Presented by Truong Tuyet Mai, Fred Unger and Stef de Haan at the CRP-A4NH, Vietnam Partner Day Sharing Progress and Planning ahead for Collaborative Research Workshop, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Manish Kakkar at the World Veterinary Association (WVA)/World Medical Association (WMA) global conference on One Health, Madrid, Spain, 21-22 May 2015.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Presentation by Silvia Silvestri, PhD at the ‘Our Common Future under Climate Change’ conference 7-10 July 2015, Paris, France. Co-authors: Douxchamps S., Kristjanson P., Förch W., Radeny M., Mutie I., Quiros C., Herrero M., Ndungu A., Ndiwa N., Mango J., Claessens L., Rufino M.
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Manish Kakkar at the World Veterinary Association (WVA)/World Medical Association (WMA) global conference on One Health, Madrid, Spain, 21-22 May 2015.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Presentation by Silvia Silvestri, PhD at the ‘Our Common Future under Climate Change’ conference 7-10 July 2015, Paris, France. Co-authors: Douxchamps S., Kristjanson P., Förch W., Radeny M., Mutie I., Quiros C., Herrero M., Ndungu A., Ndiwa N., Mango J., Claessens L., Rufino M.
Global Burden of Animal Diseases: Ethiopia case studyILRI
Presentation by Wudu Temesgen, Theo Knight-Jones, Wondwosen Awoke, Ben Huntington and Jonathan Rushton at the Global Burden of Animal Diseases Ethiopia case study inception workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18 March 2021.
Livestock, livelihoods and the future of India’s smallholder farmersILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress on Sustainable Livelihood Security of Smallholder Farmers, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 3–6 February 2015
The global livestock sector: Trends and health implicationsILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, William Wint, Giulia Conchedda, Giuseppina Cinardi, Thomas Van Boeckel, Bernard Bett and Marius Gilbert at the Workshop on Measuring Progress, Biennial Meeting of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (RSTMH), Oxford, 27 September 2014
The livestock revolution and implications for human health and diseaseILRI
Invited presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Barbara Szonyi and Johanna Lindahl at the 'Impact of Environmental Changes on Infectious Diseases' (IECID 2015) conference, Melia, Sitges, Spain, 23-25 March 2015.
Using data from IFPRI's Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) and secondary data, IFPRI Country Representative Dr. Akhter Ahmed presents results on poverty, agricultural production, nutrition, and policy conclusions.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAFrancois Stepman
12-14 September 2017. Ghent, Belgium. 1st MYCOKEY International Conference.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAPatrick Njobeh* and Adekoya Ifeoluwa Dept of Biotechnology and Food Technology Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
The global livestock sector: Trends, drivers and implications for society, he...ILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, William Wint, Giulia Conchedda, Giuseppina Cinardi, Thomas Van Boeckel, Michael Macleod, Bernard Bett, Delia Grace and Marius Gilbert at the annual conference of the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), Chester, UK, 14-15 April 2015.
Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals...FAO
FIRST Webinar #3 - Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals Monitoring Framework
This presentation was prepared for a webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST).
SPEAKER:
Mr Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician and Economist, FAO Statistics Division
MODERATOR:
Ms Terri Ballard, Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Specialist, FAO Statistics Division
Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/
The role of informal food markets—Towards professionalizing, not criminalizingILRI
Presented by Kristina Roesel at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins in Stored Maize Grains from NigeriaFrancois Stepman
12-14 September 2017. Ghent, Belgium. 1st MYCOKEY International Conference.
M. C. Adetunji1, O. O. Atanda1, and C. N. Ezekiel2
1Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ogun State, Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel and Silvia Alonso at the Australian Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Perth, Australia, 5–10 May 2019.
Food Security, Self-Sufficiency and Sustainable Agriculture in a Changing WorldFrancois Stepman
26-27 September 2017. Lleida, Spain. Knowledge Management and Communication in Food Security and Agriculture discussed in Spain at the occasion of the Plant Inter Cluster meeting.
Keynote presentation:
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Overview of traditional food markets in Asia PacificILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a bi-regional advocacy meeting on risk mitigation in traditional food markets in the Asia Pacific region, 1–2 September 2021.
Phuong Hong Nguyen
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Food System Transformations: National Actions in a Globalized World
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) and IFPRI
NOV 14, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EST
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Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Global Burden of Animal Diseases: Ethiopia case studyILRI
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Livestock, livelihoods and the future of India’s smallholder farmersILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress on Sustainable Livelihood Security of Smallholder Farmers, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 3–6 February 2015
The global livestock sector: Trends and health implicationsILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, William Wint, Giulia Conchedda, Giuseppina Cinardi, Thomas Van Boeckel, Bernard Bett and Marius Gilbert at the Workshop on Measuring Progress, Biennial Meeting of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (RSTMH), Oxford, 27 September 2014
The livestock revolution and implications for human health and diseaseILRI
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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAFrancois Stepman
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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN AFRICAPatrick Njobeh* and Adekoya Ifeoluwa Dept of Biotechnology and Food Technology Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Presented by Timothy Robinson, William Wint, Giulia Conchedda, Giuseppina Cinardi, Thomas Van Boeckel, Michael Macleod, Bernard Bett, Delia Grace and Marius Gilbert at the annual conference of the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), Chester, UK, 14-15 April 2015.
Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals...FAO
FIRST Webinar #3 - Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals Monitoring Framework
This presentation was prepared for a webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST).
SPEAKER:
Mr Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician and Economist, FAO Statistics Division
MODERATOR:
Ms Terri Ballard, Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Specialist, FAO Statistics Division
Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/
The role of informal food markets—Towards professionalizing, not criminalizingILRI
Presented by Kristina Roesel at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins in Stored Maize Grains from NigeriaFrancois Stepman
12-14 September 2017. Ghent, Belgium. 1st MYCOKEY International Conference.
M. C. Adetunji1, O. O. Atanda1, and C. N. Ezekiel2
1Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ogun State, Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel and Silvia Alonso at the Australian Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Perth, Australia, 5–10 May 2019.
Food Security, Self-Sufficiency and Sustainable Agriculture in a Changing WorldFrancois Stepman
26-27 September 2017. Lleida, Spain. Knowledge Management and Communication in Food Security and Agriculture discussed in Spain at the occasion of the Plant Inter Cluster meeting.
Keynote presentation:
Dr Joan Girona, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA, Spain), "Food Security, Self-Sufficiency and Sustainable Agriculture in a Changing World"
Overview of traditional food markets in Asia PacificILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a bi-regional advocacy meeting on risk mitigation in traditional food markets in the Asia Pacific region, 1–2 September 2021.
Phuong Hong Nguyen
POLICY SEMINAR
Food System Transformations: National Actions in a Globalized World
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) and IFPRI
NOV 14, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EST
Linking Agriculture, Food Systems and Nutrition for Food and Nutrition Security in Myanmar by Khin Mar Cho, International Agricultural Extension and Nutrition Specialist, Cornell University.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Johan Swinnen, Rob Vos, John McDermott, and Laura Zseleczky
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
VIRTUAL LAUNCH EVENT - 2020 Global Food Policy Report: Building Inclusive Food Systems
APR 7, 2020 - 12:15 PM TO 01:15 PM EDT
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Food safety research and training in informal/wet markets in Southeast AsiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Rortana Chea and Delia Grace at the 5th Asia-Pacific Food Safety International Virtual Conference, 27–28 January 2021.
Foresight Report on food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st...Glo_PAN
At the launch of the Global Panel's Foresight Report "Food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st century", which was held at FAO in Rome on 23 September 2016, Dr Lawrence Haddad, Chair of the Foresight Lead Expert Group, and Director of GAIN, presents the report.
Shenggen Fan
SPECIAL EVENT
Transforming Agriculture: Experiences and Insights from Brazil and Beyond
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Embrapa
MAY 15, 2018 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation
A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity
Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC.
Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers
The Effect of State and Local Buffering Mechanisms on Household Food Security...May Cho
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2012 Jul;43(4):1042-52.
Household food security and buffering mechanisms in Thai and non-Thai households in Nong Loo Sub-district, Sangkhla Buri, Thailand.
Cho MM1, Knowles J, Atwood S.
Livestock and food security: An ILRI perspectiveILRI
A series of presentations by ILRI scientists (Thomas Randolph, Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Timothy Robinson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Alessandra Galie, Alan Duncan, Nils Teufel, Mats Lannerstad, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Eric Fèvre, Silvia Alonso and Delia Grace) at a seminar on "Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition, including the role of Livestock" for the Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE), Nairobi, Kenya, 8 May 2015.
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
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The roles of livestock and farmed wildlife in preventing the next pandemic: C...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl and Dieter Schillinger at a virtual workshop on countering zoonotic spillover of high consequence pathogens, 12 July 2022.
Shenggen Fan
Transforming Agriculture and Food systems for Higher Income and Better Nutrition: Global and Emerging Perspective, IFPRI-JICA Workshop
June 28, 2018
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Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
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The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
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Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. Outline
1. Vietnam – Background
2. Nutrition situation
3. The Food System
4. Food Safety
5. Take away messages
3. Vietnam Profile
Population (2018): 94 million
Urban population: 33.1%
Life expectancy: 73.6
No. of Doctors per 10,000 population:9
% of CHS having doctors: 78%
Health Insurance coverage: 76%
% of health budget in GDP: 3.5%
% of Health budget in State budget
expenditure: 12.9%
Source: Health statistical Yearbook 2014
4. • 24.3% stunting (2016)
• 15/63 provinces have
stunting rate over 30%
• 5.3% overweight
• Anemia: 27.8% children;
25.5% women
• Huge strides forward:
- Supplementation
- Complementary feeding
- Breast feeding promotion
2. Nutrition situation: general facts
5. Vietnam – trends in malnutrition 2000 to 2015
Source:Nutrition Surveillance – National Institute of Nutrition 2016
10. NCD burden in Vietnam
Currently the NCD prevalence is high and
is increasing:
Hypertension/cardio-
vascular diseases
12,5 million people
(25% of aged 25+)
COPD
2 million people
Diabetes
2,5 million people
(5,4% of aged 30-69)
New types of
cancer
150,000/year
Prevalence
11. High level of risk factors of NCDs
Risk factors by sex among people aged 18-69; National Risk
Factors Survey 2015
Percent%
Data sources: STEPS Surveys 2015
12. High level of risk factors of NCDs
Percent%
High levels of smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of fruit/vegetable, physical
inactivity; especially in men (Risk factors survey 2015)
• * Smoking: GATS survey 2015
• ** 60 gram of alcohol at least once in past 30 days
Data sources: STEPS Surveys 2015
14. 91.0 80.3 118.7
188.0
698.2 685.0
696.6
689.2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1985 1989 2000 2009
SốgamLTTP
Năm
Food consumption (gram/capital/day)
Thức ăn nguồn thực vật Thức ăn nguồn động vật
15. The trend of food consumption 1985-2010
(gram/capital/day)
13.6
51
84
40.1
52
59.8
1.7
10.3
32.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Meat Fish Egg/milk
1985
2000
2010
16. 0
50
100
150
200
250
năng lượng protein sắt kẽm calci vitamin A vitamin C vitamin B1
2010 Toàn quốc 2015 Lạng Sơn 2015 Hưng Yên 2015 Hà Nội
% meet the RDA in <5U Children’s Dietary Intake
17. Challenges for Nutrition in Vietnam
• In some localities, government, and community
authorities have not given adequate attention to
nutrition issues, or not recognized their importance
• Resource investment has not met actual needs
• Management and operation constraints
• Capacity of the implementation network
• Inactive involvement of relevant sectors and mass
organisations at all levels.
• Globalization, urbanization,climate change, rapid
aging of the population, changes in lifestyles and
unbalanced diets
18. NATIONAL
NUTRITION PLAN
OF ACTION 2018-
2020
Objective
1: To improve the nutrition status of mothers and children
2: To reduce micronutrient deficiencies among people
3: To improve Vietnamese people’s height
4: To improve the quantity and quality of Vietnamese diets, to
control overweight/obesity and nutrition-related risk factors of
some chronic non-communicable diseases in adults.
5: To reinforce capacity and effectiveness of the network of
nutrition services in both community and health care facilities
Prime Minister’s Directions
on Strengthening Nutrition
in New Period, Dec 2017
1. Proper diet/nutrition
2. The first 1000 days of
life
3. Multi-sectoral
collaboration
19.
20. 3. The Food System
GLOPAN
Framework
A = Diet quality
B = Consumer
C = Food Environment
D = Food Supply System
E = Drivers of change
21. There is an emerging food systems interest
within a rich policy environment
• Food - feed security
• Food safety
• Climate change
• Urbanization
• Trade
• ‘Modernization’ of
retailing
• Others
Food System
Transformation
Demand
& Food
environ.
Policies
&
Programs
22. • High dietary diversity
• High vegetable intake
• > consumption of animal
products
• Pockets of micronutrient
deficiency
• > unhealthy diet components
• Food borne diseases and
contaminants
Diet
quality
Breakdown of urban and rural household
food expenditures in 2002 and 2012
3A - Diet Quality
Vietnamese diets are diverse and changing
23. Change in Food Supply per Food Group (50 years)
Calories Food weight
Fat Protein
http://ciat.cgiar.org/the-changing-global-diet/
3A
24. Source: Ipsos Business Consulting. Meat
Market in Vietnam
Production and consumption of livestock in
Vietnam from 2013 to 2019f
• Quality
• Trust
• Tradition
• Convenience
• Purchasing power
• Food choice under
researched
• Misconception:
price
Consumer
Diet
quality
3B – Consumer
What types of consumer behavior are important?
25.
26. Food
environment
Consumer
Diet
quality
Urban Wet markets (upgraded to temporal
Street venders and street food
Urban agriculture, roof gardening
Specialty “safe food shops”
Supermarkets and convenience stores
Peri-urban Hybrid
Rural Production (family farming)
Wet and village markets
Small shops / street food
3C - Food Environment
Modernization and parallel pathways
27. • Smallholder and family farming important
• Self-sufficiency: rice and most vegetables
• Partial self-sufficiency for fruits and fish
• Feed import is substantial (soya)
• Meat export (pig) and import (beef)
• Smallholder supply chains predominant
• Food companies with vertically integrated supply
chain on the rise
• Key challenges: labeling, traceability, information,
access and trust. Incipient: sustainability, animal
welfare.
• High levels of diversity are maintained in supply
chains, including landraces and NUS
3D - Food Supply Systems
From production to retail
29. Agrobiodiversity high in Retail
(comparison of species and varietal diversity at wet and supermarkets in Cầu Giấy district, Hanoi)
3D
Source: Lama, 2017
30. Agricultural production Food storage, transport and trade
Intense agricultural production
Main crops: rice (4 million ha),
cassava (0.8 million ha), coffee,
rubber, cashew,
6th largest producer of pig meat (30
million animals)
Rise of national milk production
Food loss and waste under-
researched
Rapid / direct supply
Demand for post-harvest
technology
Excellent infrastructure (expanded)
Import: feed, fruit, beef
Export: rice, coffee, pepper,
cassava, aquaculture produce
Food retail and provisioning Food processing
Predominance of wet markets
Rapid growth of supermarkets, safe
food shops and convenience stores
Culture of eating out
Preference for fresh
Range of ‘typical products’: noodles,
fish sauce, etc.
Products on the rise: milk products,
instant noodles
Selected Sphere of Influence: components
3D
31. Food Waste in Vietnam
• National State of Environment report (2011) reports that total
FW is about 5,743,056 tons per year
• It accounts for 60% of the entire municipal solid waste (MSW)
• FW per capita is estimated around 0.06 kg/day.
• According to Olivier (2008), more than half the weight of landfill
in Vietnam is FW.
Source: Le Thi Thanh Huyen et al., 2015
Estimation of food waste in Vietnam from 2007 to 2025
3D
32. 3E - Drivers of Food System Transition
Biophysical, political, economic, technological, demographic
Some of the big issues for Vietnam:
• > Population and urbanization
• > Purchasing power and shifting demand for
food
• Modernization and inclusive food supply
• Sustainable intensification and food safety
• Climate change and food supply
33. 4. Food Safety in Vietnam
• Food safety is perceived as one of the most pressing issues by
Vietnamese people, more important than education or health care
Perception
• Vietnam has a modern food safety legislation system but the use of
risk based approach is limited
Legislation
• Willing to pay 5-10% premium for safer food, not easy to decide for
consumer what is “safe”
Consumers’ Behavior
• Food exports relatively well managed but deficits in domestic
markets
Market Situation
Food safety risk management in
Vietnam. WB 2017
34. 4. Food Safety in Vietnam
Repeated episodes of adulterated and unsafe food
• Pesticides in vegetables, mass fish intoxication,
antibiotics residues
Risk perception towards chemical hazards
Reported outbreaks 370 (2014-2015), 66 fatalities, high
underreporting expected (>1/100)
Majority of risk from biological hazards are related to cross-
contamination and consumption of raw/fresh or undercooked
products
Information for selected hazards exists but rarely on related
health impact
Use of risk based approach and risk communication limited
36. Value chain and food safety by commodity:
vegetable
Consumption (Ha Noi & HCMC)
Total consumption of vegetables in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City is projected
at 2,800 tons per day and 3,290 tons per day, respectively.
Supply (Ha Noi & HCMC)
60 – 70% supplied by neighboring provinces
Market (Ha Noi & HCMC)
Hanoi: 15% supermarkets, 33% whole sale markets, remaining covered by
local markets
HCMC: 15% supermarkets, 85% whole sale markets
Food Safety risks
Limited information on hazards:
• High contamination with fecal bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, and parasites
• Pesticides, 23% of vegetables exceeded the maximum levels for pesticides
(MARD)
Food safety risk management in
Vietnam. WB 2017
37. Value chain and food safety by
commodity - Seafood
Export
- Seafood export value of US$ 8.32 billion in 2017, increasing
- Violations notified by EU* and Japan (highest in seafood, compared
to other commodities) but overall violations remain stable while
volume of exports increases
- “yellow card” from EU for illegal fishing
Domestic market
- the aquaculture sector confronts drawbacks:
(1) environmental pollution issues caused by the overuse of
antibiotics and chemicals,
(2) instability in aquaculture output due to projected restrictions
in antibiotic use
(3) the unpredictability and large scale of disease occurrence.
- Many chemicals are used, including lime, chlorine, iodine, saphonine,
microbial enzymes, and dolomite lime.
http://seafood.vasep.com.vn/657/whybuy/food-safety.htm
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311932.2016.1207398*Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed
38. Value chain & food safety by
commodity: PORK
Pork is an important component of the Vietnamese diet
• The most widely consumed meat: 56% of total meat intake
(OECD, 2016)
• Annual pork consumption per capita in Vietnam: 29.1kg
• 83% comes from very small or small farms
• 76% of pigs are processed in small slaughtering, nearly 30,000
• Preference for fresh “warm” pork supplied
in retail traditional markets
(>80% of all pork marketed)
• affordable, address local demands
• often escape effective control
PigRISK, ILRI & partner 2017
39. ILRI’s work on Pork & Food Safety
PigRISK
Jun
2012
Sep
2017
Pig competiveness
2008
-2012
SafePORK
-Small holder pig sector
is important and
competitive
Oct
2017
To assess impacts of pork-borne
diseases on human health and the
livestock.
Policy engaegement* **
*NTFFS National Food Safety Taskforce
** World Bank Food Safety Risk Assessment for Vietnam
Capacity building
Mar
2022
To develop and test market based
food safety interventions
40. Research questions
Is pork in Vietnam safe?
Are the risks serious?
Integrated approach
Interdisciplinary team: Vets, MD, economist
Risk based approach: Hazards & risks
Food safety hazards:
Biological and chemical
From farm to fork
Study sites: Hung Yen
& Nghe An
PigRISK Food Safety assessment - pork
41. Pig RISK – key results
Microbial risk assessment:
Salmonella contamination started at farm and increased along the pork
chain (farm – slaughter – market) mainly due to poor hygienic practices
44.7% of pork at market
Risk for pork consumer: 1 – 2 person from 10 estimated to suffer
Salmonella caused FBD annually
Hospitalization costs of foodborne diarrhoea per treatment episode and
per day: USD 107 and USD 34, respectively.
Pig RISK Key results from assessment
Chemical risk assessment: Risk due to chemical hazards is low (heavy
metals, grow promoters and antibiotics) low
What we are concerned most is not what makes us most sick –
risk from microbiological hazards far higher compared to chemicals
PigRISK, ILRI & partner 2017
42. Pig Risk overall research question:
Is pork in Vietnam safe? - It is not !
Are the risks serious? - Considerable!
Study sites: Hung Yen
& Nghe An How to reduce the risk for the consumer?
Safe PORK
Focus on food safety interventions & risk
communication
Involvement of private sector
From assessment to intervention
43. Challenges to improve food safety
• Various approaches to improving safety had been tried, largely based
on systems used in developed countries e.g.:
– GAP, traceability, certification, and modernising retail
• However, safe meat production has not yet take a significant share of
the market
• The key constraints to uptake include:
– high cost of adoption
– lack of direct, visible benefits from changing behaviour
– low consumer trust in certification
• We concluded that incentive-based, light-touch interventions are
needed to overcome these constraints
• Focus will be on gradual improvements to the food system in place,
rather than introduction of a new system
Challenges to improve food safety
SafePORK ILRI & partner 2017
44. • Simple, cheap tests that detect contaminated food (“Pregnancy test” model)
– Could be used directly by retailers or consumer to have direct verification of safety
• Reduce contamination of carcass
– Portable ozone machines to plug into water supply
• Ozone is highly effective disinfectant;
– Spraying of carcass (e.g. trisodium phosphate)
– Avoid floor slaughter
• Reduce use of antimicrobial
– Replacement of antimicrobials by pro-biotics, in collaboration with private sector.
• Increasing transparency and traceability in food system
– 24 hour camera that shows conditions on farm, consumer visits at producer
– Branding and certification, in collaboration with private sector
Examples for low cost interventions to
improve pork safety
SafePOR ILRI & partner 2017
45. In a slaughterhouse pilot trial, technical
evidence was provided to improve slaughter
hygiene when using a set of tailored intervention
(e.g. avoiding floor slaughter). The trial also
demonstrated that changing the practice of
workers is a key challenge for sustainability.
Technical innovations vs. practice change
PigRISK, ILRI & partner 2017
46. Nutrition
• Vietnam has made huge strides forward addressing
malnutrition in the country with a significant drop in
stunting and wasting
• Elements of success: supplementation, complementary
feeding, breast feeding promotion, fortification
• Yet, micronutrient deficiencies remain a critical
challenge in selected pockets in the country
characterized by marginal environments and poverty
• Overweight and NCD’s are on the rise and a new
important focus of nutrition and education programs
• Dietary shifts are taking place at a rapid pace with
increasingly higher of intakes of fat, energy, and
protein, but the RDA of micronutrients not met in some
geographies and populations.
5. Take away messages
47. 5. Take away messages
Food systems
• Food systems transition occurring at multiple levels
in the food supply chain
• Food environment and consumer behaviour are
unique, but also changing
• Key needs to understand food system interactions
at multiple scales and to identify leverage points to
improve food systems
• Key outcomes should include the food system
capacity to deliver and assure healthy diets,
sustainability in production and food supply, and
inclusiveness for smallholder producers and SME’s.
48. 5. Take away messages
Food safety
• Shift from a dominate focus on food safety for export to
address deficits in the domestic market (formal and
informal)
• Shift from hazard-based approaches to food safety
assessment to risk-based approaches that are more
effective, sustainable and appropriate for LMICs
• Strengthen capacity on risk assessment and
communication
• Prioritize good practices and behavioural change
towards improved hygiene (slaughter and markets),
rather than only focusing on infrastructural
improvement