Ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric materials to generate ultrasonic vibrations that produce motion. They were first introduced in 1965 and have advantages over traditional electromagnetic motors like higher torque at lower speeds, greater precision, and no magnetic interference. Common piezoelectric materials used include quartz, barium titanate, and lead zirconate titanate. Ultrasonic motors find applications in areas like cameras, watches, printers, and medical devices due to their small size and precision.

3. • It has been known for more than 30 years.
• The first ultrasonic motor was introduce by v.v
lavrinko in 1965.
• An Ultrasonic motor is a type of electric motor
formed from the ultrasonic vibration of a
component, the stator being placed against
another, the rotor depending on the scheme of
operation.
• Conversion of electric energy into motion by
inverse piezoelectric effect.

4. • To obtain the levels of torque speed
characteristics of USM using conventional motors
we require to add a gear system to reduce the
speed.
• These characteristics of USM makes them
attractive for robotic applications where small
motions are required.
• This motor achieves high speed and drive
forces, while still permitting the moving part to
be positioned with high accuracy.

5. The piezoelectric effect is understood as the linear
electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and the
electrical state in crystalline materials with no inversion
symmetry.
• Piezoelectricity – generation of voltage in response of
mechanical stress.
• The word is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to
squeeze or press.
• This effect is also reversible.
• Deformation is only 0.1 % of the original dimension.
• Piezoelectric material- quartz(SiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3)
lead zirconate titanate and occasionally lithium niobate .

6. Electromagnetic motors are notorious for consuming high
amount of power and creating high ambient motor
temperatures respect to USM
The electromagnetic motors produce strong magnetic fields
which cause interference. Ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric
effect and hence no magnetic interference.
Electromagnetic motor has high input to output energy loss
ratios
USM High positional accuracy respect to Electromagnetic Motor.

8. • Generation of gross mechanical motion through the
amplification and repetition of micro-deformations of
active material.
• The active material induces an orbital motion of the
stator at the rotor contact points .
• Frictional interface between the rotor and stator
rectifies the micro-motion to produce macro-motion of
the ROTOR.
• Working frequency-20 KHz to 10 MHz
• Amplitude of the actuator motion – 20 to 200nm

9. USM

11. Ultrasonic
motor
Standing Traveling
wave wave
bidirectional unidirectional

12.  This type of motors use three groups of
crystals: two of which are Locking and
one Motive.
 First, one group of locking crystals is
activated — this gives one locked side
and one unlocked side of the 'sandwich'.
 Next, the motive crystal group is
triggered and held — the expansion of
this group moves the unlocked locking
group along the motor path. This is the
only stage where motor movement takes
place.

13.  This type of motor commonly known under the names
of Inchworm, Piezo LEGS or PiezoWalk motors

14. • Superposition of multiple standing wave create
a traveling wave.
• Representation of travelling wave
U(x ,p)= A cos(k x) cos(wt) + A cos(k x - 90)
cos (wt-90).
• Phase difference is 90 degree

15. •The active material excites a traveling flexural wave within the
stator that leads to elliptical motion of the surface particles.
•Teeth are used to enhance the speed that is associated with the
propelling effect of these particles.
•The rectification of the micro-motion an interface is provided by
pressing the rotor on top of the stator and the frictional force between
the two causes the rotor to spin.

16. • Camera auto focus lenses
• Driving fluid
• Watch motors and compact
paper handling.
• Optoelectronics area
• In micro surgery and sensor
scanning.

17. Hence the ultrasonic motors, which is a new step
in the miniaturized electrical technology has got
many applications in small appliances because of
its high torque at low density.