The majority of India’s architectural heritage and sites are unprotected. They constitute a unique civilisational legacy..This unprotected heritage embodies values of enduring relevance to contemporary Indian society.The objective of conservation is to maintain the significance of the architectural heritage or site. Significance is constituted in both the tangible and intangible forms. The tangible heritage includes historic buildings of all periods,their setting in the historic precincts of cities and their Relationship to the natural environment.The overarching objective for undertaking unprotected architectural heritage and sites is to establish the efficacy of conservation as a development goal.

1. WHY CONS ERVE?
1-The majo rity o f India ’s arc hite c tural he ritag e and s ite s
are unpro te c te d . The y c o ns titute a unique c ivilis atio nal le g ac y
2.This unpro te c te d he ritag e e mbo die s value s o f
e nduring re le vanc e to c o nte mpo rary Indian s o c ie ty
3.Co ns e rving the ‘living ’ he ritag e , the re fo re ,
o ffe rs the po te ntial ways o f c o ns e rving a
building .
4.Co ns e rving the unpro te c te d arc hite c tural he ritag e
and s ite s e ns ure s the s urvival o f the c o untry ’s s e ns e o f
plac e and its ve ry c harac te r in a g lo balis ing e nviro nme nt.
5.This ‘living ’ he ritag e als o has s ymbio tic
re latio ns hips with the natural e nviro nme nts
within whic h it o rig inally e vo lve d .

2. WHAT TO CONS ERVE?
1.The o bje c tive o f c o ns e rvatio n is to maintain
the s ig nific anc e o f the arc hite c tural he ritag e o r
s ite .
S ig nific anc e is c o ns titute d in bo th the tang ible
and intang ible fo rms .
2.The tang ible he ritag e inc lude s his to ric
building s o f all pe rio ds ,the ir s e tting
in the his to ric pre c inc ts o f c itie s and the ir
Re latio ns hip to the natural e nviro nme nt.
3.Co ns e rvatio n o f arc hite c tural he ritag e
and s ite s mus t re tain me aning fo r the
s o c ie ty in whic h it e xis ts .

3. 4.Whe re the e vide nc e o f the tang ible o r intang ible
arc hite c tural he ritag e e xis ts in frag me nts ,
it is ne c e s s ary to c o ns e rve it, e ve n in part, as
re pre s e ntative o f a his to ric pas t.
5.While the We s te rn ide o lo g y o f c o ns e rvatio n
advo c ate s minimal inte rve ntio n , India ’s
indig e no us traditio ns ide alis e the o ppo s ite .
6.The o ve rarc hing o bje c tive fo r unde rtaking
unpro te c te d arc hite c tural he ritag e and s ite s
is to e s tablis h the e ffic ac y o f c o ns e rvatio n
as a de ve lo pme nt g o al.

4. BUILT HERITAGE
Built he ritag e me ans tho s e
building s ,artifac ts ,s truc ture s ,are as and
pre c ints that are o f
his to ric ,ae s the tic ,arc hite c tural
s ig nific anc e and inc lude natural
fe ature s within s uc h are as o r pre c inc ts
o f e nviro nme ntal s ig nific anc e o r
s c e nic be auty s uc h as s ac re d
g ro ve s ,hills ,hillo c ks ,o pe n are as ,
wo o de d are as e tc .The c ultural
lands c ape aro und he ritag e s ite is
c ritic al fo r the inte rpre tatio n o f the s ite
and its built he ritag e and thus is ve ry
muc h its inte g ral part.

5. WHY CONS ERVE BUILT HERITAGE?
The c o ns e rvatio n o f
built he ritag e is
g e ne rally pe rc e ive d
to be in lo ng te rm
inte re s t o f
s o c ie ty .This c an be
be tte r unde rs to o d if
c ate g o ris e d unde r
“ECONOMIC
“CULTURAL” and
“ENVIRONMENTAL”
altho ug h the y are
no t mutually
e xc lus ive
and ,inde e d ,the y are
o fte n inte rlo c ke d .

6. Mo g ul He ritag e

7. Buddhis t He ritag e

8. Ko nark-s un te mple

9. Churc he s in Go a

10. Caus e s to the Co mmo n Pro ble ms o f de c ay
Fung al S tain / Harmful Gro wth .
Ero s io n o f Mo rtar
Jo ints .
Pe e ling
Paint .
De fe c tive
Plas te re d
Re nde ring
Crac king o f Walls / Le aning Walls
De fe c tive Rainwate r Go o ds .
De c aye d Flo o rbo ards .
Ins e c t o r Te rmite Attac ks
.
Ro o f De fe c ts .
Dampne s s Pe ne tratio n
Thro ug h Walls .
Uns table
Fo undatio ns .

11. Fac to rs That Go ve rn Building
De fe c ts o r Pro ble ms
Climatic Co nditio ns .
Lo c atio n o f Building .
Building Type and Chang e in
Us e .
Mainte nanc e o f Building .
Building Ag e .

12. Arc hite c tural Inve s tig atio n
1.De te rmining the Purpo s e o f Inve s tig atio n
3.Lo o king Mo re Clo s e ly at His to ric Building Mate
and Fe ature s
2.Inve s tig ato rs and
Inve s tig ative S kills
4.Arc hite c tural Evide nc e : S tudying the Fabri
the His to ric Building :
5.Afte r Arc hite c tural Inve s tig atio n :
We ig hing the Evide nc e
6.Ke e ping a Re s po ns ible Re c o rd fo r
Future Inve s tig ato rs

13. Maintainanc e and re building o f o ld mas o nary
His to ric al Co nte xt Mo rtar fo r Bric k and S to ne Jo inting S tyle s in Bric k and S to ne
Ins pe c ting & Analyzing Mas o nry Pro ble ms
Trac e s o f tuc k po inting
Bric k damag e d by De te rio ratio n o f pure
s andblas ting lime mo rtar
Mas o nry Re pair Pro c e dure s
Re building
Re po inting
Po o r e xample
Exc e lle nt e xample

14. Re pairing wo o dwo rk
Hand finis he d pe rio d de tail S truc tural me mbe r
Re pairing windo ws frame re pair
Po rc h balus trade re pair Re pro duc tio n o f ne we l po s t Typic al wro ug ht
damag e

15. S truc tural re s to ratio n and re pairs Paint analys is
e xpe rt Bo b
Furho ff
wo rking
in the
Campbe ll
Parlo r, 1998.
© Campbe ll
Ho us e
Fo undatio n
2004
The e xte rio r re s to ratio n , 2001.
© Campbe ll Ho us e Fo undatio n 2004
A re pre s e ntative
e xample is the
Philade lphia
Natio nal
Bank building ,
Artis t drawing fo r
re s to ring
the Parlo r c e iling .
© Campbe ll Ho us e
Fo undatio n 2004

16. Co ns e rvatio n o f iro n and s te e l
Re c o ns truc tio n and re building
Parts o f He re fo rd s c re e n
The He re fo rd S c re e n .
Wro ug ht iro n
trac e ry arc h , s ho wing the
re s to re d
paint and g ilding s c he me
and the intric ate
as s e mbly
o f the parts

17. Wo rking te c hnique s
The plas te r de c o ratio ns
ve ry o fte n have the ir
ide al fro m antique Gre e k
and Ro man te mple s and
arc hite c ture .
The re fo re the y imply a
numbe r o f typic al mo uld
e le me nts fro m the s e
mo de ls ,e le me nts whic h
als o are re pe ate d in
jo ine ry , mas o nry , wo o d -
and s to ne c arving as
we ll as inte rio r s tuc c o
wo rk.

18. Typic al e le me nts o f plas te r de c o ratio ns o n fac ade s
The plas te r
de c o ratio ns mig ht
lo o k e xac tly
like de c o ratio ns in
natural s to ne s ,
but was muc h
c he ape r to pro duc e .
The primary purpo s e
and e ffe c t o f the
plas te r de c o ratio ns
is the re fo re to imitate
and lo o k like natural
s to ne de c o ratio ns

19. The Mainte nanc e and Re pair
Arc hite c tural Cas t Iro n
» De te rio ratio n
» Co nditio n As s e s s me nt
» Cle aning and Paint Re mo val
» Painting and Co ating S ys te ms
» Caulking , Patc hing , and
Me c hanic al Re pairs
» Duplic atio n and Re plac e me nt
» Dis mantling and As s e mbly
» S ubs titute Mate rials
»Mainte nanc e

20. Pre s e rvatio n
o f His to ric
Co nc re te
»His to ric al Ove rvie w
» Caus e s o f Co nc re te
De te rio ratio n
» Majo r S ig n o f Co nc re te
De te rio ratio n
» Planning fo r Co nc re te
Pre s e rvatio n
» Co nc re te Re pair

21. Exte rio r Paint Pro ble ms
»Tre ating Paint Pro ble ms
» Jus tific atio n fo r Paint Re mo val
» Paint Re mo val Pre c autio ns
» Re painting His to ric Building s
fo r Co s me tic Re as o ns
» Co nditio ns /Re c o mme nde d
Tre atme nts
» S e le c ting the S afe s t
Me tho d to Re mo ve Paint
» Ge ne ral Paint Type
Re c o mme ndatio ns

22. The Re pair o f
His to ric Wo o de n Windo ws
» Arc hite c tural o r His to ric al S ig nific anc e
» Phys ic al Evaluatio n
» Re pair Clas s I: Ro utine Mainte nanc e
» Re pair Clas s II: S tabilizatio n
» Re pair Clas s III: S plic e s and Parts
Re plac e me nt
»We athe rizatio n
» Windo w Re plac e me nt

23. Pre s e rving His to ric
Ce ramic Tile Flo o rs
The Tile -Making Pro c e s s
Ce ramic Flo o r Tile Type s
Laying His to ric Tile Flo o rs
Pre s e rvatio n and Mainte nanc e
Damag e and De te rio ratio n
Pro ble ms
Re pair and Re plac e me nt

24. THE REVITALIS ATION OF THE
GARDENS OF EMPEROR HUMAYUN’S TOMB ,
DELHI, INDIA
A r ch I t ect u r a l con s er v a t I on

25. A r ch I t ect u r a l con s er v a t I on

26. A r ch I t ect u r a l con s er v a t I on

27. The re habilitatio n pro je c t inc lude d the fo llo wing main
e le me nts :
· Re ins tating the walkways and c o ns e rving the e dg ing
s to ne s ,
· Re pair, e xte ns io n and re ac tivatio n o f the irrig atio n s ys te m ,
· Es tablis hing wate r s o urc e s fo r the wate r c hanne ls and
irrig atio n s ys te m , inc luding a pump s tatio n fo r a wate r-
re c yc ling s ys te m ,
· Co ns e rving , re pairing and re building the wate r c hanne l
s ys te m ,
· Re -le ve ling the plante d zo ne s and re vitalizing the m with
s pe c ie s and arrang e me nts that c o nfo rm to the c us to ms and
patte rns o f Mug hal s o urc e s .
· S uppo rt fo r re s e arc h .
A r ch I t ect u r a l con s er v a t I on

28. Pro c e dure o f e xe c utio n o f a pro je c t
1.Obtaining ne c e s s ary data .
i.Owne rs s urve y .pre pe ratio n o f c he c k lis t fo r s urve y .
ii.Exis ting do c ume nt s urve y .pre pe ratio n o f c he c k lis t.
iii. Fie ld c o nditio ns s urve y .re c o rd o f fie ld c o nditio ns .
2.Pho to g rahing re c o rde d wo rk.re c o rd o f pho to g raphs take n .

29. 4.Pre paratio n o f de mo litio n drawing s .
i.Co mbine d de mo litio n and ne w wo rking drawing s
ii.S e parate de mo litio n drawing .
5.Pre paring ne w wo rking drawing s .
i.Exis ting drawing as ne w wo rking drawing s .
ii.Pho to g raph as wo rking drawing .
iii.Ne w drawing s .plans ,s e c tio ns ,e le vatio ns ,de tails .

30. 6.Pre paring s c he dule s
i.Inte rio r finis he s .
ii.Co nve ntio nal c o de d s c he dule s .
Windo w ,do o rs ,e ntranc e s ,g lazing .
iii.Equipme nt s c he dule .
7.Pro je c t manual
i.Exis ting pro je c t manual update .
ii.fo rmat.
iii.s tandards .
iv .Manufac ture d pro duc ts .
v .Co ns truc tio n me tho ds .
vi.te rmino lo g y .
vii.Fie ld c o nditio ns .
8.Ac tual e xe c utio n
and pro je c t Manag e me nt