Conceptualization, operationalization and measurement
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•3,850 views
This document discusses conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement in statistics. It defines conceptualization as communicating concepts about external realities through concepts, constructs, dimensions, and indicators. Operationalization is selecting observable phenomena to represent abstract concepts through attributes, variables, and levels of measurement including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Measurement involves assigning data to these levels based on their qualities and relationships.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
1) Measurement involves assigning numbers or labels to represent conceptual properties, which allows for replication and quality judgments.
2) Conceptualization takes abstract concepts and makes them concrete and specific by defining how the concept will be measured.
3) Operationalization determines how a concept will actually be measured through verbal reports, observations, records or other empirical means at various levels of measurement like nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scales.
Nature and-functions-of-research.
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics and processes. Research is defined as a systematic, objective investigation directed at developing generalizations through accurate observation and analysis. It involves identifying problems, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The goals of research are to expand knowledge through basic research and solve practical problems through applied research. The overall research process is described as a series of interconnected steps aimed at building understanding.
Correlational Research : Language Learning / Teaching Attitudes
This document discusses correlational research and provides examples of how to analyze correlation between variables. It defines correlational research as examining how things are related. It explains the use of correlation coefficients like Spearman's rho for rank data, Phi for categorical data, and Pearson's r for continuous data. Steps include determining the scale types and choosing the appropriate correlation coefficient to calculate. Examples show how to set up data and calculate coefficients.
Qualitative data analysis
1. The document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods, focusing on quantitative research. It defines key concepts for quantitative research like variables, constructs, and scales of measurement.
2. Scales of measurement for quantitative research are discussed, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. The hierarchy of levels from weakest to strongest is also presented.
3. The foundations for quantitative research are outlined, including developing concepts, constructs, variables, and operationalization. Types of quantitative research like exploratory, descriptive, and causal are also summarized.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research aims to understand people's experiences and interpretations of the world. It provides rich, detailed descriptions through methods like interviews, observations, and written responses. The researcher immerses themselves in the topic to understand perspectives without assumptions. Main types include case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography. Data collection involves interactions, written responses, and observations. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. The process moves from specific to general understanding through a funnel or inductive approach. Validity is increased through triangulation of multiple data sources, types, and collection methods. Strengths include understanding context, but it is time consuming and results may not generalize. Mixed methods combine qualitative and quantitative approaches at different stages of
Comparison Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
This document compares and contrasts qualitative and quantitative research methods. It provides a table listing the key differences between the two approaches, including their purposes, types of data collected and analyzed, views of human behavior, nature of observations, and types of final reports. Qualitative research is exploratory and focuses on understanding social interactions through open-ended responses and observations, while quantitative research tests hypotheses and looks at relationships through statistical analysis of structured data from larger randomly selected groups. Both methods have their place in research.
Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement
The document discusses concepts, operationalization, and measurement in quantitative research. It defines concepts as abstract ideas developed from theory, while variables are concrete and specific measures that allow concepts to be observed and measured in the real world. Operationalizing concepts involves defining variables that capture the dimensions of the concepts. Measures should avoid causes, consequences, and correlates, and instead directly assess the concept. The levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Validity and reliability are also discussed, where validity refers to accurately measuring concepts and reliability means consistency across repeated measures.
Causal comparative research
Causal-comparative research attempts to identify cause-and-effect relationships by comparing two or more groups that differ on some independent variable. It is a nonexperimental method used to explore potential causes of existing differences between groups. Researchers select groups that already differ on the independent variable rather than manipulating the variable. Common threats to validity include lack of randomization and inability to control for confounding variables. Analysis typically involves comparing means and using t-tests or ANOVAs to determine if differences between groups are statistically significant.
Recommended
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
1) Measurement involves assigning numbers or labels to represent conceptual properties, which allows for replication and quality judgments.
2) Conceptualization takes abstract concepts and makes them concrete and specific by defining how the concept will be measured.
3) Operationalization determines how a concept will actually be measured through verbal reports, observations, records or other empirical means at various levels of measurement like nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scales.
Nature and-functions-of-research.
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics and processes. Research is defined as a systematic, objective investigation directed at developing generalizations through accurate observation and analysis. It involves identifying problems, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The goals of research are to expand knowledge through basic research and solve practical problems through applied research. The overall research process is described as a series of interconnected steps aimed at building understanding.
Correlational Research : Language Learning / Teaching Attitudes
This document discusses correlational research and provides examples of how to analyze correlation between variables. It defines correlational research as examining how things are related. It explains the use of correlation coefficients like Spearman's rho for rank data, Phi for categorical data, and Pearson's r for continuous data. Steps include determining the scale types and choosing the appropriate correlation coefficient to calculate. Examples show how to set up data and calculate coefficients.
Qualitative data analysis
1. The document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods, focusing on quantitative research. It defines key concepts for quantitative research like variables, constructs, and scales of measurement.
2. Scales of measurement for quantitative research are discussed, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. The hierarchy of levels from weakest to strongest is also presented.
3. The foundations for quantitative research are outlined, including developing concepts, constructs, variables, and operationalization. Types of quantitative research like exploratory, descriptive, and causal are also summarized.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research aims to understand people's experiences and interpretations of the world. It provides rich, detailed descriptions through methods like interviews, observations, and written responses. The researcher immerses themselves in the topic to understand perspectives without assumptions. Main types include case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography. Data collection involves interactions, written responses, and observations. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. The process moves from specific to general understanding through a funnel or inductive approach. Validity is increased through triangulation of multiple data sources, types, and collection methods. Strengths include understanding context, but it is time consuming and results may not generalize. Mixed methods combine qualitative and quantitative approaches at different stages of
Comparison Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
This document compares and contrasts qualitative and quantitative research methods. It provides a table listing the key differences between the two approaches, including their purposes, types of data collected and analyzed, views of human behavior, nature of observations, and types of final reports. Qualitative research is exploratory and focuses on understanding social interactions through open-ended responses and observations, while quantitative research tests hypotheses and looks at relationships through statistical analysis of structured data from larger randomly selected groups. Both methods have their place in research.
Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement
The document discusses concepts, operationalization, and measurement in quantitative research. It defines concepts as abstract ideas developed from theory, while variables are concrete and specific measures that allow concepts to be observed and measured in the real world. Operationalizing concepts involves defining variables that capture the dimensions of the concepts. Measures should avoid causes, consequences, and correlates, and instead directly assess the concept. The levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Validity and reliability are also discussed, where validity refers to accurately measuring concepts and reliability means consistency across repeated measures.
Causal comparative research
Causal-comparative research attempts to identify cause-and-effect relationships by comparing two or more groups that differ on some independent variable. It is a nonexperimental method used to explore potential causes of existing differences between groups. Researchers select groups that already differ on the independent variable rather than manipulating the variable. Common threats to validity include lack of randomization and inability to control for confounding variables. Analysis typically involves comparing means and using t-tests or ANOVAs to determine if differences between groups are statistically significant.
Ethnography Research
This document provides an overview of ethnography research. It defines ethnography as describing a group or culture through observation and conversation. The main purposes of ethnography are to obtain a deep understanding of people and their culture in a natural context. Data is typically collected through interviews, observations, and documents in an unstructured way. Ethnography research aims to understand human behavior in everyday contexts rather than experimental conditions. It emphasizes naturalism, understanding, discovery, and challenges assumptions. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of ethnography as well as important ethical considerations around informed consent, privacy, and harm.
Section 5 CONCEPTS, CONSTRUCTS & VARIABLES
This document defines key concepts in research methods including concepts, constructs, variables, and different types of variables. It explains that concepts are categories or generalizations formed from specific instances that share common characteristics. Constructs are complex concepts that cannot be directly observed but are defined by indicators. Variables can assume different values and can be attribute, active, continuous, discrete, dichotomous, or multiple category. The document also discusses dependent and independent variables, exogenous and endogenous variables, moderator variables, and extraneous variables like confounding and environmental variables.
Concept, Construct and Variable
This document defines and explains key concepts in research methods. It defines a concept as something that helps understand a category or phenomenon. A construct is an abstract idea inferred from observable phenomena. A variable is a factor or aspect that can be measured, such as demographic or economic variables in a study of villages. The document outlines different types of variables, including dependent and independent variables; experimental and measured variables; active and assigned variables; qualitative and quantitative variables; and moderator and combined variables. It provides an example of each type of variable.
Statistics:Fundamentals Of Statistics
Fundamentals Of Statistics-Definition of statistics,Descriptive and Inferential Statistics,Major Types of Descriptive Statistics,Statistical data analysis
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
This document discusses historical research methods. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and critical evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes and effects of past events. The key steps are: 1) collecting primary and secondary sources; 2) critically examining sources through external and internal criticism; 3) objectively presenting the facts without bias. Historical research allows investigation of topics not studyable otherwise, but limitations include lack of control over threats to validity and representation of samples. Areas of study include periods, locations, and military history.
Descriptive research
This document discusses different types of descriptive research studies including normative surveys, educational surveys, and psychological research studies. It provides examples of each type of descriptive study including the purpose, procedures, and key findings. A normative survey examines typical conditions and practices to establish norms. An educational survey looks at factors related to the teaching and learning process. A psychological research study compares behaviors and reactions in different situations. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions and phenomena without manipulating variables.
Ethnography
Ethnography is defined as the observation and study of human cultures and involves learning from people by observing their behaviors and interactions in their natural social and cultural contexts. It was invented in 1915 by Bronislaw Malinowski who spent three years living with and observing the Trobriand Islands people of New Guinea, establishing the modern practice of ethnographic fieldwork. The key aspects of ethnography include preparing for and conducting field studies through observation and interviews, analyzing the collected data, and reporting the findings to provide insights into the people, activities, and cultures being studied.
Quantitative data analysis
This document discusses various quantitative data analysis techniques for research. It covers describing and summarizing data, identifying relationships between variables, comparing variables, and forecasting outcomes. The five most important methods are identified as mean, standard deviation, regression, sample size determination, and hypothesis testing. Parametric and non-parametric techniques are also discussed. Four levels of data measurement are defined: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data. Examples are provided for coding nominal/ordinal data and visualizing data through graphs and charts. Statistical tests like the t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square are also summarized.
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
PPT on Analysis and interpretation of Data Tahira Rafiq (Principal at Multan Post Graduate College, Multan).
Narrative research design
This document discusses narrative research, which involves collecting and analyzing stories from individuals about their lived experiences. Narrative research aims to understand how people make meaning of their experiences through stories. It developed as a way to understand human experiences across disciplines. Key aspects include gathering individual stories through methods like interviews and documents, reorganizing the stories chronologically, identifying themes across stories, and collaborating closely with participants. The document provides examples of narrative research types and outlines important considerations like authenticity, accuracy, and ensuring participants are comfortable sharing stories.
Descriptive research and Correlational Research
Descriptive and correlational research aim to observe and describe characteristics or relationships between variables. Descriptive research provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics or behaviors, while correlational research examines relationships between two or more variables without manipulation. Both approaches are non-experimental and can be used to explore phenomena, identify problems or form hypotheses for future research. The document outlines the nature, aims, types, steps and examples of descriptive and correlational research methods.
Collection of Data
This document discusses various methods and considerations for collecting and analyzing data. It describes primary and secondary data sources and qualitative and quantitative methods. It also discusses different research tools like questionnaires, interviews, and mechanical devices. Guidelines are provided for developing questionnaires and conducting interviews. Different types of questions, interview formats, and potential issues are outlined. Overall, the document provides an overview of data collection methods and best practices for tools like questionnaires and interviews.
Qualitative research - type of data, analysis of qualitative data, software f...
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods, including:
- Qualitative research seeks to understand people's experiences and interpretations of the world through methods like interviews and observation.
- There are several types of qualitative research designs including case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography.
- Data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and analysis involves coding data into themes and concepts.
- Qualitative research aims to gather rich descriptive data rather than numerical data, and the researcher plays a role in data collection and interpretation.
Introduction to business research methods PPT
The document provides an introduction to business research methods. It discusses key concepts such as the definition of business research, the role of theory and hypotheses, deductive and inductive approaches, quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and mixed methods. The document also outlines different research paradigms and the ontological and epistemological assumptions underlying various approaches to research.
Narrative research
Narrative research is a term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories. The emphasis in such approaches is on the story, typically both what and how is narrated.
Narrative research can be considered both a research method in itself but also the phenomenon under study.
Narrative research
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It begins by defining narrative research as a study of individuals' life experiences told through stories collected from the individual. There are various types of narrative designs that can be used depending on who provides the story, how much of the individual's life is covered, and whether a theoretical lens is applied. Key characteristics of narrative designs include a focus on individual experiences, collecting stories, identifying themes, and collaborating with participants. The document concludes by outlining the steps to conducting narrative research, which include identifying a phenomenon to study, collecting an individual's story, analyzing and retelling the story, collaborating with the participant, and writing a narrative report.
Assessment ppt
1) The document discusses the differences between formative and summative assessments and how they are used. Formative assessments are used during instruction to adjust teaching and gauge student learning, while summative assessments are used after instruction to make curriculum decisions.
2) It advocates moving from solely using summative assessments to also using formative assessments to motivate students and increase their achievement. A three-step process is described to evaluate assessment practices at the student, instructional, and policy levels.
3) Concluding that both formative and summative assessments are needed to inform different users and ensure instructional decisions are well-informed.
Descriptive Research
The document discusses two types of educational research: descriptive research and survey research. Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon and focuses on "what" rather than "why". Survey research involves collecting data through surveys or questionnaires. Key points covered include characteristics and methods of descriptive research such as observational studies and case studies; examples of descriptive research topics; advantages and disadvantages. Survey research types like cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys are defined, as are their purposes, uses and steps in conducting survey research.
Mixed method research
Mixed Method Research- Definition, Characteristics, Types, Process in conducting mixed method research, data collection and data analysis
Ppt...quanti,quali
This document discusses quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It outlines the key objectives, features and limitations of each. Quantitative research aims to measure predetermined variables and examine relationships statistically, using methods like surveys and experiments. It focuses on objectivity and generalizability. Qualitative research explores phenomena through flexible, interactive methods like interviews to understand experiences. It provides contextual understanding but findings may not generalize. The document advocates sometimes combining both approaches to overcome individual limitations.
qualitative and quantitative measurement
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative measurement processes. For quantitative studies, conceptualization involves refining abstract constructs into theoretical definitions, while operationalization connects concepts to empirical measures through indicators. For qualitative studies, conceptualization and operationalization are intertwined with data collection and analysis, with concepts refined during this iterative process rather than predefined. Both approaches aim to link theoretical ideas to empirical observation through precise definitions and measurement techniques.
The use of statistics in outcomes assessment
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data. It involves summarizing data using numbers or graphs, identifying patterns in data, and making predictions or inferences about a group based on the collected data. Statistics is useful for research inquiries that investigate relationships between variables and the effects of changes to variables. The key aspects of a statistical analysis involve planning the study, collecting and analyzing the data, and presenting the findings. Different levels of data measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Statistical techniques can describe relationships between single variables or multiple variables over time.
More Related Content
What's hot
Ethnography Research
This document provides an overview of ethnography research. It defines ethnography as describing a group or culture through observation and conversation. The main purposes of ethnography are to obtain a deep understanding of people and their culture in a natural context. Data is typically collected through interviews, observations, and documents in an unstructured way. Ethnography research aims to understand human behavior in everyday contexts rather than experimental conditions. It emphasizes naturalism, understanding, discovery, and challenges assumptions. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of ethnography as well as important ethical considerations around informed consent, privacy, and harm.
Section 5 CONCEPTS, CONSTRUCTS & VARIABLES
This document defines key concepts in research methods including concepts, constructs, variables, and different types of variables. It explains that concepts are categories or generalizations formed from specific instances that share common characteristics. Constructs are complex concepts that cannot be directly observed but are defined by indicators. Variables can assume different values and can be attribute, active, continuous, discrete, dichotomous, or multiple category. The document also discusses dependent and independent variables, exogenous and endogenous variables, moderator variables, and extraneous variables like confounding and environmental variables.
Concept, Construct and Variable
This document defines and explains key concepts in research methods. It defines a concept as something that helps understand a category or phenomenon. A construct is an abstract idea inferred from observable phenomena. A variable is a factor or aspect that can be measured, such as demographic or economic variables in a study of villages. The document outlines different types of variables, including dependent and independent variables; experimental and measured variables; active and assigned variables; qualitative and quantitative variables; and moderator and combined variables. It provides an example of each type of variable.
Statistics:Fundamentals Of Statistics
Fundamentals Of Statistics-Definition of statistics,Descriptive and Inferential Statistics,Major Types of Descriptive Statistics,Statistical data analysis
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
This document discusses historical research methods. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and critical evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes and effects of past events. The key steps are: 1) collecting primary and secondary sources; 2) critically examining sources through external and internal criticism; 3) objectively presenting the facts without bias. Historical research allows investigation of topics not studyable otherwise, but limitations include lack of control over threats to validity and representation of samples. Areas of study include periods, locations, and military history.
Descriptive research
This document discusses different types of descriptive research studies including normative surveys, educational surveys, and psychological research studies. It provides examples of each type of descriptive study including the purpose, procedures, and key findings. A normative survey examines typical conditions and practices to establish norms. An educational survey looks at factors related to the teaching and learning process. A psychological research study compares behaviors and reactions in different situations. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions and phenomena without manipulating variables.
Ethnography
Ethnography is defined as the observation and study of human cultures and involves learning from people by observing their behaviors and interactions in their natural social and cultural contexts. It was invented in 1915 by Bronislaw Malinowski who spent three years living with and observing the Trobriand Islands people of New Guinea, establishing the modern practice of ethnographic fieldwork. The key aspects of ethnography include preparing for and conducting field studies through observation and interviews, analyzing the collected data, and reporting the findings to provide insights into the people, activities, and cultures being studied.
Quantitative data analysis
This document discusses various quantitative data analysis techniques for research. It covers describing and summarizing data, identifying relationships between variables, comparing variables, and forecasting outcomes. The five most important methods are identified as mean, standard deviation, regression, sample size determination, and hypothesis testing. Parametric and non-parametric techniques are also discussed. Four levels of data measurement are defined: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data. Examples are provided for coding nominal/ordinal data and visualizing data through graphs and charts. Statistical tests like the t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square are also summarized.
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
PPT on Analysis and interpretation of Data Tahira Rafiq (Principal at Multan Post Graduate College, Multan).
Narrative research design
This document discusses narrative research, which involves collecting and analyzing stories from individuals about their lived experiences. Narrative research aims to understand how people make meaning of their experiences through stories. It developed as a way to understand human experiences across disciplines. Key aspects include gathering individual stories through methods like interviews and documents, reorganizing the stories chronologically, identifying themes across stories, and collaborating closely with participants. The document provides examples of narrative research types and outlines important considerations like authenticity, accuracy, and ensuring participants are comfortable sharing stories.
Descriptive research and Correlational Research
Descriptive and correlational research aim to observe and describe characteristics or relationships between variables. Descriptive research provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics or behaviors, while correlational research examines relationships between two or more variables without manipulation. Both approaches are non-experimental and can be used to explore phenomena, identify problems or form hypotheses for future research. The document outlines the nature, aims, types, steps and examples of descriptive and correlational research methods.
Collection of Data
This document discusses various methods and considerations for collecting and analyzing data. It describes primary and secondary data sources and qualitative and quantitative methods. It also discusses different research tools like questionnaires, interviews, and mechanical devices. Guidelines are provided for developing questionnaires and conducting interviews. Different types of questions, interview formats, and potential issues are outlined. Overall, the document provides an overview of data collection methods and best practices for tools like questionnaires and interviews.
Qualitative research - type of data, analysis of qualitative data, software f...
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods, including:
- Qualitative research seeks to understand people's experiences and interpretations of the world through methods like interviews and observation.
- There are several types of qualitative research designs including case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography.
- Data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and analysis involves coding data into themes and concepts.
- Qualitative research aims to gather rich descriptive data rather than numerical data, and the researcher plays a role in data collection and interpretation.
Introduction to business research methods PPT
The document provides an introduction to business research methods. It discusses key concepts such as the definition of business research, the role of theory and hypotheses, deductive and inductive approaches, quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and mixed methods. The document also outlines different research paradigms and the ontological and epistemological assumptions underlying various approaches to research.
Narrative research
Narrative research is a term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories. The emphasis in such approaches is on the story, typically both what and how is narrated.
Narrative research can be considered both a research method in itself but also the phenomenon under study.
Narrative research
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It begins by defining narrative research as a study of individuals' life experiences told through stories collected from the individual. There are various types of narrative designs that can be used depending on who provides the story, how much of the individual's life is covered, and whether a theoretical lens is applied. Key characteristics of narrative designs include a focus on individual experiences, collecting stories, identifying themes, and collaborating with participants. The document concludes by outlining the steps to conducting narrative research, which include identifying a phenomenon to study, collecting an individual's story, analyzing and retelling the story, collaborating with the participant, and writing a narrative report.
Assessment ppt
1) The document discusses the differences between formative and summative assessments and how they are used. Formative assessments are used during instruction to adjust teaching and gauge student learning, while summative assessments are used after instruction to make curriculum decisions.
2) It advocates moving from solely using summative assessments to also using formative assessments to motivate students and increase their achievement. A three-step process is described to evaluate assessment practices at the student, instructional, and policy levels.
3) Concluding that both formative and summative assessments are needed to inform different users and ensure instructional decisions are well-informed.
Descriptive Research
The document discusses two types of educational research: descriptive research and survey research. Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon and focuses on "what" rather than "why". Survey research involves collecting data through surveys or questionnaires. Key points covered include characteristics and methods of descriptive research such as observational studies and case studies; examples of descriptive research topics; advantages and disadvantages. Survey research types like cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys are defined, as are their purposes, uses and steps in conducting survey research.
Mixed method research
Mixed Method Research- Definition, Characteristics, Types, Process in conducting mixed method research, data collection and data analysis
Ppt...quanti,quali
This document discusses quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It outlines the key objectives, features and limitations of each. Quantitative research aims to measure predetermined variables and examine relationships statistically, using methods like surveys and experiments. It focuses on objectivity and generalizability. Qualitative research explores phenomena through flexible, interactive methods like interviews to understand experiences. It provides contextual understanding but findings may not generalize. The document advocates sometimes combining both approaches to overcome individual limitations.
What's hot (20)
Qualitative research - type of data, analysis of qualitative data, software f...
Qualitative research - type of data, analysis of qualitative data, software f...
Similar to Conceptualization, operationalization and measurement
qualitative and quantitative measurement
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative measurement processes. For quantitative studies, conceptualization involves refining abstract constructs into theoretical definitions, while operationalization connects concepts to empirical measures through indicators. For qualitative studies, conceptualization and operationalization are intertwined with data collection and analysis, with concepts refined during this iterative process rather than predefined. Both approaches aim to link theoretical ideas to empirical observation through precise definitions and measurement techniques.
The use of statistics in outcomes assessment
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data. It involves summarizing data using numbers or graphs, identifying patterns in data, and making predictions or inferences about a group based on the collected data. Statistics is useful for research inquiries that investigate relationships between variables and the effects of changes to variables. The key aspects of a statistical analysis involve planning the study, collecting and analyzing the data, and presenting the findings. Different levels of data measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Statistical techniques can describe relationships between single variables or multiple variables over time.
Measurement and scales of measurement ,by dr. thanuja.k
Measurement and scales of measurement ,by dr. thanuja.kKeyi Sahib Training College, Karimbam, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala
This article deals with meaning and definition of measurement and scales of measurement in education and statistics.What is research & process
This document discusses concepts, variables, and measurement in research. It defines key terms like concept, variable, and dimension. It explains different levels of measurement like nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. It also discusses different types of variables, constructs, hypotheses, and sampling. Measurement methods like questionnaires, observation, and triangulation are presented. The relationship between concepts, indicators, and dimensions is explained. The importance of operationalizing variables is highlighted.
03 quantitative method
It describes the nature, process and limitations of quantitative approach to social and behavioural science research.
Scales of measurement (1)
This document discusses different types of measurement scales used in research: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal scale involves categorizing objects with no order or magnitude implied. Ordinal scale ranks objects but the distances between ranks are unknown. Interval scale has equal distances between units of measurement. Ratio scale has all the properties of interval scale plus an absolute zero point, allowing comparisons using ratios. The document provides examples of each scale and their characteristics regarding magnitude, equal intervals, and absolute zeros. It concludes by citing references used.
Understanding the Scales of Measurement
This Power Point Presentation has been made while referring to the research books written by eminent, renowned and expert authors as mentioned in the references section. The purpose of this Presentation is to help the research students in developing an insight about the Scales of Measurement.
Theory building lecture-3
theory building is an important tool in research comprehension. explaining the concepts, abstracts, inductive and deductive research by finding through the stages in research
chapter 1a.pptx
This document discusses key concepts in developing research problems, questions, and hypotheses, including constructs, variables, and operationalization. It provides examples of how to define constructs and operationalize them through survey questions and measures. Constructs represent abstract concepts that are measured indirectly. Variables should be determined based on the research problem and questions. Hypotheses can be descriptive, correlational, or explanatory, and relate variables to cases. Overall, the document outlines steps for conceptualizing research problems and formulating constructs, variables, and hypotheses to guide empirical study.
arStarting1.ppt
This variable is nominal. It classifies respondents into categories (married, widowed, divorced, etc.) without implying any rank among them. The numbers assigned to the categories (1, 2, 3, etc.) have no mathematical meaning.
Group 12_ Qualitative Data Analysis.pptx
This document provides an overview of qualitative data analysis. It defines qualitative data as data that describes qualities or characteristics and is typically collected through questionnaires, interviews, or observation. Qualitative data analysis examines data in detail to understand its nature and essential features. There are several approaches to qualitative data analysis, including grounded theory and framework analysis. Grounded theory involves open coding, developing concepts, and clustering concepts to form theories grounded in the data. Framework analysis aims to meet specific information needs within a short timescale. Both approaches involve stages like familiarization, coding, theme identification, and interpretation.
Introduction to Statistics - Basics Statistics Concepts - Day 1- 8614 - B.Ed ...
Introduction to Statistics - Basics Statistics Concepts - Functions of Statistics - Application of Statistics in Educational Research
Metopen Armiya.pptx
This document discusses qualitative research methods, specifically grounded theory and qualitative data analysis. It begins by defining analysis and qualitative data. It then discusses what qualitative data analysis entails, including examining "why", "what", or "how" questions. The main stages of qualitative analysis are also outlined: transcription, organizing data, familiarization, coding, and identifying themes. Two common approaches are discussed - grounded theory and framework analysis - and their key stages are compared. Grounded theory is elaborated on in more depth, including how the constant comparative method is used in coding and comparing incidents to develop concepts and theories grounded in the data. Both the pros and cons of the grounded theory approach are presented.
Why you need statistics
This document discusses the importance and concepts of statistics in research. It explains that statistics involves gathering, organizing, analyzing, and presenting quantitative data. It divides statistics into descriptive statistics, which describes quantitative data, and inferential statistics, which makes inferences about populations by analyzing samples. Key concepts discussed include variables, data types (discrete vs continuous, cardinal vs ordinal), populations and samples. The document emphasizes that statistics is a scientific approach to interpreting numerical data to maximize understanding.
Od doc by binty !!!
The document discusses several techniques for organizational development, including strategic planning, action research, organization-wide change, transformational change, remedy, and planned change in response to unplanned change. It also provides an overview of attribution theory developed by Bernard Weiner, which proposes that people try to determine causes of behaviors and events by classifying attributions along dimensions of locus (internal vs. external), stability (changing or not over time), and controllability (causes one can or cannot control).
Data Analysis
The document discusses various topics related to data analysis, including:
- Data analysis is defined as systematically organizing qualitative data to increase understanding of a phenomenon. It involves coding data and identifying patterns.
- Qualitative data comes in unstructured forms like interviews, observations, diaries and records. Analysis is more intuitive than quantitative analysis and focuses on values, meanings and experiences.
- Data can be measured on nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scales depending on the properties they satisfy. Nominal data are categorical while ordinal data have a ranking order. Interval and ratio data have equal units of measurement.
- Common types of qualitative data analysis include content analysis, narrative analysis, discourse analysis, framework analysis and grounded theory
Non experimental design
Non-experimental design involves observing and measuring phenomena as they occur without manipulation. It aims to describe variables, propose hypotheses, and provide an overall picture of a phenomenon. Common non-experimental designs include descriptive, correlational, retrospective, prospective, survey, case study, and historical research designs, which involve methods like interviews, questionnaires, observation, and measurement to understand relationships and describe attributes without establishing causality.
Differences between qualitative
There are key differences between qualitative and quantitative research. Quantitative research generates numerical/statistical data through tools like questionnaires and focuses on measuring and analyzing target concepts precisely. Qualitative research generates non-numerical data like words through interviews and focuses on understanding human behavior and reasons for it through a subjective approach. While quantitative research aims to generalize findings, qualitative research provides in-depth descriptions and explores phenomena. The choice depends on the research question - qualitative is used for exploratory studies, while quantitative is used for conclusive studies later in the research process.
What is research
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses different types of research (qualitative, quantitative, basic, experimental, applied, descriptive, developmental), elements of research (concepts, variables, measurement, independent and dependent variables), and issues in measurement (levels of variables, problems with measurement). The document serves to introduce fundamental aspects of the research process and considerations for defining and measuring variables.
research business methodology. For MBA .
This document discusses the concepts of measurement in research. It defines measurement as a process of determining the extent or quantity of a concept using a standard or procedure. Concepts can be difficult to measure directly, so researchers operationalize them by developing instruments to measure their indicators empirically. This involves two steps - conceptualization, where the concept is clearly defined, and operationalization, where specific measurement procedures are linked to the conceptual definition. Examples are provided of how concepts like gender ratios or opinions could be measured using numerical scales or symbols. Overall, the key points are that measurement is essential for quantitative research and involves carefully defining and devising ways to quantify concepts of interest.
Similar to Conceptualization, operationalization and measurement (20)
Measurement and scales of measurement ,by dr. thanuja.k
Measurement and scales of measurement ,by dr. thanuja.k
Introduction to Statistics - Basics Statistics Concepts - Day 1- 8614 - B.Ed ...
Introduction to Statistics - Basics Statistics Concepts - Day 1- 8614 - B.Ed ...
More from Katherine Bautista
proving two-tangent theorem using geogebra.docx
This document presents the two-tangent theorem, which states that the two tangent segments to a circle from a point on the exterior are congruent and determine congruent angles with the segment from the exterior point to the center. The document provides background definitions, a general construction procedure using Geogebra in 9 steps, and a screenshot proving the theorem dynamically using Geogebra.
Grade 9 2nd Pt final.docx
1. This document contains a 50-question multiple choice test on variation equations and concepts. Questions test understanding of direct, inverse, and joint variation, as well as applying formulas to word problems involving variations.
2. Key concepts covered include direct and inverse variation, finding constants of variation, and applying variation equations to physics concepts like Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Newton's law of universal gravitation.
3. Questions range from identifying variation equations to applying equations to solve for unknown variables in word problems involving variations.
intended ....pdf
The document outlines the intended, implemented, and achieved curriculum for a lesson on polygons. The intended curriculum lists the lesson objectives for students to define polygons, identify their parts, classify figures as polygons or non-polygons, identify different types of polygons and their properties, and identify common polygon names by number of sides. The implemented curriculum describes activities used, including recitation, games, charts, and tables. The achieved curriculum indicates students met the objectives by classifying polygons, completing classification charts, and structural analysis tables.
vertical organization.pdf
This document contains schedules for mathematics classes at PSU Integrated School for grades 7 through 10. It lists the class sizes, times, and topics covered for each grade level. The topics progress from polynomials and triangles in grade 7 to more advanced subjects like statistics, probability, and coordinate geometry in higher grades. Class sizes range from 27 to 46 students and all classes meet for 60 minute periods.
horizontal organization.pdf
The document lists degree programs, courses, course titles, and course codes for various subjects including Biological Science, Personality Development and Values Education, Komunikasyon Sa Akademikong Filipino, World Literature, and Computer Literacy. The degree programs included are BSE, BEE, ABEL, BSIT, BSBA, and IN. The courses appear to be part of the horizontal organization of a university curriculum.
curriculum guide.pdf
The curriculum guide provides essential information for students and teachers. It outlines the core subjects and expected learning outcomes for each grade level. The guide aims to establish a standard of education and ensure students are prepared with the necessary knowledge and skills by the time they graduate.
TYPES OF INSTRUCTONAL MEDIA:TECHNOLOGY.docx
The document categorizes different types of instructional media and technology into two groups: non-projected media such as real objects, models, printed materials and projected media including computer presentations, overhead transparencies, films, and electronic distribution systems. It provides examples of various instructional tools and resources that can be used for non-projected and projected media in teaching.
activities and objectives.docx
This document outlines objectives for various educational assessment activities, including creating rubrics to apply fair testing practices; constructing a table of specifications to categorize objectives by Bloom's Taxonomy levels; constructing multiple choice and matching tests by identifying assessment methods and classifying objective types; and performing item analysis to evaluate test validity and reliability.
matching type variation.docx
The document is a practice test containing math problems involving relationships between variables. It includes 7 multiple choice questions where students must match relationships described in Column A to the corresponding equation in Column B. The relationships include variables that vary directly, inversely, and jointly with other variables.
multiple choice variation exam.docx
This document contains 8 multiple choice questions about variation equations:
1. The questions ask about direct and inverse variation equations and how to write statements of variation in equation form.
2. Key concepts covered include direct variation (varies directly as), inverse variation (varies inversely as), and joint variation (varies jointly as).
3. The correct answers are provided to test understanding of different variation equations including Boyle's law and Charles' law.
ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION.docx
This document outlines the roles and perspectives of various stakeholders in curriculum implementation at PSU Integrated School. It includes interviews with a student, teacher, parent, administrator, barangay officials, and alumni. The student emphasizes studying well and being an active role model. The teacher sees their role as an architect and implementer of the curriculum. The parent wants to support the school through awareness and participation. The administrator ensures effectiveness, continuity, relevance and balance to produce well-rounded students. Barangay officials can help provide needed equipment. And the alumni views themselves as reflecting the curriculum and school through their accomplishments.
Interview Guide for Teachers.docx
As a role model teacher, the interviewee's main roles are to regulate their actions according to school policies and guidelines, and act as a positive influence on students. The most important role is helping students succeed and guiding their development. A survey for teachers asks them to list and rank their main roles from most to least important. An interview guide for principals focuses on how teachers in their school perform as role models and examples are sought to justify assessments of teacher performance in this area.
On becoming a teacher FS 6 Activity 4.pptx
The document summarizes an interview with Dr. Roy C. Ferrer about the professional qualities of an effective teacher. According to the interview, key qualities include intellectual ability, social skills, charisma, commitment, and dedication. The document also discusses how the National Competency-Based Teacher Standards domains relate to the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the Philippines. It notes that commitment is especially important, as willingness is needed to teach effectively and yield the best results for students.
Multiplication Basics.pptx
The document is a table that shows the multiplication tables from 1 to 10. It lists the multiplication problems (1)(1) to (10)(10) and leaves blanks for the student to fill in the answers. The purpose is to teach students the basic multiplication facts through repetition. It was created by Katherine E. Bautista, a teacher at Turac National High School, to help students learn their times tables from 1 to 10.
Polynomials Activity
This document discusses the characteristics of polynomials and non-polynomials. It states that for an expression to be a polynomial, the variables cannot have negative or fractional exponents, and a variable cannot be in the denominator. It then provides examples of expressions and identifies whether they are polynomials or non-polynomials based on these criteria.
Arithmetic series problems
This document provides 3 arithmetic sequence problems: 1) Find the 25th term of the sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,... 2) The second term is 24 and fifth term is 3, find the first term and common difference. 3) Give the 5 term sequence if the first term is 8 and last term is 100.
The top down approach
The document discusses the top-down approach to teaching reading. It has 6 key features: 1) it allows readers to decode text without understanding each word, 2) it helps recognize unfamiliar words through meaning and grammar cues, 3) it emphasizes reading for meaning over individual words, 4) it engages readers in meaning activities rather than focusing on word skills, 5) it considers reading sentences, paragraphs and full texts as the core of instruction, and 6) it identifies how much and what type of information is derived from reading. The goal of reading is constructing meaning from the text rather than translating words.
Journey in basic education curricular reforms
The document outlines key dates in basic education curricular reforms in the Philippines from 1989 to 2013. It notes reforms occurred from 1989-2013 with additional focus on reforms from 2012-2013. Overall the document appears to chronicle major changes and updates to education curriculum over a 24 year period.
Archimedes and geometry
Archimedes made important contributions to geometry through his method of discovery and treatise "The Method". His approach involved balancing cross-sections of figures against known figures using laws of leverage. He would present his method of discovery before giving a rigorous proof. "The Method" contained Archimedes' processes for discovering many results on areas and volumes mechanically. Some of his key propositions included finding the volume of a cylinder inscribed in a parallelepiped and showing that a parabolic segment is 4/3 the size of an inscribed triangle.
More from Katherine Bautista (20)
ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION.docx
ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION.docx
Recently uploaded
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Bossa N’ Roll Records by Ismael Vazquez.
Bossa N Roll Records presentation by Izzy Vazquez for Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/nrwz52lilmrw6m5kqeqn83q6vbdp8yzpKHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
INDIA`S OWN LITERARY GENIUS MR.KHUSHWANT SINGH WAS TRULY A VERY BRAVE SOUL AND WAS AWARDED WITH THE MAGIC OF WORDS BY GOD.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN TẬP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ MINH HỌA THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT ...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN TẬP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ MINH HỌA THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qspvswamcohjtbvbbhjad04lg65waylfHow to Fix [Errno 98] address already in use
This slide will represent the cause of the error “[Errno 98] address already in use” and the troubleshooting steps to resolve this error in Odoo.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Recently uploaded (20)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN TẬP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ MINH HỌA THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT ...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN TẬP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ MINH HỌA THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT ...
220711130088 Sumi Basak Virtual University EPC 3.pptx
220711130088 Sumi Basak Virtual University EPC 3.pptx
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
Conceptualization, operationalization and measurement
- 1. Conceptualization, Operationalization and Measurement The Use Of Statistics In Outcomes Assessment Prepared by: Katherine E. Bautista BSE III - Math
- 2. Conceptualizati onIt is a process of communicating concepts about external realities.
- 3. Concepts as ConstructorsThree classes of phenomena which can be statistically measured: Direct observables Indirect observables Mind-constructs LOVE COMPASSION
- 4. And DimensionDimension is a specific aspect of a concept combined into groups or sub-groups Indicator is a sign of the presence of a concept (variable) under study Visiting a home for the aged Allocating donation for charities Giving help to street children Human Compassion
- 5. Creating Conceptual Order Categorization A process of ordering or ranking of data. Specification A process of making concepts clear
- 6. Conceptualization Nominal Definition Real Definition Operational Definition Conceptualization -specifying what we mean Nominal Definition -assigning to a term(not the real entity) Real Definition -specifying how a concept is measured Operational Definition -clarified status of a real thing
- 7. Operational izationIt is a process of selecting observable phenomena to represent abstract concepts.
- 8. Attributes may represent any of the four levels of measurement Variables and AttributesAttribute Quality or characteristics of something Variable Logical set of attributes -any property that varies -several possible values -only two possible values
- 9. Nominal Measure Ordinal Measure Interval Measure Ratio Measure
- 10. Nominal Measure describing a variable that has attributes which are different
- 11. Ordinal Measure describing a variable with attributes that can be in a rank-order along some dimension
- 12. Interval Measure describing a variable whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes
- 13. Ratio Measure describing a variable with attributes that have all the qualities of nominal, ordinal and interval and based on a ”true zero” point
- 14. Nominal Measure describing a variable that has attributes which are different Ordinal Measure describing a variable with attributes that can be in a rank-order along some dimension Interval Measure describing a variable whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes Ratio Measure describing a variable with attributes that have all the qualities of nominal, ordinal and interval and based on a ”true zero” point LEVELS OF MEASU
- 15. Prepared by: Katherine E. Bautista BSE III - Math
Editor's Notes
- The use of statistics can help in the whole process of outcomes based teaching and learning. If you wishes to teach about abstract ideas such as PATROITIC LOVE, RELIGIOUS FANATICISM, and POLITICAL PATRONAGE, it is good to know that statistics can help clarify such concepts. Ideas that you want to communicate are actually idea-images, not the physical or social realities themselves which are the subject of learning. This is the same as saying you don’t communicate external ideas, rather concepts about external realities.
- COLOR OF DRESS or HEAT OF FIRE Requires indirect observation. IDEA OF FEMALE – SIGN OF GENDER IQ (Intelligent Quotient)
- Visiting a home for the aged can be an indicator of human compassion. Then we can assign numbers, as indicators of levels or intensity of compassion to individuals, possibly judged by the way of the number of visits they made: ex 5 for Hermione 4 for Ginny 3 for Luna 2 for Ron 1 for Harry 2.