Construction Of Research Centre Using Green Building Technology

A Study Of Construction Of
Research Centre Using
Green Building Technology

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
PROJECT GUIDE
MANIDEEP.MARGAM
Ms . V. ARUNA P.PRAMOD REDDY
A.LAKSHMI
NARAYANA

Content
 INTRODUCTION
 NEW ECO FRIENDLY PRODUCTS IN
MARKET
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
 STRUCTURAL, INTERIORS AND
ARCHITECTURAL
 RAIN WATER COLLECTION AND ITS
DISPOSAL
 LEED
 COMPARISION BETWEEN GREEN
BUILDING AND ORDINARY BUILDING
 CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Green building is an outcome of a
design which focuses on the reduction
of overall impact of the built
environment on human health and the
natural environment by:

Human population per sq.Km of country
area
Ye a r
Co u n t r y
1947 2009 2049
India 121 350 581
China — 132 141
U.S.A. — 34 49

Actual open area shared by number of
people Co v e r e d
Gr o u n d
Pe r s ons
St or e y a r e a l i v i ng
Tot a l ope n
of s q .f t . i n t ot a l
hous e s a r e a
bui l di ng a p a r t me n
s q .f t .
t

1 24 36,000 25,200 96

5 120 180,000 25,200 480

Need for study
People are attracted towards
a green building –
Oper at i onal Savi ngs
Dayl i ght s & Vi ews
A r Q
i ual i t y
A t ypi cal of f i ce bui l di ng w d
oul
r equi r e pur gi ng of f r esh ai r of
about 15 cf m/per son w ch
hi
pr ovi des a f r esh am ence i nsi de
bi
t he bui l di ng.

Need for study
According to the statistics
proven, these conserve 40-50%
of energy, 20-30% water
compared to that of
conventional buildings.
 The green buildings conserve:
39 % of total energy use,
12 % of total water
consumption,

Research Methodology
SITE DATA
Th e s i t e f o r t h e USP C a mp u s i n
Hy d e r a b a d me a s u r e s
a p p r o x i ma t e l y 4 a c r e s . Th e s i t e
h a s a c c e s s r o a d s a l o n g t h e
So u t h , Ea s t & We s t e r n .
Th e s i t e h a s a c o n t o u r d r o p o f
a r o u n d 8.0m f r o m E a s t t o We s t a n d
t h e t e r r a i n i s r o c k y wi t h r o c k
o u t c r o p s o n t h e e a s t e r n p a r c e l o f
t h e s i t e .
Be i n g a r o c k y l a n d t h e d e s i g n i s
s u c h t h a t t h e e x c a v a t i o n i s
mi n i mi z e d t o a v o i d r o c k c u t t i n g .

Survey Drawing No: MP-SY-2001 version R0

NEW ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCT IN MARKET
Light Weight Concrete:
Autoclaved aerated concrete (A
AC), also known as autoclaved
cellular concrete (ACC) or
autoclaved lightweight
concrete (ALC) was invented in
the mid- precast building
material that simultaneously
provides
structure, insulation, and fire

Advantages:
AAC’s excellent thermal efficiency makes a major
contribution to environmental protection by sharply
reducing the need for heating and cooling in buildings.
AAC’s easy workability allows accurate cutting, which
minimizes the generation of solid waste during use. Unlike
other building materials, AAC can eliminate the need to be
used in combination with insulation products, which increase
the environmental impact and cost of construction.

AAC’s high resource efficiency gives it low
environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle,
from processing of raw materials to the disposal of
AAC waste.
AAC’s light weight also saves energy in transportation.
The fact that AAC is up to five times lighter than
concrete leads to significant reductions in
CO2 emissions during transportation. In addition, many
AAC manufacturers apply the principle of producing as
near to their consumer markets as possible to reduce
the need for transportation.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Project Needs:
As part of several discussions with USP the definition
of the projects needs is described as follows.
The campus shall have:
 Laboratories –Analytical, Microbiology, Bio-
Analytical & Synthetic Labs
 Support lab functions – Wash, stores, cold rooms, etc.
 Lab scientists workspaces
 Administration Offices
 Meeting rooms & training facility
 Cafeteria
 Library
 Utility infrastructure
 Parking

Applicable codes and References
Architectural/Interiors:

Regulations by ICICI Knowledge
Park
Hyderabad Metropolitan
Development Authority
National Building Code –for
circulation standards, toilet
design except fire and in case it
is stringent
Pollution Control Board

Structural Design Codes:
IS1893 :2002 for Seismic protection
IS 456:2000 – for Plain & Reinforced concrete
IS 875:1987 Part 1 – Code of practice for design loads for building &
structure- dead loads
IS 875:1987 Part 2 – Code of practice for design loads for building
& structure imposed loads
IS 875:1987 Part 3 – Code of practice for design loads for building
& structure- wind loads
IS 800: Code of practice for General construction in Structural
steel
IS 1893:1984: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structure
SP16:1980 – Design aids reinforced Concrete to IS:456-1978
IS 1904 Indian Standard Code of practice for design & construction
of foundations in Soil: General Requirements
IS 2950 Indian Standard Code of practice for design & construction
of raft foundation (Part – 1)
IS 2974 Code of practice for design & construction of machine
foundation.
SP 34 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement & detailing
IRC 57 - Design of Rigid pavements.
IS 1786:1985 – Code of practice for reinforcing Steel
IS: 8112-1989- Ordinary Portland Cement

Safety:
Safety is one of the prime aspects for the design
and functioning of this facility. The safety aspects
covered in this section are related to the design
aspects for this facility.

Architecture:
All access ways –vertical or horizontal shall be
disabled friendly –use of ramps, elevators, grab
bars etc.
All labs shall have minimum 2 exits to cater to
escape routes.
Fire escape staircases have been provided at
strategic locations for a max. Travel distance of
45m (as per NBC).
Safety shower & eye washes are provided at
strategic locations.
All exit corridors shall not have any
obstructions & the clear widths shall be
maintained Panic bars shall be provided at fire

Safety and Security system
All access control doors shall be deactivated in
case of fire which shall be connected to the Fire
panel. Smoke and heat detectors shall be
provided in all spaces and connected to the fire
panel.
The PA system shall be activated in case of fire
and announcement shall be made to make the
users aware of an emergency situation.
CCTV system is being proposed to monitor the
site periphery. The cameras shall be placed at
strategic locations on the compound wall.
Cameras are also proposed in entry/exit points
and in the buildings.

Laboratory design
Ventilated reagent storages are
proposed for storing of reagents to
ensure that the solvent vapours are
extracted out of the lab.
All volatile and flammable chemicals
shall be handled inside the fume hood.
All Laboratory equipment shall have
emergency shutdown procedures that are
posted on equipment or near to the
equipment.
All Laboratory scientists must know the
location and proper use of all
Laboratory safety equipment, including
first aid kit(s), eyewash, fire

STRUCTURAL,INTERIORS AND ARCHITECTURAL
General building design
procedure:
Step 1: Plan the approximate layout of the building
Step 2: Calculate dead and snow load
Step 3: Design steel roof decks
Step 4: Select OWSJ’s (Open Web Steel Joist)
Step 5: Design beam
Step 6: Design column
Step 7: Design steel column bore plates
Step 8: Design footing
Step 9: Create engineering drawing
Step 10: Final check and submission.

Design Philosophy and Approach
for the Structural Design
The basic aim of structural design of the buildings
is to ensure the achievement of satisfactory behavior
during the intended design life. With appropriate
degree of safety they should sustain all the loads
coming during construction and use. Adequate
durability and fire resistance are other major factors
governing the design.

Robustness:
Proposed Structures are planned and designed, so that
they are not unreasonably Susceptible to effects of
accident wherein damage to small area of failure of
single element may lead to collapse of major portions
of the structure.

Serviceability:
The design properties of materials and the design
loads comply with design codes specified in later part
of this report and would typically include:

i. Deflection Criteria:
Deflection due to vertical loading:
Final deflection below level of supports should not be
greater than l/250 where l is the span of the member
or the length of the cantilever. Deflection after
installation of elements such as cladding and
partitions not greater than l/500 or 20mm whichever
is lesser.

ii. Response to wind loads:
Limiting the deflection to h/500 under design
conditions and the storey drift to 0.04 *Storey height

iii. Cracking of concrete:
Design surface crack width due to applied loads or
thermal or shrinkage effects not greater than 0.3 mm

iv. Vibrations:
By avoidance of discomfort or alarm to occupants,
structural damage or interference with proper functioning

v. Durability:
Durability is achieved by integration of all aspects of
design material and construction technology. The
environmental effect to which the concrete or steel is
exposed is taken into account during the design by
providing adequate cover to reinforcement and use of
protective coatings to structural steel works.

The nominal cover provided to
reinforcement would be:
STRUCTURAL ELEMENT COVER
Foundation and retaining walls 50mm

Column 40mm

Beams 25mm

Slabs 20mm

Stair case waist slab 20mm

Walls above ground 25mm

Parapets and Balustrade 25mm

vi. Fatigue:
Cyclical or repetitive loadings such as crane movement etc. shall be
catered for in the design of the relevant elements of the structure.

vii. Fire Resistance:
The design of structural elements is to be based on fire resistance levels
to satisfy BIS (IS 456:2000) requirements as advised.

Material Properties:
Concrete of design strength of 30 MPa will generally be used for
structural concrete works.
Columns strength would be enhanced to M35 in special cases as
determined by the Oncoming loads onto the building.

Reinforcing steel used in the design shall primarily be:
High Yield Twisted Steel bars Fe 415 with a characteristic
strength of 415 N/mm².
Welded Mesh reinforcement with a characteristic strength of
485 N/mm².
Mild steel reinforcement with a characteristic strength of 250
N/mm².

Loading Criteria
Dead and Super Imposed Dead loads:
Concrete: 25 KN/cum
Steel: 78.5 KN/cum
Screed: 25KN/cum or 1.5 KN/m² for floor
finishes
Brick Masonry: 2.2 KN/m height for 115
mm thickness 4.4 KN/m height for 230
mm thickness
Block Masonry: 3.8 KN/m height for 200
mm thickness 1.9 KN/m height for100 mm
thickness
Partitions and Ceilings for office

Wind loads:
The design wind speed for Hyderabad is 44 m/s
with following reduction factors for
determining the design wind pressure
(dynamic).
Imposed loads:
The following design imposed loads will be
used for this building:
Office: 4.0 KN/m²
Dining, Cafeteria: 3.0 KN/m²
HVAC, Plant rooms: 5.0 KN/m²
Switch gear room: 7.5 KN/m²
Store: 2.5 KN/m² per meter height of storage
Laboratories: 5.0 KN/m²
Staircases: 4.0 KN/m²

Balustrade Loading:
Balustrades are to be designed as follows:
All other handrails, balustrades and the
like, including parapets and railings to all
roofs, shall be designed to resist a static
load of 0.75 kN/m acting inward, outward or
downward, or the appropriate wind
load, whichever produces the most adverse
effects.
Balustrades, which may be called upon to
restrain crowds or people under panic
conditions, are to be designed for a load of
3 kN/m.
Geo technical Conditions:

Beam and Slab Option:
Reinforced Concrete framed structure
with 600 x 750 mm RC Columns with
Shallow beams 600 mm deep x 750 mm wide
are provided to support 200/225/250 mm
thick slabs along larger span and 450 x
600 mm beam along shorter span. The
floor panels are typically 12.55 x 8m in
most of the cases. This conventional
system of construction is ideally suited
for a low rise development where there
is adequate headroom available.
However the beam depths are kept to
least possible dimension to maximize the
head room but still satisfy the
serviceability and strength criteria set

Design Criteria and Description:
Site Location: Hyderabad, India.
Geographic location: 17.86 deg N Latitude
Altitude: 1787 feet above sea level.

Outdoor Design Conditions:
Based on the past experience with several
projects in Hyderabad and ISHRAE
Climatologically and Solar Data, the
outdoor design conditions shall be
considered as:

Summer 106 ºF (41.1 ºC) DB 78 ºF (25.6
ºC) WB
Monsoon 85 ºF (29.4 ºC) DB 81 ºF (27.2
ºC) WB

Interiors
Design description:
The block shall be basically
divided into following areas.
The reception lobby & Visitors
area
The laboratories
Lab Office spaces
Administration facility
Supporting activities like
Library, training
centre, Cafeteria

Architectural
Design Elements:
Block B1-Main Lab/Admin Block

Block B2-Solvent/Chemical Storage
Block B3-Utility block

Block B4-Distribution Block

Machinery controller

Fire extinguisher
machinery

RAIN WATER, ITS COLLECTION AND
DISPOSAL

Terrace Rainwater collection and disposal:
The terrace rainwater is taken out by
using rigid PVC pipes rated for 4
kg/cm²pressure and connected to the
proposed storm water drain available
near the building.

Storm water recharge & disposal:
Storm Water from the proposed USP
campus is routed through RC Hume
pipes & catch basins located on the
periphery of the building & finally
connecting to the external drain, it is
also used to recharge the bore wells
using recharge pits / percolation pits
located at strategic points in the

A leading-edge system
for designing,
constructing,
operating and
certifying the world’s
greenest buildings.

LEED STANDS FOR LEADERSHIP IN
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

LEED Categories:
Under the LEED certification program green building
design focuses on five main categories:

 Sustainable Sites
 Water Efficiency
 Energy and Atmosphere
 Materials and Resources
 Indoor Environmental Quality

COMPARISON BETWEEN GREEN BUILDING AND
ORDINARY BUILDING AND ITS ADVANTAGES

CIVIL WORKS:
 Usage of ACC blocks in place of ordinary clay blocks.
 Usage of fly ash upto 30% replacement of cement in
all the structural works.
 Storm water tanks used for the fire water and other
PHE usages.
 Rain water harvesting pits are provided.
 Usage of sewage treatment water for harvesting and
toilet flush.
 Roof top plantation.

SOLAR SYSTEM:
•50% of street lights are on solar system.
•Solar system, photo voltaic system for the corridor lighting.

HVAC:
•Usage of R134A for refrigerant in place of R22.
•Heat recovery wheels are placed in the system to reduce the
power.
•TES (Thermal Energy Storage) tanks were installed to decrease
the usage of energy.
•Hot water from return was used for usage of hot water supply in
toilets and kitchen etc.

ORIENTATION OF BUILDING:
 The building is facing South direction.
 80% of facade area for the glazing is on North and South
directions.
 Staircases were present on East and West directions.

LIFTS:
Lifts are used only for PHE’s only (G+2) and utility
purpose only.

LIGHTING:
 Usage of LED lighting as compared to CFL.
 Usage of sensors in all the cabins for lighting system.
 Monitoring of all the systems on BMS (Building
Management Systems).

ADVANTAGES:
 2-storm water storage of 30,000 litres each are arranged
for the storage of rain water. They can be used as storage
tanks and bares the water of about 3 day’s storage.
 Sewage and treatment tanks (STT) - Reusing of sewage
water after treatment for harvesting (Gardening).
 Fly ash is used in R.C.C works and P.C.C (Buildings and C.C
roads). In this, cement is replaced by 30% of fly ash.
 A.C.C blocks are replaced in place of clay blocks.
 Thermal cooling system over terrace (A.C.C blocks over
roof) to decrease heat losses.
 Solar lighting system for street lights and internal
lightings.
 Separate waste storage for recyclable waste material
(papers, plywood, glass, cardboard etc.,).
 Sensors for electrical lighting/HVAC system in meeting
rooms and corridors/library.
 Orientation of building (Main elevation) - openings with
glass windows for South and North direction and closed
walls for East and West directions. And glass used is of
0.38 k.

CONCLUSION
The green buildings gives the facility a campus feels, and creates an
environment of creative thoughts and interaction which will help in
exchange of ideas. The design shall also be energy efficient.
From the design point of view, the design specifications are to be
thoroughly satisfied, since no compromise can be made regarding the
stability of the structure.
Quality control plays a vital role in the construction of the structure.
The quality control department in the site is of major importance.
Appropriate precautionary measures are to be taken to avoid the use of
inefficient material.
The fire fighting system which can efficiently control the hazardous
effects of sudden fires and which minimizes the loss is importance in
this structure.

Safety and security plays a major role, because huge equipment man
power get involved while constructing these kind of huge structures.
Therefore, proper formulation of rules and regulations regarding
safety is mandatory.
The green building experiences in India have been exciting and
challenging as well. Since its introduction in 2001, the LEED rating has
emerged as a very useful tool in designing a green building. Now there is
an imminent need for service providers, who would be required in large
numbers, not in hundreds but thousands, as the movement is heading to
reach greater heights.
The green building movement is here to stay for the benefit of
individuals, society and the country at large.

SAVE ENVIRONMENT WITH GREEN CONSTRUCTION

Construction Of Research Centre Using Green Building Technology

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