The document defines and provides examples of different types of representations of real things including models, mock ups, specimens, simulations, and games. It explains that these representations are used to overcome limitations like space and time, allow users to focus on specific parts or processes, address issues of size, and help learners understand abstractions. It stresses the importance of indicating the scale if a representation differs from the real thing in size or color.

5. model
is a reproduction of a
real thing in a small
scale or large scale or exact
size but made of
synthetic material. it is
a substitute for a real
thing which may or may
not be operational.
Example: globe, atom
mock up
is an arrangement of a real
device or associated devices
where the parts
of a model are singled out,
heightened and magnified in
order to focus on that part
or process under study.
Example: planetarium

6. specimen
is any individual
or item
considered
typical of a
group, class or
whole.
objects
include artifacts
displayed in a
museum or
objects displayed
in exhibit or
preserve insect
specimen in
science.

7. simulation
a representation of
a manageable real
event in which the
learner is an active
participant
engaged in learning
a behavior or in
applying previously
acquired skills or
knowledge.
example: election
or earthquake drills

8. game
is another
example of
contrived
experiences.
games
are played to
win while
simulations
need not have
a winner.

12. 1. to overcOme limitations of space
and time
2. to “edit” reality for us to be able
to focus on parts or a process of
a system that we intend to study
3. to overcome difficulties of size
4. to understand the inaccessible
5. help the learners to understand
abstractions

13. The most important
things to remember
when we make use of
contrived experiences,
if for one reason or
another they could not
replace the real things
in size and color and we
should at least cautions
the user or the reader
by giving the scale.

14. Questions enumerated by
Edgar Dale
in evaluating
contrived experience
used in class