A super capacitor has been employed in the micro grid in order to store when energy is ample and discharges to the grid under faulty conditions

1. By
M.Venkata Saiteja
P. Lohith Krishna
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2. Contents:
Introduction
Overview of the Micro Grid
What is meant by Super Capacitors?
Super-Capacitors Energy Storage System
A)Charging & Discharging Model
B)Control Algorithm Design
Simulation Results
Conclusion
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3. Introduction
DG(Distributed Generation) refers to power generation at the point of
consumption.
The World Needs Distributed Generation that is Clean and Continuous
As the techniques of DG becoming more sophisticated, the cost of the
distributed power generation reducing, and a large number of
distributed power generation equipments growing to be run.
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4.  DG would be able to solve the complex dynamic behavior and the safe
and efficient operation of the high penetration of the microgrid is the
key to whether the distributed power generation equipments can be
used in the large-scale industrial applications.
 Current study is about internal mechanism of micro grid.
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5. A small-scale power grid that can
operate independently or in
conjunction with the area's main
electrical grid.
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6. What is meant by Super Capacitors?
It is a new type of energy storage device between the common capacitor
and the secondary battery based on the electrochemical double-layer
principle
It is reversible with no chemical reactions.
Therefore, the super capacitor can be repeated charge and discharge
hundreds of thousands of times.
Its power density is 10-100 times more than that of conventional
batteries
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7. Charge and Discharge characteristics
of Super Capacitor
Charging Mode
Constant
Voltage
Charging Mode
Constant
Current
Charging Mode
Discharging
Mode
Constant Power
Discharging
Mode
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8. Super-Capacitors Energy Storage System
A)Charging & Discharging Model
Fig . Main circuit model of Boost-Buck
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9. Charging and Discharging Model
Under Charging Under Discharging
• P1- Manages Energy flow
• P2- off
• It is a Buck Converter
• It uses a Constant Power
Discharging Mode
•
𝑉 𝑜
𝑉 𝐷
= 𝐷
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10. Control Algorithm Design
I. Process of Constant Current Charging Control
II. Process of Constant Voltage Charging Control
III. Process of Discharge Control
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11. Constant Current
Charging Control
• Hysteresis compared mode is
used
• Width of hysteresis loop
determines the tracking
performance
• If ring width is too large,
switching frequency will be
low, tracking error increases.
• If ring width is too low, higher
switching frequencies takes
place which may cause the
loss increases
Fig. Block diagram of constant current charging control
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12. Constant Voltage
Charging Control
• Triangular wave
comparison method is used
• Error will go through the
triangle-wave comparator
to generate PWM
waveform to control the
switching device Fig. Block diagram of constant voltage charging control
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13. Discharge Control
• Direct current control is
used
• Output go through the
triangle-wave
comparator to generate
PWM waveform to
control the switching
device
Fig. Block diagram of discharging control
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14. Simulation Results
Fig. Terminal Voltage curve of super capacitors Fig. Current curve of super capacitors Fig. Voltage of DC Bus
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15. 15
Summary
Overview of Micro Grid
A brief about Super
Capacitors
Charging and Discharging
Model
Control Algorithm Design
Simulation Results

16. Conclusion:
• It compensate the energy effectively when the voltage sag occurred in
the bus of the micro grid.
• It provides energy storage system to restrain the bus voltage
fluctuations in the micro grid.
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References
[1] Wu Bingbing, Yin Zhongdong, Xiao Xiangning, “Super-capacitors Energy Storage System Applied in the
Microgrid”, Industrial Electronics and Applications(ICIEA), 5th IEEE conference, pp. 1002-1005, 15-17 June,
2010.
[2] Jingwei Hu, Tieyan Zhang, Shipeng Du and Yan Zhao, “An Overview on Analysis and Control of Micro-grid
System”, International Journal of Control and Automation, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 65-76, July, 2015.
[3] Rosario Carbone, “Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids”, Croatia, pp. 21-38, September, 2011.
[4] HUANG Wei, SUN Chang-hui, WU Zi-ping, etc. “A Review on Microgrid Technology Containing Distributed
Generation System”, Power System Technology, pp. 14-19, April, 2009.
[5] LU Hongyi, HE Benteng. “Application of the Super-capacitor in a MicroGrid”, Automation of Electric Power
Systems, pp. 87-91, 2009.
[6] “Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation”, Elecrama, 9 January, 2014.

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+919160113431 +919700052897
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