The topic discussed here is the Central Nervous system : Structure of Neuron, Types & function of neurons

1. CONTROL &
COORDINATION-I

2. NERVOUS SYSTEM
IN HUMANS

4. The activity of all these muscles and cells is co-ordinated by
a highly organised mass of tissues which form the Central
Nervous System (Brain).
THE SYSTEM THAT DEALS WITH STIMULUS AND
RESPONSE….NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Stimulus: A
change in the
environment
(external or
internal) that
is detected by
a receptor.
Response: A
change in an
organism (an
action) resulting
from a stimulus.

5.  It is divided into:
1. Central Nervous System
– Brain
– Spinal cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System
A. Somatic nervous system
– Cranial nerves
– Spinal nerves
B. Autonomic Nervous System
– Parasympathetic NS
– Sympathetic NS

7. Network inside a Processor of an electronic device

8. NEURONS

9. The structural and
functional unit of the
nervous system
Membrane covering the
neuron.- Neurilemma

10. STRUCTURE OF
NEURON
Cell body contains nucleus and
cytoplasm with Nissl’s granules.
It has two types of processes-
dendrons and axon.
Short processes that bring
information to the cell body
Long process that carry information
away from the cell body.
Branches of axon with knobs that
connect with dendrite of next
neuron.

12. Sensory neuron-
Carry
information from
receptors.
Association neuron- Provide ‘links’ between
sensory and motor neurons.
Motor neuron-
Carry
information for
response.

13.  Many nerve fibers (axon of neuron)
together form a nerve.
• Axon of the
neuron is
called Nerve
fiber
• Neuron is a
nerve cell

17. NEURON STRUCTURE

19. CELL BODY (CYTON, PERIKARYON
OR SOMA)

20. DENDRITES

21. AXON

22. AXON

23. SCHWANN CELLS FORMING THE
MYELIN SHEATH (PNS)

24. SCHWANN CELLS

25. OLIGODENDROCYTES,
GLIAL CELLS (CNS)

26. GLIAL CELLS
GLIAL
CELLS

27. AXON TERMINAL

29. SYNAPSE

30. Synaptic vesicles
Synaptic cleft
Axon
Dendrite
Neurotransmitters-
• Acetylcholine
• Adrenaline
• Dopamine
• Serotonin
Direction of
impulse
Pre-
synaptic
membrane
Post-synaptic
membrane

31. FUNCTION OF NEURON- CONDUCT NERVEIMPULSES
Nerve impulse moves from
axon of one neuron to dendrite
of the other
Reason- vesicles containing neurotransmitters are present
only in the terminal region or ends of the axon.

32. TYPES OF NEURONS

33. • MYELINATED Neurons
with axons having myelin
sheath.
• Forms the white matter
• NON MYELINATED-
Neurons with axons that do not have
myelin sheath.
• Forms the grey matter.

34. IMPULSE TRANMISSION

35. MYELINATED & NON
MYELINATED NEURONS

37.  It is divided into:
1. Central Nervous
System
– Brain
– Spinal cord
2. Peripheral Nervous
System
A. Somatic nervous
system
– Cranial nerves
– Spinal nerves
B. Autonomic Nervous
System
– Parasympathetic NS
– Sympathetic NS

39. THE BRAIN

40. Brain – Dorsal View

41. Brain – Lateral View

42. Brain – Ventral View

43. Scalp
Skull
Meninges
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
Corpus
Callosum
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum

44. BRAIN: THE MAIN
PARTS
• Cerebellum
• Medulla
oblongata
• Pons varoli
• Optic lobes
• Cerebrum
• Diencephalon

45. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
TGES BIOLOGY STD 11
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord

46. TGES BIOLOGY STD 10
Cerebrum
Corpus
callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pons varoli
Medulla
oblongata
Pituitary
Internal structure of brain

47. THANK YOU