1. A new constant-temperature constant-voltage (CT-CV) charging technique is proposed that adjusts the charging current in response to the battery's temperature to reduce charging time without increasing degradation.
2. Experimental results show that CT-CV charging can reduce charging time by 20% compared to constant-current constant-voltage charging while maintaining the same temperature rise.
3. CT-CV charging can also lower the temperature rise by 20% compared to constant-current constant-voltage charging during the same charging period.
A Five Parameter Analytical Curvefit Model for Open Circuit Voltage Variation...lalitpatnaik
Slides associated with paper of the same title presented at PEDES 2018, Chennai, India.
Full paper available here: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8707806
If you would like to have a copy of the paper but do not have access, you can contact the first author directly at Twitter (@lalitpatnaik) or Mastodon (@lalitpatnaik@mastodon.cloud)
• Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), are hybrids with high capacity batteries that can be charged by plugging them into an electrical outlet or charging station. They can store enough electricity to significantly reduce their petroleum use under typical driving conditions
The presentation gives the brief introduction of battery management systems its functions like cell protection, SOC, SOH monitoring and its applications in various fields like Smart Batteries, Battery storage power stations and electric vehicles.
A Five Parameter Analytical Curvefit Model for Open Circuit Voltage Variation...lalitpatnaik
Slides associated with paper of the same title presented at PEDES 2018, Chennai, India.
Full paper available here: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8707806
If you would like to have a copy of the paper but do not have access, you can contact the first author directly at Twitter (@lalitpatnaik) or Mastodon (@lalitpatnaik@mastodon.cloud)
• Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), are hybrids with high capacity batteries that can be charged by plugging them into an electrical outlet or charging station. They can store enough electricity to significantly reduce their petroleum use under typical driving conditions
The presentation gives the brief introduction of battery management systems its functions like cell protection, SOC, SOH monitoring and its applications in various fields like Smart Batteries, Battery storage power stations and electric vehicles.
A presentation as a part of coursework on Ultracapacitors, the modern electric energy storage devices with very high capacity and a low internal resistance.
An inverter is an electric apparatus that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). It is not the same thing as an alternator, which converts mechanical energy(e.g. movement) into alternating current.
Direct current is created by devices such as batteries and solar panels. When connected, an inverter allows these devices to provide electric power for small household devices. The inverter does this through a complex process of electrical adjustment. From this process, AC electric power is produced. This form of electricity can be used to power an electric light, a microwave oven, or some other electric machine.
Electric Vehicles Battery Charging by Estimating SOC using Modified Coulomb C...ijtsrd
Quick and effective battery charging is critical for battery powered vehicles. This paper describes a multilevel charging technique for Li ion batteries used in electric vehicle applications. Instead of a single constant current level, five constant current levels are used to quickly charge the battery. A DC DC converter is used as a current source in the charging circuit for safe and efficient charging. The precise calculation of state of charge SoC is used as an input to enforce the above optimal battery charging technique. The SoC is calculated using a hybrid method that incorporates both the Open Circuit Voltage OCV and Coulomb integral methods. To estimate battery parameters, the Simulink Design Optimization SDO tool is used. The simulations are performed using MATLAB. The difference between the inbuilt battery SoC estimation method and the updated coulomb counting system in terms of SoC estimation is less than 2 . A 3.7 V, 1.1 Ah Li ion battery was used for all of the tests. A. Srilatha | A. Pandian "Electric Vehicles Battery Charging by Estimating SOC using Modified Coulomb Counting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49153/electric-vehicles-battery-charging-by-estimating-soc-using-modified-coulomb-counting/a-srilatha
A presentation as a part of coursework on Ultracapacitors, the modern electric energy storage devices with very high capacity and a low internal resistance.
An inverter is an electric apparatus that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). It is not the same thing as an alternator, which converts mechanical energy(e.g. movement) into alternating current.
Direct current is created by devices such as batteries and solar panels. When connected, an inverter allows these devices to provide electric power for small household devices. The inverter does this through a complex process of electrical adjustment. From this process, AC electric power is produced. This form of electricity can be used to power an electric light, a microwave oven, or some other electric machine.
Electric Vehicles Battery Charging by Estimating SOC using Modified Coulomb C...ijtsrd
Quick and effective battery charging is critical for battery powered vehicles. This paper describes a multilevel charging technique for Li ion batteries used in electric vehicle applications. Instead of a single constant current level, five constant current levels are used to quickly charge the battery. A DC DC converter is used as a current source in the charging circuit for safe and efficient charging. The precise calculation of state of charge SoC is used as an input to enforce the above optimal battery charging technique. The SoC is calculated using a hybrid method that incorporates both the Open Circuit Voltage OCV and Coulomb integral methods. To estimate battery parameters, the Simulink Design Optimization SDO tool is used. The simulations are performed using MATLAB. The difference between the inbuilt battery SoC estimation method and the updated coulomb counting system in terms of SoC estimation is less than 2 . A 3.7 V, 1.1 Ah Li ion battery was used for all of the tests. A. Srilatha | A. Pandian "Electric Vehicles Battery Charging by Estimating SOC using Modified Coulomb Counting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49153/electric-vehicles-battery-charging-by-estimating-soc-using-modified-coulomb-counting/a-srilatha
Performance Evaluation of Modelling and Simulation of Lead Acid Batteries for...IJPEDS-IAES
Lead-acid batteries have been the most widely used energy storage units in
stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications. To make a full use of those
batteries and to improve their lifecycle, high performance charger is often
required. The implementation of an advanced charger needs accurate
information on the batteries internal parameters. In this work, we selected
CIEMAT model because of its good performance to deal with the widest
range of lead acid batteries. The performance evaluation of this model is
based on the co-simulation LabVIEW/Multisim. With the intention of
determining the impact of the charging process on batteries, the behaviour of
different internal parameters of the batteries was simulated. During the
charging mode, the value of the current must decrease when the batteries’
state of charge is close to be fully charged.
Prediction of li ion battery discharge characteristics at different temperatu...eSAT Journals
Abstract State of charge (SOC) is an important battery parameter which provides a good indication of the useful capacity that can be derived out of a battery system at any given point of time. Li-ion has become state of the art technology for commercial and aerospace applications due to the various advantages that they offer. For spacecrafts requiring long lifetime, SOC estimation is crucial for on-orbit as well as offline data analysis. On-orbit estimation of SOC should be carefully addressed, as this provides information on survivability of battery and also serves as input to Battery Management System (BMS). In addition, detailed offline data analysis of battery electrical characteristics, which indicate the SOC-Voltage relationship is important to assess the performance of the battery under various mission scenarios at both Beginning of life (BOL) and End of Life (EOL) of a spacecraft system. In this work, a hybrid SOC estimation method, incorporating coulomb counting and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is used, to predict the BOL discharge behaviour of an 18650 commercial Li-ion cell at different temperatures and discharge rates. The experimental results are encouraging and the approach gives a prediction error of less than 10%. The study will serve as basis for life assessment of Li-ion cells and batteries used for GEO and LEO missions. Key Words: Li-ion, State of Charge, Unscented Kalman Filter etc…
A battery charging system & appended zcs (pwm) resonant converter dc dc buck ...hunypink
This paper presents technique for battery charger to achieve efficient performance in charging shaping,
minimum low switching losses and reduction in circuit volume .The operation of circuit charger is switched
with the technique of zero-current-switching, resonant components and append the topology of dc-dc buck.
The proposed novel dc-dc battery charger has advantages with the simplicity, low cost, high efficiency and
with the behaviour of easy control under the ZCS condition accordingly reducing the switching losses. The
detailed study of operating principle and design consideration is performed. A short survey of battery
charging system, capacity demand & its topologies is also presented. In order to compute LC resonant pair
values in conventional converter, the method of characteristic curve is used and electric function equations
are derived from the prototype configuration. The efficient performance of charging shaping is confirmed
through the practical examines and verification of the results is revealed by the MATLAB simulation. The
efficiency is ensured about 89% which is substantially considered being satisfactory performance as
achieved in this paper.
A new Li-ion battery charger with charge mode selection based on 0.18 um CMOS...IJECEIAES
A new architecture of Li-Ion battery charger with charge mode selection is presented in this work. To ensure high efficiency, good accuracy and complete protection mode, we propose an architecture based on variable current source, temperature detector and power control. To avoid the risk of damage, the Li- Ion batteries charging process must change between three modes of current (trickle current (TC), constant current (CC), and constant voltage (CV)) in order to charge the battery with degrading current. However, the interest of this study is to develop a fast battery charger with high accuracy that is able to switch between charging modes without reducing its power efficiency, and to guarantee a complete protection mode. The proposed charger circuit is designed to control the charging process in three modes using the charging mode selection. The obtained results show that the Li-ion batteries can be successfully charged in a short time without reducing their efficiency. The proposed charger is implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology with a maximum charging current equal to 1 A and a maximum battery voltage equal to 4.22 V, (with input range 2.7-4.5 V). The chip area is 1.5 mm 2 and the power efficiency is 90.09 %.
A Nonlinear TSNN Based Model of a Lead Acid BatteryjournalBEEI
The paper studies a nonlinear model based on time series neural network system (TSNN) to improve the highly nonlinear dynamic model of an automotive lead acid cell battery. Artificial neural network (ANN) take into consideration the dynamic behavior of both input-output variables of the battery charge-discharge processes. The ANN works as a benchmark, its inputs include delays and charging/discharging current values. To train our neural network, we performed a pulse discharge on a lead acid battery to collect experimental data. Results are presented and compared with a nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener model. The ANN and nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) models achieved satisfying results.
Similar to Constant Temperature Constant Voltage (CT-CV) Charging Technique for Lithium-Ion Batteries (20)
[Poster] Wireless Opportunity Charging as an Enabling Technology for EV Batte...lalitpatnaik
Opportunity charging of electric vehicles (EVs) during brief stops is an important application of wireless power transfer (WPT). Irrespective of the specific WPT technology used, it is possible to quantify the effect of opportunity charging on EVs using energy calculations. This paper presents an analysis of the potential reduction in battery size and extension in EV range enabled by opportunity charging, using urban driving cycle data and various charging power levels. Traction power expended for acceleration, and to overcome air drag and rolling friction are considered. Depending on the extent of opportunity charging, battery size reduction from 6% to 85% is possible. Alternatively, retaining the battery size at its base value, a range extension between 7% and 600% is realizable. Although the results are shown for a particular velocity profile, the generalized analysis method presented in this paper can cater to various types of driving cycles.
Full paper available here:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8450900
An Investigation into Even Harmonic Injection in Pole Voltages of a Single Phase Inverter: Presented at National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC) 2010 at Roorkee, India.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Constant Temperature Constant Voltage (CT-CV) Charging Technique for Lithium-Ion Batteries
1. This work was carried out at my previous affiliation:
STEER Group, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
Constant-Temperature Constant-Voltage (CT-CV)
Charging Technique for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Dr. Lalit Patnaik
Senior Fellow, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
(present affiliation)
Webinar on 15 July 2020
1
IEEE PELS & IES Bangalore Chapter
Can we charge batteries faster without killing them?
2. Outline
2
1. Why lithium-ion batteries?
2. Existing charging methods
3. Proposed CT-CV charging method
4. Experimental setup and results
5. Future work and summary
3. Image: [Loveridge 2019]
3
Why Lithium-Ion Batteries?
Pros
+ High energy density: 250-700 Wh/L
+ High specific energy: 100-300 Wh/kg
+ Good cycle life: 400-1200 cycles
+ Low self-discharge: <3% per month
+ Affordable cost: 150 $/kWh
+ Reasonably safe operation
+ Environment friendly: no Pb and Cd
Cons
- Underutilization
- Capacity fade: 10-20% fade in 500 cycles
- Limited temperature range: 15-35°C
- Thermal runaway
5. 5
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019
Image: Niklas Elmehed, Nobel Media
6. 6
Charging Methods for Li-ion Batteries
Charging technique Reference
Constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) [Cope 1999, Zhang 2006, Hoffart 2008]
Multistage constant current (MCC) [Liu 2005, Liu 2010, Liu 2011, Vo 2015,
Wang 2015, Min 2017, Kodali 2017]
4C-1C-CV [Fernandez 2016]
Pulse current [Chen 2007, Schalkwijk 2007, Savoye 2012]
Sinusoidal ripple current (SRC) [Chen 2013, Bessman 2018*]
Time [minutes]
Charging
current
1C
4C
Time [ms]
Charging
current
1C
2C Continue till
fully charged
Ripple frequency 900-1200 Hz
7. 7
Motivation for New Charging Scheme
Shortcomings of existing methods
• Open-loop method based on manufacturer datasheet
➢ Does not adjust for aging/temperature of cells
➢ Tends to be conservative
• Cell degradation due to uncontrolled heating in poor cooling conditions
Key research question
What charging profile ensures the fastest charging time without hampering cell life?
8. 8
CC-CV charging
• Lower temperature at beginning of CC mode
• Higher temperature towards end of CC mode
• Temperature rise, ΔT = 2-8 °C
CT-CV charging
• Cell is charged faster
• Same temperature rise as CC-CV
• Custom current profile for each cell
• Current profile adjusts for cell aging
Closed-Loop CT-CV Charging Concept
Premises:
1. Pumping energy into a battery: If it is not stored, it is dissipated!
2. Cell temperature is a key degradation metric [Amine 2005, Leng 2015, Kabir 2017]
3. Charging current ≤1C for SOC>70% to avoid Li plating [Zhang 2006]
9. 9
CT-CV Charging: Block Diagram
• Validation of charging technique
➢ First at cell level
➢ Then at pack level
• Large thermal time constant (∼minutes)
➢ Slow control loop permissible
10. 10
PLECS Simulation for Various Rint
• Parameters: Kp = 0.9, Ki = 0.0005, Kd = 0.05, Iff = 0, Tset = 28.5°C, Ci = 30 J/K,
Cs = 55 J/K, Ris = 10 K/W, Rsa = 18 K/W
• Higher Rint ⇒ Faster heating ⇒ Lower charging current
• Exponential approximation of charging current can serve as Iff
• PLECS Model of the Month – June 2018:
https://www.plexim.com/support/videos/mom_june_2018_ctcvcharge
[Gao 2002]
[Chen 2006]
[He 2011]
[Forgez 2010]
Caveat: 1st order model
does NOT work!
Rint
Ploss = Ich
2 Rint
Annotated Rint values are in Ω
11. USB
Keysight oscilloscope
Experimental Set-up for Charging
11
Samsung 18650 cell
LM335
Solid-state sensor
Rigol power supply
USB
Popular form factor:
From laptops to EVs
Scope in
the loop!
12. 12
Experimental Set-up for Charging
• Rigol DP831A programmable DC power supply serves as charger
• 3-channel data acquisition using Keysight DSOX3014T oscilloscope
• USB interface to PC for control and long-time (2 hours) data logging
• Control using MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox and SCPI commands
13. 13
Experimental Set-up for Discharging
• Turnigy Reaktor balance charger/discharger
• Up to 20 A discharge current
• Appreciable current ripple: 0.5 A (pk-pk)
• Test discharge capacity in order to compare charging techniques
0.5 A
17. 17
Experimental Results for Different Cooling Conditions
• Charging current dynamically adjusts to available cooling
• Better cooling ⇒ Higher charging current in CT mode
⇒ Shorter charging time
• Good cooling: Forced air
• Average cooling: Natural convection
• Poor cooling: Thermally insulated
18. 18
Towards “Sensorless” CT-CV Charging
1.4℃
• Replace temperature sensor with
estimator?
• 1.4℃ temperature error based on
➢ Constant Rint
➢ 2nd order thermal model
• More accurate temperature
estimator required
20. 20
Comparison with other charging methods
[Liu 2010]
[Chen 2007]
[Chen 2013]
*
*
*Not for the same cell type as other measurements
21. 21
Future Work
1. Testing for different types of Li-ion cells (and beyond?)
• Pouch, prismatic, built-in temperature sensors
• Cathode materials: LFP, LCO, LMO, LTO
2. Cycle-life and calendar-life testing
• Capacity fade / SOH implications
• Thousands of charge/discharge cycles
• Requires automated cell cycle tester
3. Sensorless CT-CV charging
• Detailed modeling: internal resistance, thermal
• Accurate temperature estimation
22. 22
4. CT-CV fast charging
• Requires elaborate cooling systems
➢ Collaboration with thermal experts
• Modeling and experiments on degradation mechanisms
➢ Collaboration with electrochemistry experts
5. Extension to battery pack level
• Integration with Battery Management System (BMS)
• 2S, 4S, … nS configurations
Future Work
23. Summary
1. Closed-loop charging scheme
• Adjusts charging current in response to battery condition
• Corrects for aging and thermal environment
2. Faster charging for given amount of degradation
• 20% lesser time with same ΔT as CC-CV technique
3. Lower temperature rise for given charge time
• 20% lower ΔT with same charge time as CC-CV technique
4. Enables controlled aging/degradation based on value of set
battery temperature
5. Simple, low band-width PID control with feedforward aid
23
24. 24
Thank You Very Much
Merci Beaucoup
Twitter: @lalitpatnaik
LinkedIn: lalitpatnaik
25. 25
Relevant Publications
• [Patnaik 2019] L. Patnaik, A.V.J.S. Praneeth, and S.S. Williamson, “A Closed-Loop
Constant-Temperature Constant-Voltage Charging Technique to Reduce Charge
Time of Lithium-Ion Batteries,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.
66, no. 2, pp.1059-1067, 2019.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8353785
• [Marcis 2020] V.A. Marcis, A.V.J.S. Praneeth, L. Patnaik, S.S. Williamson, "Analysis
of CT-CV Charging Technique for Lithium-Ion and NMC 18650 Cells Over
Temperature Range," IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology
(ICIT), 2020.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9067186
26. 26
• [Loveridge 2019] M.J. Loveridge, C.C. Tan, F.M. Maddar, G. Remy, M. Abbott, S. Dixon, R. McMahon, O. Curnick, M. Ellis,
M. Lain, and A. Bara. “Temperature Considerations for Charging Li-Ion Batteries: Inductive versus Mains Charging
Modes for Portable Electronic Devices,” ACS Energy Letters, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1086–1091, 2019.
• [Ding 2019] Y. Ding, Z.P. Cano, A. Yu, J. Lu, and Z. Chen, “Automotive Li-ion batteries: current status and future
perspectives,” Electrochemical Energy Reviews, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.1–28, 2019.
• [Cope 1999] R. C. Cope and Y. Podrazhansky, “The art of battery charging,” in Proc. IEEE 4th Annu. Battery Conf. Appl.
Adv., pp. 233–235, 1999.
• [Zhang 2006] S. S. Zhang, “The effect of the charging protocol on the cycle life of a Li-ion battery,” J. Power Sources, vol.
161, no. 2, pp. 1385–1391, 2006.
• [Hoffart 2008] F. Hoffart, “Proper care extends Li-ion battery life,” Power Electron. Technol. Mag., vol. 34, pp. 24–28,
2008.
• [Liu 2005] Y. H. Liu, J. H. Teng, and Y. C. Lin, “Search for an optimal rapid charging pattern for lithium-ion batteries using
ant colony system algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1328–1336, Oct. 2005.
• [Liu 2010] Y. H. Liu and Y. F. Luo, “Search for an optimal rapid-charging pattern for Li-ion batteries using the Taguchi
approach,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3963–3971, Dec. 2010.
• [Liu 2011] Y. H. Liu, C. H. Hsieh, and Y. F. Luo, “Search for an optimal five-step charging pattern for Li-ion batteries using
consecutive orthogonal arrays,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 654–661, Jun. 2011.
References
27. 27
• [Vo 2015] T. T. Vo, X. Chen, W. Shen, and A. Kapoor, “New charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on the
integration of Taguchi method and state of charge estimation,” J. Power Sources, vol. 273, pp. 413–422, 2015.
• [Wang 2015] S.-C. Wang and Y.-H. Liu, “A PSO-based fuzzy-controlled searching for the optimal charge pattern of Li-
ion batteries,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2983–2993, May 2015.
• [Min 2017] H. Min et al., “Research on the optimal charging strategy for Li-ion batteries based on multi-objective
optimization,” MDPI Energies, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 709, 2017.
• [Kodali 2017] S. P. Kodali and S. Das, “Implementation of five level charging scheme in lithium ion batteries for
enabling fast charging in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” in Proc. Nat. Power Electron. Conf., pp. 147–152, 2017.
• [Fernandez 2016] V. M. G. Fernandez, C. B. Viejo, D. A. Gonzalez, M. G. Vega, Y. F. Pulido, and J. C. A. Anton, “Thermal
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