CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
(For 4h semester B.Tech Degree Students
Under Kerala Technological University)
MODULE V
VISHNU VIJAYAN
HOD-Department Of Civil Engineering
Baselios Mathews II College Of Engineering
Sasthamcotta, Kollam,Kerala,INDIA
21 March 2020
www.Slideshare.net-CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
1

Tall buildings
• Buildings higher than 50m is
termed as Tall Building. Buildings
higher than 100m is termed as
skyscraper.
• Buildings 300m or higher is termed
as super tall. Buildings 600m or
taller is termed as mega-tall
• The world's tallest artificial
structure is the 829.8-metre-tall
(2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of
the United Arab Emirates).
• in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, the
Kingdom Tower is currently under
construction and will eventually
exceed 1000 m in height.
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World Tall buildings
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STRUCTURE
• A structure is a system of inter connected
elements to carry loads safely to underground
earth
• Basically in building structures there are 2
types of structures:
• (1) Framed structure
• (2) load bearing structure.
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Framed Building/structure
• A framed structure is a network of beams and
columns joined up to form the skeleton
framework of the building. The structural
frame carries the total load of the building and
transfers it to the foundation.
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TECHNOLOGY

frame system
In this frame system, bracing are usually provided
between beams and columns to increase their
resistance against the lateral forces and sideways
forces due to applied load. Bracing is usually done
by placing the diagonal members between the
beams and columns.
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frame system
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Load bearing structure:
• Instead of columns and beams, it has
walls taking the load.
• Here the walls play a dual role of
taking loads and protecting the
inhabitants.
• The walls are generally brick or
stone.
• Since the walls take the load they
cannot be moved or removed. The
older structures of 2 to 3 storey
were load bearing.
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`
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Formwork
• Concrete Formwork is the
temporary structure that
supports the fresh
concrete and steel during
the construction process
within required Strength
and Tolerance.
• Formwork for concrete
structures has a
significant impact on the
cost, time, and quality of
a completed construction
project.
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TECHNOLOGY

The form materials
• Wood
• Plywood
• Steel
• Aluminium
• Plastic
• Plaster
• Synthetics materials(others)
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Requirements of formwork:
• Material should be cheap and re usable,
• It should be practically water proof, so that it
should not absorb water from concrete,
• Swelling and shrinkage should be minimum,
• Strong enough to with stand all external loads,
• Deflection should be minimum,
• Surface should be smooth, and afford easy striping,
• Light in weight, so that easy to transfer,
• Joints should be stiff, so that lateral deformation
and leak is minimum .
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Footing Formwork
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Quality/result of
formwork
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Poor Quality of formwork
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Flat slab
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Flat slab & Formwork
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Aluminium frame
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Construction joint:-
• When construction is stop at end of a day these joints are
given
• It becomes necessary to ensure proper band between the
old work& new one
• It can be either horizontal(or)vertical
• For a inclined (or) curve member the joint should be right
angle to the axis of the member
• The concreting in the constructive joint should take place
after an interval of at least 4hrs in case of columns
• new concretes to be laid within 4hrs then the surface of the
construction joint should be thoroughly cleaned with wire
brush & surface treated with cement mortar of same
proportion
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TECHNOLOGY

EXPANSION JOINTS
• It is provided in all concrete structure of
length exceeding 12m for two purpose;
• To allow changes in the volume of the
concrete due to temperature ,due to
change in moisture content & shrinkage
due to hydration of cement setting
• To preserve the appearance and
maintain the original shape of the
concrete structure
• Joint is filled with elastic material called
joint filler
• Joint filler should be compressible ,rigid
,cellular
• Joint is filled with bitumen treated felt,
cane fiber board, cork etc..21 March 2020 20
TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO PREFABRICATED
TECHNOLOGY
• Prefabrication is the practice of assembling
components of structures in a factory or other
manufacturing site and transporting complete
assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction
site where the structure is to be located.
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TECHNOLOGY

Advantages
• Work time is reduced
• Less workers needed for
construction
• Work done with better technology
• Interruption in connection can be
omitted
• Wok can be completed early
Limitations
• Size of the units has a limited
variety.
• Site access and storage capacity
sometimes difficult.
• Require high quality control.
• Enable interaction between design
phase and production planning.
• Difficult to handling & transporting.
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TECHNOLOGY

Slipform
Slip form construction, or continuously formed construction,
is a construction method in which concrete is poured into a
continuously moving form.
Basically, this method involves the continuous placing of
concrete in a shallow mould having the same plan as the
building to be constructed.
This rigid mould, or "slip-form" as it is called, forms the
working deck which is jacked slowly upwards at a controlled
rate until the required elevation is reached.
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ADVANTAGES:
• The formwork needs to be continually
removed to newer locations and then re-
erected.
• Continuous use of manpower and lifting
equipment like cranes.
• In the case of slip form building, the
formwork is erected only once and
remains intact until the entire structure is
completed.
• Great reduction in the cost of formwork
as well as time saving for re-erection.
• Cost effective
• The reduction in the movement of
formwork and workers also leads to far
more safe working conditions that also
make it a major advantage.
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TECHNOLOGY

Vertical transportation
•Stairs
•Elevators
•Escalators
•Ramps
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TECHNOLOGY

STAIR
• A Stair is a system of steps by which people
and objects may pass from one level of a
building to another.”
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Technical Terms
The definitions of technical terms used in connection with
the stairs are as follows:
1) Baluster: - It is vertical member of wood or metal
supporting the hand rail.
2) Handrail: - The inclined rail over the string is known as a
handrail.
3) Newel post: - This is the vertical member which is placed
at the ends of flights to connect hand rail.
4) Soffit: - It is the underside of a stair.
5) Waist: - The thickness of structural slab in case of an R.C.C.
stair is known as a waist.
6) Nosing: - It is the projecting part of the tread beyond the
face of the riser. It is rounded to give good architectural
effect.
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TECHNOLOGY

7) Scotia: - It is a moldings provided under the
nosing to improve the elevation of the step.
8) Tread: - It is the upper horizontal portion of a
step upon which the feet is placed while
ascending or descending.
9) Rise: - It is the vertical distance between two
successive tread faces.
10) Going :- It is the horizontal distance between
two successive riser faces.
11) Flight: - A series of steps without any
platform, break or landing in their direction.
12) Landing: - It is the level platform at the top
or bottom of a flight between the floors.21 March 2020 28
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Ramp
• Ramp is an inclined plane joining two floors and
is mainly used for carrying machinery,
equipment, trolleys, cars etc.
• upper floors in multistoried building and public
buildings. Ramps are either located externally,
i.e. extending from general building line or inside
the building.
• In case of movement of heavy loads it is
preferable to provide the ramp externally,
whereas for pedestrians, it is preferable to
provide inside the building.
• The dimensions of the ramp also depend upon its
use. For pedestrian traffic, a minimum slope of 1
in 10 and a maximum of 1 in 8 can be adopted.
Its width is limited to about 2m and can be of
dog legged type in plan.
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Ramp
Minimum width of pedestrian ramp is 1.2m landings should
be as wide as ramp
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Escalators
• Escalators or powered stairs are used
when it is necessary to move large
number of people from floor to floor.
• They provide continuous movements
of people.
• Escalators are preferred when heavy
volumes are expected between
relatively few floors.
• They have no waiting time they can be
used to guide people towards main
exits or special exits.
• They are installed at railway stations,
shopping malls, airport, convention
centers, hotels etc.
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TECHNOLOGY

Escalators
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Elevator or lift
• Elevator or lift is an appliance designed to
transport persons or materials between two or
more levels in a vertical direction by means of
guided car or platform.
• They are used in buildings having three or more
stories.
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TECHNOLOGY

Quality of service
• Quality of service
• It is measured by passenger waiting time at each
floors.
Acceptable interval Class
• 20-25 S-Excellent
• 30-35 S-Good
• 35-40 S-Fair
• 40-45 S-Poor
• Over 50 S-Unsatisfactory
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TECHNOLOGY

END..
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TECHNOLOGY

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

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