Parasympathetic nervous system hap pharmacy Nervous system- definition classification central nervous system peripheral nervous system Neuron – structure nervous system class 11 b.pharma biology zoology Structure of the Parasympathetic Division Parasympathetic stimulation causes 1.2 Vagus nerve 1.3 Pelvic splanchnic nerves 2 Function 2.1 Sensation 2.2 Vascular effects 2.3 Sexual activity 2.4 Receptors 2.4.1 Types of muscarinic receptors 2.4.2 Types of nicotinic receptors 2.5 Relationship to sympathetic nervous system 3 Clinical significance

1. Submitted to
Mrs. Sapna jain
Submitted by
Name- Akash Sahu
Class- B.Pharma
Roll no.- Y19150005
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dr. Hari Sing Gour University, Sagar

2. The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and
cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal
cord to various parts of the body. The nervous
system includes both the Central nervous system and
Peripheral nervous system.
What is the nervous system?

3. THE MAJOR DIVISIONS OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM.
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4. *The central nervous system is the
control center of the body. It includes
the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System

5. *The peripheral nervous system
includes all the other parts of the
nervous system
The peripheral nervous system

6. • *The peripheral nervous system includes the network
of nerves that links the rest of your body to your
brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
• *The peripheral nervous system carries information
to the central nervous system, and then carries
responses from the central nervous system to the
rest of the body.

7. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of
the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS). The autonomic nervous system is
the part of the peripheral nervous system that
acts as a control system, functioning largely
below the level of consciousness and controlling
visceral functions.

8. Two neurones are involved in the transmission of impulses from
their source to the effector organ.
• Preganglionic
• Postganglionic
The preganglionic neurone This is usually long in comparison to
its counterpart in the sympathetic nervous system and has its cell
body either in the brain or in the spinal cord. Those originating in
the brain are the cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X, arising from
nuclei in the midbrain and brain stem, and their nerve fibres
terminate at or near effector organs. Their fibres leave the cord in
sacral segments 2, 3 and 4 and synapse with postganglionic
neurones in the walls of pelvic organs.

9. The postganglionic neurone This is usually very short
and has its cell body either in a ganglion or, more
often, in the wall of the organ supplied.

10. Structure of the
Parasympathetic Division
1. The ciliary ganglia
2. The pterygopalatine ganglia
3. The submandibular ganglia
4. The otic ganglia

11. 1. The ciliary ganglia lie lateral to each optic (II) nerve near the
posterior aspect of the orbit. Preganglionic axons pass with the
oculomotor (III) nerves to the ciliary ganglia. Postganglionic
axons from the ganglia innervate smooth muscle fibers in the
eyeball.

12. 2.The pterygopalatine ganglia are located lateral to the
sphenopalatine foramen, between the sphenoid and palatine
bones. They receive preganglionic axons from the facial
(VII) nerve and send postganglionic axons to the nasal
mucosa, palate, pharynx, and lacrimal glands

13. 3. The submandibular ganglia are found near the ducts of
the submandibular salivary glands. They receive
preganglionic axons from the facial nerves and send
postganglionic axons to the submandibular and
sublingual salivary glands.
4. The otic ganglia are situated just inferior to each
foramen ovale. They receive preganglionic axons from
the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves and send
postganglionic axons to the parotid salivary glands.

14. .
Parasympathetic stimulation causes:
•slowing down of the heartbeat
•lowering of blood pressure
•constriction of the pupils
•increased blood flow to the skin and viscera
•peristalsis of the GI tract
Parasympathetic Nervous System

15. •. Constricts the coronary arteries, reducing the blood supply to
cardiac muscle.
•The parasympathetic nervous system exerts little or no effect
on blood vessels except the coronary arteries
•The secretion of pancreatic juice is increased.

16. •slowing down of the heartbeat

17. •lowering of blood pressure

18. •constriction of the pupils

19. •peristalsis of the GI tract

20. Parasympathetic
 acts to conserve,
save energy
 Related to psych
relaxation
Sympathetic
 stimulates,organizes &
mobilizes energy in threat
situations
 Related to psych arousal
“Rest & digest” “Fight or Flight”

21. Parasympathetic
Nerves originating from the Brain Stem
Cranial Nerves!!!
12 pairs
On Old Olympus Towering Tops A French
and German Viewed Some Hops
(HOPS smell…)

22. Parasympathetic Responses

23. Function of

24.  Tortora G.J. Derrickson B. “Principles of Anatomy
& Physiology” John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 15th
Edition 529-40
 Noback C.R. Strominger N.L. Demarest R,.J.
Ruggiero D.A. “The Human Nervous System
Structure an d Function” Humana Press Totowa,
New York
Refrences