This document discusses the design and testing of a battery for a PIC microcontroller-based solar-wind hybrid system under different load and no-load conditions. It describes the objectives, literature review on previous related work, materials and methods used including specifications of the system components (solar PV module, wind turbine, battery, charge controller, DC-DC converter). It then outlines the different operating conditions tested and observations on the performance of the solar, wind and battery. The conclusion is that the charge controller and boost converters improve the hybrid system and battery performance, showing the system is efficient.

1. DISIGNING AND TESTING OF BATTERY PERFORMANCE OF A PIC
MICROCONTROLLER BASED SOLAR WIND HYBRID SYSTEM
DURING LOAD AND NOLOAD CONDITIONS
Presented by
Bikash Kumar Sahu
P.K Choudhury

2. Contents
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Objective
Literature review
Materials and Methods
Result and discussions
References

3. Introduction
• Main challenges in the 21th Century
– rising of energy demands and
– safe guarding security of energy supply
• Demand for energy will be significantly
increased in the coming years
– due to rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanization
of rural areas, particularly in the Asian and African
countries, besides the constant rise in energy demand in developed
countries

4. Contd…..
• Nearly 1.3 billion people will remain without access to electricity and
2.6 billion will have no access to clean cooking facilities by 2030.
(WEO, 2012)
• Therefore, the urgent need
•
•
•
efficient exploitation of alternative energy sources to meet the energy demands.
Exploring site specific use of hybrid renewable energy system
Both exploitation of solar and wind energy sources exhibits the fastest
growth in the world,
•
increase at around 25-35% annually over the last decade.

5. Hybrid power system
• Hybrid power system
• combinations of two or more energy conversion devices.
• Solar wind hybrid energy system
• one of the most favored systems for use in remote areas
.

6. Objectives
• To develop a microcontroller based charge
controller for application in solar wind hybrid
energy conversion system.
• To study the performance of the battery under
charging and discharging conditions.

7. Literature review
Researcher
Context: solar and wind hybrid
systems
Conclusion
optimization and control system
area is still needed for
improving the systems
performance
• Various literatures related to hybrid renewable
•Found that research and
Weienergy systemsthe current status of solar
Zhou (2010) •Reviewed
wind hybrid system by simulation,
development effort in this
et al
Nowshad Amin
(2009) et al
•Studied the Charge controller
•suggested further
characteristics during load and no- research required for
load conditions
improving the battery
performance by using
smart charge controller.

8. Literature review – contd..
Researcher
Context: solar and wind hybrid
systems
Conclusion
C. Jian et al
(2011)
•advantages and disadvantages in
off grid systems.
•Designing, capacity
configurations of different parts,
•classification and features of
stored energy systems
•It is very much useful for
remote areas where
electrifications is not
available.
D. Delimustafic
et al.
(2011)
•design of a hybrid renewable
energy system (HRES).
•suggested further
research for control
systems for energy
conversion system and
battery bank operations.

9. Literature review – contd..
Researcher
Context: solar and wind hybrid
systems
Conclusion
P. Nema et al.
(2008)
•Role of power electronics devices for
improving efficiency, power quality and
reliability.
•development of deep cycle, lead acid
batteries
•Suggested research in
implementation of hybrid
systems in context of
conventional electrical
energy conservations

10. Materials and Method
• Systems/ Components considered under this
study





Solar PV module
Wind electricity generator
Battery
Charge controller
DC-DC boost converter

11. System/ component specification
System /Component
Specification
Qty
10 Wp, Ritika system
One
72W, Jindesh International
One
12V,7Ah, lead acid,
maintenance free
One
RE System
Solar PV Module
Wind electricity generator
Storage device
Battery
Controller/ converter
Charge controller PIC micro-controller based
DC-DC boost converter
MC34063A based
One
One

12. Fig. 1: Designing of PIC micro-controller based solar wind hybrid system

13. • The system is studied under various operating
conditions based on
– Availability of Solar and wind energy
– Level of generation with respect to load
• In each condition, charging and discharging
performance of the battery is investigated

14. Fig.3 DC-DC Boost converter
Fig.2 PIC micro-controller based Charge controller

15. Operating Conditions
Sl. No.
Solar
Wind
Load Conditions
effects
Comments
1
On
On
Generation > Load
Charges
ideal operating mode
2
On
On
Generation < Load
Discharge
generation of power is not sufficient to
charge the battery
3
On
Off
Generation> Load
Charge
solar energy sufficient to supply the
load
4
On
Off
Generation <Load
Discharge
solar energy not sufficient to charge
battery
5
Off
On
Generation> Load
Charge
wind energy sufficient to supply the
load
6
Off
On
Generation< Load
Discharge
wind energy not sufficient to supply
the load

16. Storage Device
• Battery
– An electrochemical device
– Uses electrochemical reactions to store electricity
in the form of chemical energy.
– Undergoes charging from solar or wind systems
– Supplies power to the load as per requirement

17. Battery: state of charge
• Battery capacity
Dependent on the temperature.
Changed according to the temperature
coefficient δc

18. • Where
Cbat´ : available or practical capacity of the battery
when battery temperature is Tbat
Cbat´´ : nominal/rated battery capacity given by
manufacturer as per standard value
δc : temperature coefficient of the battery
(usually specified by the manufacture, δc
=0.6%/degree)

19. • State of charge at (t+1) time, simply calculated
by

20. • The current rate of the battery at time t for the
solar wind hybrid system is

21. Battery :Floating charge
• The floating charge of the battery under
charging and discharging is modelled by the
equation-fit method
Where Vbat’ is calibrated battery voltage after the effects of the temperatures
The δv is temperature coefficient is constant of -4mV/0C per 2V cell

22. Battery : life time
• From the capacity models [4], the quantity of
energy the battery can the battery can
restore, according to the average discharge
current
• Where is the accumulator heating in
comparison with a 250C ambient temperature

23. • The battery voltage can be derived from
equation ( 1 – 6 ) as
– a function of charge (c),
– a function of discharge (d) and
– a function of overcharge (oc) regimes

25. Observations: Solar energy

26. Observations: Solar energy

27. Observations: Wind energy

28. Observations: Wind energy

29. Conclusion
• It is observed that the charge controller as
well as boost converters plays an important
role in the hybrid system
• The battery performance is also improving by
this system.
• The system shows most efficient.

30. References:
• [1] The energy next fifty years, Organisation for Economic CoOperation and development,
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/55/17738498.pdf, 1999.
• [2] Luna-Rubio R., Trejo-Perea M., Vargas-Vázquez D., Ríos-Moreno
G. J., Optimal sizing of renewable hybrid energy systems: A review of
methodologies; Solar Energy 2012; 86: 1077-1088.
• [3] International Energy Outlook 2011,U.S. Energy Information
administration; September2011. www.eia.gov/ieo/pdf /0484 (2011).pdf.
• [4] Gergaud O., Robin G., Multon B., Ahmed B.H., Energy Modeling
of a lead acid battery within hybrid wind/ Photovoltaic systems, EPE
2003, Page 1-10.