacterial pneumonia
Malignancy(chest tumor)
Pulmonary embolism
Pleura effusion is a condition refers to a collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is almost secondary to other conditions.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. Or •Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchBronchiectasis.
Anatomy of the Thorax
b. Complaints
c. Inspection
d. Pathological forms of the chest
e. Breathing rate & types
f. Palpation of the chest
g. Percussion of chest
h. Auscultation of chest
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
The most common cause is viral infections.
In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue.
Primary encephalitis- It occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Secondary encephalitis- It occurs when an infection starts elsewhere in the body and then travels to your brain.
Older adults
Children under the age of 1 year
People with weak immune systems
Primary (infectious) encephalitis
Common viruses, including HSV (herpes simplex virus) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
Childhood viruses, including measles and mumps
Arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects), including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis
Secondary encephalitis: could be caused by a complication of a viral infection.
Craniotomy
A craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp and creating a hole known as a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated.
During open brain surgery, it is done to remove tumors, clip off an aneurysm, drain blood or fluid from an infection & remove abnormal brain tissue
Decompressive craniectomy
It is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Increased intracranial pressure is defined as cerebrospinal fluid pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
Infections
Tumors
Stroke
Aneurysm
Epilepsy
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive brain injury
Hypoxemia
Meningitis
Due to etiological factors
Components of ICP is disturbed- brain tissue, CSF, blood volume
An increase in the volume of ANY ONE component must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in one of the other components.
When this volume-pressure relationship becomes unbalanced, ICP increases.
There are numerous types of brain surgery. The type used is based on the area of the brain and the condition being treated.
Brain surgery is a critical and complicated process. The type of brain surgery done depends highly on the condition being treated.
Intracranial surgery refers to various medical procedures that involve repairing structural problems in the brain.
Craniotomy
A craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp and creating a hole known as a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated.
During open brain surgery, it is done to remove tumors, clip off an aneurysm, drain blood or fluid from an infection & remove abnormal brain tissue
Decompressive craniectomy
It is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Drugs that increase cardiac output
Cardiac glycosides(digoxin) act by inhibiting sodium and potassium ATP and then making more calcium available to activate contracted proteins.
Cardiac contractility and cardiac output are increased.
Onset, peak, and duration vary widely among products.
Most products are metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
The most common side effects are cardiac disturbances, headache, hypotension, and GI symptoms.
Also common are blurred vision and yellow-green halos.
Assess:
Cardiac system: B/P, pulse, respirations, and increased urine output
Apical pulse for 1 min before giving product; if pulse ,60 bpm, take again in 1 hr; if still ,60 bpm, notify prescriber
Electrolytes: K, Na, Cl, Mg; renal function studies, including BUN and creatinine; and blood studies
Evaluate: Therapeutic response: decreased weight, edema, pulse, respiration; increased urine output
Meningitis involves meninges
Viral meningitis
Bacterial meningitis
Fungal meningitis
Parasitic meningitis
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the meningeal tissues surrounding the brain and the spinal cord (meninges).
Skipping vaccinations
Age-Viral meningitis occur in children younger than age 5. Bacterial meningitis is common in those under age 20.
Living in a community setting
Pregnancy.
Compromised immune system. AIDS, alcoholism, diabetes, use of immunosuppressant drugs etc.
Primary- Neisseria meningitidis
Secondary- E. coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningitis involves meninges
Viral meningitis
Bacterial meningitis
Fungal meningitis
Parasitic meningitis
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the meningeal tissues surrounding the brain and the spinal cord (meninges).
Skipping vaccinations
Age-Viral meningitis occur in children younger than age 5. Bacterial meningitis is common in those under age 20.
Living in a community setting
Pregnancy.
Compromised immune system. AIDS, alcoholism, diabetes, use of immunosuppressant drugs etc.
Primary- Neisseria meningitidis
Secondary- E. coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency that starts when a seizure hits the 5-minute mark (or if there’s more than one seizure within 5 minutes).
Convulsive Status epilepticus-
The convulsive type is more common and more dangerous.
It involves tonic- clonic seizures (grand mal seizures)
In the tonic phase ( lasts less than 1 minute), body becomes stiff and person lose consciousness. Eyes roll back into head, muscles contract, back arches, and trouble breathing.
As the clonic phase starts, body spasms and jerks occur. Neck and limbs flex and relax rapidly but slow down over a few minutes.
Once the clonic phase ends, patient might stay unconscious for a few more minutes. This is the postictal period.Non-convulsive Status epilepticus-
Patient lose consciousness but is in an “epileptic twilight” state.
There might not able any shaking or seizing at all, so it can be very hard for someone observing patient to figure out what’s happening.
A non-convulsive seizure can turn into a convulsive episode.
Poorly controlled epilepsy
Low blood sugar
Stroke
Kidney failure
Liver failure
Encephalitis
HIV
Alcohol or drug abuse
Genetic diseases such as Fragile X syndrome and Angelman syndrome
Head injuries
Age:
During the growth period, the BMR is high, therefore during infancy the energy need per Kg of body weight is highest than during adulthood.
The period at which the basal metabolism reaches its highest level is between the ages of 1-2 years.
A gradual decline occurs between the age of 2-5 years, with a more rapid decline until adult age.
Sex:
The BMR is higher in adolescent boys and adult males as compared to adolescent girls and adult females though it is not due to direct influence of sex differences, but are due to the differences in body composition.
Males have a greater amount of muscles and glandular tissues which is metabolically more active whereas, females have greater adipose tissues which is metabolically less active, Hence energy requirement of males is higher than of females.
There are seven main classes of nutrients that the body needs. These are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water. It is important that everyone consumes these seven nutrients on a daily basis to help them build their bodies and maintain their health. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to diseases.
Macronutrients
“Macro” means large
These are nutrients which people need to eat regularly and in a fairly large amount.
They include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre and water.
These substances are needed for the supply of energy and growth, for metabolism and other body functions.
II. Micronutrients
‘micro’ means small
Micronutrients are substances which people need in their diet in only small amounts.
These include minerals and vitamins.
Most foods are mixtures of nutrients( in 1 food more than 1 nutrient may be present)
Life cannot be sustained without adequate nourishment.
Man needs adequate food for growth and development and to lead an active and healthy life.
Food plays an important role in maintaining a person's nutritional and health status.
PLANTS
Many plant & plant part are eaten as a food.
Seeds are good source of food for animals including humans because they contain nutrients.
All seeds are not healthy. Eg- apple seeds & cherry seeds contains cyanide.
Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular condition with increasing incidence and prevalence. Unlike western countries where heart failure is predominantly a disease of elderly, in India it affects younger age group. Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic & advanced life support for purpose of oxygenating the brain & heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart & Ventilatory action. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore life of the people.
The ppt is about trends in teaching technology from traditional
methods to latest ones leading to advancement in scope & enhancement of education standards & students interest.
Chain of infection is a process in which a favorable condition is required for micro-organism to spread or transfer from reservoir to a susceptible host.
THE EXPENSE OF QUALITY IS AN INTERACTIVE PROCESS BETWEEN CUSTOMER & PROVIDER. QUALITY ASSURANCE USUALLY FOCUSES ON MATERIAL, GOOD WORK & SERVICE PROVIDED EFFECTIVELY. ANY LACK IN SERVICE PROVIDED CAUSES DECREASE IN QUALITY
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
2. INTRODUCTION
– Pulmonary hypertension is often the common link between lung dysfunction and the heart in cor
pulmonale.
– cor pulmonale commonly has a chronic and slowly progressive course, acute onset or worsening cor
pulmonale with life-threatening complications can occur.
3. KEY WORDS
– Cor pulmonale- It is alteration in the structure and function of the right ventricle (RV) of the heart.
– Proliferation- It is the growth or production of cells by multiplication of parts.
– Lingula- The lingula is a combined term for the two lingular bronchopulmonary segments of the left
upper lobe: superior lingular segment. inferior lingular segment.
4. ANATOMY OF HUMAN HEART
– Pericardium
The heart sits within a fluid-filled cavity called the pericardial cavity.
The walls and lining of the pericardial cavity are a special membrane known as
the pericardium.
Pericardium is a type of serous membrane that produces serous fluid to lubricate
the heart and prevent friction between the ever beating heart and its surrounding
organs.
5. Structure of the Heart Wall
– The heart wall is made of 3 layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.
Epicardium-The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall and is just
another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium.
Myocardium-The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall that
contains the cardiac muscle tissue.
Myocardium makes up the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart wall and is
the part of the heart responsible for pumping blood.
Endocardium.- Endocardium is the simple squamous endothelium layer that lines
the inside of the heart.
6. – Chambers of the Heart
– The heart contains 4 chambers: the right atrium, left
atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.
7. Valves of the Heart
Atrioventricular valves. The atrioventricular (AV) valves
are located in the middle of the heart between the atria and
ventricles and only allow blood to flow from the atria into the
ventricles.
The AV valve on the right side of the heart is called the
tricuspid valve because it is made of three cusps (flaps).
Semilunar valves. The semilunar valves, so named for the
crescent moon shape of their cusps, are located between the
ventricles and the arteries that carry blood away from the
heart.
The semilunar valve on the right side of the heart is the
pulmonary valve, so named because it prevents the backflow
of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.
8. Conduction System of the Heart
The conduction system starts with the pacemaker of the
heart—a small bundle of cells known as the sinoatrial (SA)
node.
The AV node is located in the right atrium in the inferior
portion of the interatrial septum.
The AV node picks up the signal sent by the SA node and
transmits it through the atrioventricular (AV) bundle.
9. – LUNGS
– The lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart in the rib cage.
– They are conical in shape with a narrow rounded apex at the top and a broad base
that rests on the diaphragm.
– The apex of the lung extends into the root of the neck, reaching shortly above the
level of the sternal end of the first rib.
10. – The lungs are surrounded by the pulmonary pleurae.
– The pleurae are two serous membranes.
– Between the pleurae is a potential space called the pleural cavity containing
pleural fluid.
– Each lung is divided into lobes by the invaginations of the pleura as fissures. The
fissures are double folds of pleura that section the lungs and help in their
expansion.
– The lobes of the lungs are further divided into bronchopulmonary segments
based on the locations of bronchioles .The segmental anatomy is useful
clinically for localizing disease processes in the lungs.
11. – Right Lung-The right lung has both more lobes and segments than the left. It is
divided into three lobes, an upper, middle, and a lower, by two fissures, one
oblique and one horizontal.
– Left lung- The left lung is divided into two lobes, an upper and a lower, by the
oblique fissure, which extends from the costal to the mediastinal surface of the
lung both above and below the hilum.
12.
13. DEFINITION
– Cor pulmonale is defined as an alteration in the structure and function of the
right ventricle (RV) of the heart caused by a primary disorder of the respiratory
system.
15. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors ( hormonal, mechanical & others)
Pulmonary endothelial injury
smooth muscle proliferation.
vascular scarring
Sustained Pulmonary Hypertension
Right Ventricle Hypertrophy
Cor Pulmonale
Right sided heart failure
16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
– Fatigue
– Tachypnea
– Exertional dyspnea
– Cough.
– Cyanosis can be seen in chest
– Chronic Hypoxemia
– Anginal pain -due to right ventricular ischemia
– Hemoptysis - due to rupture of a dilated or atherosclerotic
pulmonary arteriole.
– Right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort, and jaundice.
– Peripheral edema occurs due to elevated pulmonary artery
pressure
17. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
– History Collection
– Physical Examination-increase in chest diameter,
distended neck veins and cyanosis may be seen.
– On auscultation of the lungs, wheezes and crackles
may be heard .
– On percussion, hyper-resonance of the lungs may be
a sign of underlying COPD.
– Pulmonary function tests
– ABG analysis- Reveals decreased PaO2 & pH and
Increased PaCo2.(hypercapnia).
18. – Hematocrit count- It is done for polycythemia,
– Serum alpha1-antitrypsin, if deficiency is suspected
– Antinuclear antibody (ANA) level for collagen vascular disease, and anti-SCL-70 antibodies in scleroderma
– Coagulations studies to evaluate hypercoagulability states (eg, serum levels of proteins S and C, antithrombin III, factor V
Leyden, anticardiolipin antibodies, homocysteine)
– Brain Natriuretic Peptide-Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a peptide hormone that is released in response to volume
expansion.
– ECG – ECG changes can be seen due to Right Ventricle Hypertrophy. ECG changes may include the following:
– Right axis deviation
– P-pulmonale pattern (an increase in P wave amplitude in leads 2, 3, and aVF)
– Low-voltage QRS because of underlying COPD with hyperinflation
– 2-D and Doppler Echocardiography-
– Magnetic Resonance Imaging
– Cardiac Catheterization
19. MANAGEMENT
I. Medical Management
A. Pharmacological Management
– Diuretics
– Calcium channel blockers
– Vasodilator drugs
– Bronchodilators- Theophylline
– Warfarin- Anticoagulation with warfarin is
recommended in patients at high risk for
thromboembolism.
– Thrombolytic therapy
– Inotropes with vasodilatory properties
22. Nursing Management
– Assessment
– Determine if the patient has experienced orthopnea, cough, fatigue, epigastric distress, anorexia, or
weight gain or has a history of previously diagnosed lung disorders.
– Ask if the patient smokes cigarettes, noting the daily consumption and duration.
– Ask about the color and quantity of the mucus the patient expectorates.
– Determine the type of dyspnea if it is related only to exertion or is continuous.
– Observe if the patient has difficulty in maintaining breath while the history is taken.
– Evaluate the rate, type, and quality of respirations.
– Observe the patient for dependent edema from the abdomen (ascites) and buttocks and down both legs.
– Inspect the patient's chest and thorax for the general appearance and anteroposterior diameter.
– Look for the use of accessory muscles in breathing.
23. – Nursing Diagnosis
– Impaired gas exchange related to excess fluid in lungs; increased pulmonary
vascular resistance.
– Decreased cardiac output related to an ineffective ventricular pump
– Excess Fluid volume related to right sided heart failure
– Acute pain related to right ventricular ischemia & decreased oxygen supply
– Activity intolerance related to abnormal pulse, ECG changes & chest pain.
25. PROGNOSIS
– The overall five-year survival rate for cor pulmonale complicating COPD is
approximately 50%.
– Prognosis also appears to be significantly improved by smoking cessation and
correct use of long term o2 therapy.
26. HEALTH EDUCATION
– Advice patient to take protein rich diet.
– Educate patient regarding his disease condition.
– Educate patient regarding modification in lifestyle like cessation of smoking &
alcohol consumption.
– Advice patient to reduce spicy & fatty foods.
– Instruct patient to avoid caffeine intake which can increase pulse rate &
produce angina.
– Educate patient to minimize level of activities to prevent strain.
– Advice patient for regular follow-up & care.
27. RELATED RESEARCH
– Boissier, F., Katsahian et. Al . (2013). Conducted a study to assess Prevalence
and prognosis of cor pulmonale during protective ventilation for acute
respiratory distress syndrome. The study was conducted among 226 patients
with ARDS revealed cor pulmonale in 22% .A greater proportion of patients with
cor pulmonale (79.6%) had infection-related lung injuries compared to patients
without lung injury (57.6%) (p value < 0.01). Having an infection-related lung
injury was associated with a 2.87 (p < 0.01) increased risk of cor pulmonale. In
this sample, 28-day mortality rates were higher among patients with cor
pulmonale (60%) than patients without (30%).
28. THEORY APPLICATION
MODIFIED WHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM
Accomplishes patient’s therapeutic self-care
Compensates for patient’s inability to engage in self-care
Supports and protect patient
Nurse action
Oxygenation
Suctioning
Input & output
maintenance
Ventilator care
Postop care etc.
29. – PRESENTER’S VIEW
– Cor pulmonale commonly has a chronic and slowly progressive course, acute onset
or worsening cor pulmonale with life-threatening complications can occur. Cor
pulmonale has poor prognosis.
– SUMMARY
– Pulmonary heart disease, also known as cor pulmonale is the enlargement and
failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular
resistance (such as from pulmonic stenosis) or high blood pressure in the lungs. Cor
pulmonale is failure of the right side of the heart.