conservation - a case study on historic towns

CONSERVATION
STUDIO
– A CASE STUDY
Presented By –
Aaisha Manandhar (70001)
Binisha Gurung (70011)
Manisha Shrestha (70021)
Pooja Bazimaya (70025)
Richa Adhikari ( 70033)
Ruchika Shakya (70037)
Santwana Malakar (70042)

“ A conservation area is an area of special architectural
or historical interest the character or appearance of
which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.”
12/1/2017 B.Arch V/I | Conservation Studio 02

VIGAN CITY,
PHILLIPINES
NEW SEVEN WONDER CITY

INTRODUCTION
• Capitol of the Ilocor Sur province of Philippines.
• A UNESCO world heritage site.
• Fusion of Philippines’ local architecture, oriental designs and Spanish
colonial architecture.
• Enlisted as one of the new seven wonder cities.

WHY?

ISSUES
• Tangible heritages were gradually
deteriorating .
• To fortify the sense of identity and
pride of the community about the
historic city.
• Traditional industries were also in
decline.
• the public market was destroyed by
fire.

ISSUES
• To preserve not only the tangible
elements but also it’s cultural and
historical values.
• To generate interest on heritage
resource among the users.
• To develop and sustain the city as
a tourist destination.

HOW?

VIGAN CITY MASTERPLAN (VMP)
• Started in April 1999 and was completed in April 2001.
• A comprehensive plan that includes cultural management and tourism
development.
• Outputs -
o Regulations, guidelines and policies.
o Regulatory Maps/Plans of Urban Development and Planning
o Management Plans
o Complementary Documentations
o Economic and Financial Studies

MASTER PLAN - WORK PROCESS
• Mustering strong public support.
• Agreement on objectives.
• Passage of code for a livable heritage city.
• Implementation of code.
• Monitoring of code implementation.

10 COMPONENTS OF VMP
1. Physical development -
• Surveys were done to study the
condition of ancestral buildings.
Fig. Before Vigan master plan Fig. After Vigan master plan
Very Good
Good
Repairable
Dilapidated
Ruins

4. Socio-cultural aspect:
• Various stakeholders and special interest groups were identified.
• Cultural mapping and inventories of ancestral buildings were made.
• Inventories of different activities were made.

• traffic routes developed according to the cultural mapping: most
effective routes for tourism.

3. Socio-economic aspect
Fig. Mixed used buildings. Fig. Handloom weaving.
Fig. cultivation. Fig. Pottery.

4. Ecological and environmental
aspect:
• Ordinance for reduction of
pollution.
• Historic core pedestrianized.
• Loading and unloading zones
outside the city
5. Legal aspect:
• Inventories of existing laws and rules were made.
Fig. Horse wagon in a historic area.

6. Financial aspect:
• Financial schemes for debt, fund
sourcing and paybacks.
• Entry fees from tourists.
• Cultural shows and parades also used
for collecting funds.

7. Project development:
• Sustainable livelihood projects initiated.
• Living condition uplifted.
8. Institutional aspect:
• determine institutional mechanisms that will ensure the participation of
all the stakeholders.
9. Collaboration with university of northern Philippines.
10. Vigan culture and trade centre.

RESULTS AND IMPACTS
• A bustling city with a growing economy.
• Visitor numbers have climbed from 76,000 in 2009 to 335,000 in 2012.
• The poverty rate has fallen from 45.5% in 1995 to 9% in 2013.
• Health and education and other facilities rates have improved markedly.
• Rising value of real property
BUT..
• Growing population from within and from outside.
• Higher costs of living and production reduce or negate the income OR
benefit especially of lower income groups.
• Economic opportunities from heritage enterprises disproportionately
benefit the relatively small fraction of the population that can access social
and economic capital.
• Indigenous industries are under threat.

BURGGE,
BELGIUM
VENICE OF THE NORTH

INTRODUCTION
• the capital and largest city of West Flanders Belgium, in the northwest
of the country.
• historic city centre is a prominent World Heritage Site of UNESCO
• Venice of the North - a canal city
• Strategic location at crossroads between Nothern and Southen trade
routes- Golden Inlet

GROWTH OF THE CORE CITY

ARCHITECTURAL DIVERSITY
sandy limestone and wooden
facades.
17th
Typical Gothic
(brick) style
13th
Gothic architecture
15th
18th
Boroque & Rocco Style
19th
Monumental Neoclassical
style And Neo-Gothic
CENTURY

WHY?

ISSUES
•“Golden Inlet” started to slit –
degrade in Commerce
• The withdrawal of the residential
function from the city which leads
to vacant buildings
•Post war - capital of West Flanders
- accommodate headquarter
functions, offices, health facilities

ISSUES
• Inner city with its canals and narrow
streets- proliferation of motorised traffic in
the city centre – parking in squares
• Ongoing demolition of the historical
heritage.

HOW?

EVALUATION STRUCTURE PLAN 1972
• Master Plan of 1972 reacted to those negative trends.
• Spatial planning was based on seven cornerstones that were to benefit
the liveability of the city centre:
• improvement of the liveability and the quality of the houses
• preservation of the architectural heritage by drawing up a heritage
evaluation map, additional protection and a revision of the grant for
unprotected, valuable heritage.
• starting up social housing for the elderly and socially vulnerable;
• strengthening multi-day tourism;
• improvement of the mobility and quality of the urban space;
• cleaning the moats, ponds and water drainage;
• active green management for the preservation of the open, green
space in the city centre.

Masterplan
of 1972
Municipal Building
Regulation of 1993
Spatial Policy
Plan of 1996
Municipal
Spatial Master
Plan of 2000

OBJECTIVES - Municipal Spatial Master Plan of 2000
• Burges as a
o Central city
o Residential city
o Economic pole
o Tourist centre on the coast
o Accessible city
o City between polders and woods
o City of monuments

ACTION PLAN
• The city of Bruges started with a ‘heritage evaluation map’ of the
entire city.
• Goal is to identify and describe each of the 10.054 buildings. There are 7
categories:
0: iconic buildings, landmarks
1: buildings with important heritage value;
2: buildings with heritage value;
3: buildings with limited heritage value and/or important in the cityscape
4: buildings that support the context/cityscape
5: neutral buildings
6: buildings that conflict in scale, material,… with the context

ACTION PLANS IMPLEMENTED

12/1/2017 B.Arch V/I | Conservation Studio 3412/1/2017 B.Arch V/I | Conservation Studio 34
ACTION 1-
Thematical Urban
Execution Plan
ACTION 4 -
Revaluation Plan
ACTION 3- High Rise
Plan
ACTION 2 - Partial
Plans
• Focuses on the
cityscape and offers
the same possibilities,
but is more flexible
• includes the most
important (historic)
roads, squares, views
and landscapes.
• Goal is to obtain
regulations for
future growth and
possible high rise.
• Cityscapes that are
listed as
‘monument’, a
Revaluation plan
can be Made
• Research of a specific
part of the city.
• no legal basis but can
be adopted in Urban
Execution Plans.
ACTION 5 -
Communication
and education

• Financial grants for the
restoration of heritage buildings
Today, 50% of the costs of restoring
all the facades and roofs that are
visible from the street can be
reimbursed by the city.
• Preservation of the universal heritage values combined with sustainable
growth of living, culture, shopping, tourism, etc.
• repaired and revalued;
• protected against decline and depreciation.

TOURISM ASPECT
• Two major axes : Principal
Monument Axis & Cultural Activity
Axis
• Commercial floor space increased in
and around three streets in the
heart of the city
• limiting motorized transport in the
central area
• broadening of pavements and
reduction of the carriage way - one
way cycle lanes.
• Restriction from entering the area
within the city walls – more Hotels,
i.e. from entering the area within-
reducing the quick-fix one hour
round-tour visitor to long term visit

RESULTS AND IMPACT
• A more equitable balance between market
forces and the needs of local inhabitants.
• Initial policy of encouraging more hotels to
attract longer stay- new hotel construction
in the inner-city
• “Squatted” by low-income migrating
population groups seeking to find an urban
dwelling after the war.
• stressing the belief that urban regeneration
does not equal physical regeneration.

PONDICHERRY,
INDIA
THE BOULEVARD TOWN

INTRODUCTION
• A heritage city with rich cultural diversity - Situated in Puducherry district -
one of the major reasons being the cross cultural ‘Indo- French’ influence on
the town.
• A strong enclosure, with curtain walls, bastions, parapets and a ditch all
round the city.
• Impressive gates were erected to the North and the West, and the streets
leading to these gates became the main arteries of the town.
• The removal of fortifications in 1850s led to flattened ramparts, which
formed the boulevards of Pondicherry today.
• The Canal became central to its evolving landscape – separates the French
and the Tamil quarters.

CHARACTERISTICS
• The boulevard town -Inherited significant architectural heritage from
the French period - well- planned grid pattern layout (conceived by
the Dutch between (1673-1700)
• The two distinct settlements - French and Tamil.
• French street - mansion type houses with garden and courtyards.
• Tamil street - tiled lined verandahs and sitting platform.
• A synthesis of the two styles has resulted in a unique ‘Franco- Tamil’
architectural identity.

WHY?

ISSUES
• Population increased at the rate of 30% in a census.
• Stress on infrastructure facilities and urban amenities, shortage in
housing, traffic congestion, degraded socio-economic conditions and
deteriorated environment.
• Rapid change in streetscape.
• Commercial pressure and lack of awareness.
• Loss of heritage building with replacement of concrete structure.

OBJECTIVES
• To achieve urban and economic development through the heritage
preservation initiatives.
• To address urban and environmental issues and enhance
residents’ quality of life
• To develop global networking and introduce a participative process.
• Decentralized planning and management.
• To encourage the exchange of information between partner cities.

HOW?

• From 1987 to 1995 INTACH, together with EFEO, prepared an inventory
of heritage – value buildings in the old town.

Matching grant scheme
• Improving survival rate of listed heritage buildings by INTAC, which downsized to
1200 in a span of just 5 years.
Model Street Restoration Programme
• To show case typical Tamil streetscape.

Heritage Walk
• To highlight the rich architectural heritage, bring a sense of pride
to the residents.

Grand Bazaar restoration
• The traditional market place of the town.
• Issues - Inconvenient access, parking problems,
garbage dumping, clogged drains, dilapidated
structures and inadequate civic amenities.
• New entrance gate, signboards, repair of damaged
structures, repainting of the clock tower, renovation of
toilets etc.
Solid waste management
• Introduction of segregation system for waste
collection and disposal.
• Collection of organic and inorganic waste.
• Provision of dust bins.
• Organic waste was composted while recycled waste
were segregated at the community-recycling center.

Battery charging station
• Efficient non-polluting transport system.
• Two nonpolluting vehicles acquired for transporting
tourists on a heritage tour.
• Replaced the noisy tractors and lorries.
Result and Impacts
• The Vysial Street project lifted the feeling of ownership and pride and also
increased the property value.
• Creating jobs related to increased restoration activity.
• In 9 years, Pondicherry’s tourist population has nearly doubled, from 0.59
million in 2004 to 1.1 million in 2011.
Setbacks
• the employment generation is limited to tourist related activities.
• The idea of inspiring further authorities and to continue and expand on its
own, could not be achieved.

• Developing the infrastructures.
• Pedestrian friendly streets.
• Vocational training.
• Cultural mapping.
• Restoration of the heritages and needed structures.
• Local participation and their development.
• Active Government participation and input.
• Future continuity.
A country’s prestige depends on its culture and cultural heritage.

conservation - a case study on historic towns

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