1. 4/11/2013
Work Study
• It is the analysis of work by dividing it into smaller
parts followed by rearrangement of these parts to
give the same effectiveness at lesser cost.
Work Study
• Work study may be defined as
Presented By:
– the analytical investigation of the methods, conditions and
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Reader effectiveness
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Email: anupamkr@gmail.com – determination of the way in which
– human efforts may most economically be applied.
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Work Study Work-Study Definitions
• 'Work Study is
• Work-Study technique as a branch of
– a term used to embrace
management is essential for Improved
productivity. – the techniques of Method Study and
– Work Measurement, which are employed
• Work Study is
– to ensure the best possible use of
– the systematic examination of the methods of
carrying out activities such as – human and material resources in
– to improve the effective use of resources and – carrying out a specified activity.’
– to set up standards of performance for the
activities carried out.
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Work-Study Definitions Work-Study Definition
• As per British Standard Institute • A comprehensive definition of work-study
– "Work Study is a generic term for those techniques, would be:
particularly
– It is a modern industrial discipline comprising of
– Method Study and Work Measurement, which are used in
several scientific techniques
– the examination of human work in all its contexts and
which – that evaluate the effectiveness of any work system
– lead systematically to the Investigation of all factors which – in order to raise the level of productivity, and
affect
– provide greater satisfaction at work.
– the efficiency and economy of the situation being
reviewed,
– in order to effect improvement".
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2. 4/11/2013
Objective of Work Study Objectives of Work Study
• The objective of work-study is • The objectives of Work Study include:
– to assist management – To implement the most economical way of doing work and
recommend the improvements in work methods.
– to obtain the optimum use – Investigation and Analysis of existing situations
– of the human and material resources available – Examination of weakness in the production process
– to the organization for the work upon which it is – Efficient use of human efforts
engaged – Ensure proper and efficient use of resources
– To initiate and improve incentive bonus scheme
– Setting standards for labour cost control documentation
– Standardize method, material and equipment in
production process.
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Work Study Work Study
• To achieve preplanned objectives most • Work Study may be divided into 2 distinct by
efficiently, the manger must use scientific interdependent groups of techniques.
technique for evaluation of inputs, outputs – Method Study
and process – Work Measurement
• Method study and work measurement are • The other aspects of work study includes:
two principal activities of work study which – Ergonomics
originated in the work of F. W. Taylor – Financial & Non financial Incentives
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Steps involved in Work Study Work Study
Methods Study Approach Work measurement
• It is an analysis of ways of • It involves assessing the
doing work time a job should take to
• Method Study involves the do.
following steps. • It involves
– select the tasks to study – select the tasks
– record the facts about it – record the facts
– examine these – analyse them
– develop a new method – calculate basic and standard
– install/implement it times for the task
– maintain it – agree the method and its
related time
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3. 4/11/2013
Objective of Work Study What Work Study Does?
• The objective has three aspects: • Work study measures work and defines
– The most effective use of plant and equipment. performance standards
– The most effective use of human effort. • Work study need time data to plan and
– The evaluation of human work. evaluate production/transformation
• The objective of the Time and Motion Study is processes.
– to determine a ‘normal’ or average time for a job, • Rewards systems need such data for
– by using observers performance related bonuses.
– to record exactly how much time is being devoted • Cost calculations need to incorporate
to each task. operative and machine job times
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Importance of Work Study Importance of Work Study
• Work Study helps to: • Improved methods • Standard time data
– Improve productivity of the organizations – to raise output, contributes to
– quality, – capacity planning,
– It is a systematic study of all the factors of
– reduce wastage, – scheduling,
production.
– enhance reliability and – control of staff,
– It is an effective method of determining the – asset utilisation and
– ensure safety.
standard of performance
– quality improvement.
– It helps in saving & efficient utilization of
resources
– It results in improved safety.
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Importance of Work Study Work Study Techniques
• Service and after-sales method improvements • Work study may be • The notations of activity
may be obtained undertaken using the chart are as follows:
activity chart. – Idle time is shown as a
• May ensure process improvement and better blank part on the graph
• Activity chart plots the
raw materials usage. activities being – Individual working is
• Implementation planning for product/service shown with a single line
performed by different
shading
and process design requires a detailed machines and operators
– Joint working is depicted
understanding of methods and timings. against a fixed time by a double line shading
scale. on the graph.
• In a distribution/transport system we can
evaluate logistical efficiencies.
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4. 4/11/2013
Typical Activity Chart Work Study
Both working • Work Study is a generic term for the techniques,
together
machine operator
particularly
idle working
• method study and
Time →
machine operator • work measurement, which are
working idle
• used in the examination of human work in all its
Both working
together contexts, and
machine
idle
operator
working
• which lead systematically to the investigation of
all the factors which affect the efficiency and
machine operator
working idle economy of the situation being reviewed, in
Machine Operator order to effect improvement
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Illustration
• In a system there are 2 machines and 1 operator. The
details are as below. Draw an activity chart and find
capacity utilization in terms of time.
Activity Time
For further details,…
Loading & Starting of A 0.8
Running of A and automatic stop 1.6 Contact:
A running and unloading product from B 0.4
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Inspection of Product from B 1.0
Reader,
Loading and start of B 0.8
SMS Varanasi
Running of B and automatic stop 1.6
B running and unloading product from A 0.4
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Inspection of product from Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar 1.0 / Repeat
©
A 21 © Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar 22
Bibliography
• Buffa, E.S. and Sarin, R.K., “Modern Production/Operations Management,” Eighth Edition.
Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia). 1994.
• Martinich, J.S., “Production and Operations Management: An Applied Approach”, Singapore: John
Wiley & Sons (Asia), 2003.
• Badi, R.V. and Badi, N.V., “Production and Operations Management”, Second Edition, New Delhi:
Vrinda Publication, 2008.
• Chary, S.N., “Productions and Operations Management,” Third Edition, New Delhi: Tata McGraw
Hill, 2004
• Goel, B.S., “Production Operations Management”, Twenty Second Edition, Meerut, U.P.: Pragati
Prakashan, 2010.
• Kachru, U. “Production and Operations Management: Text and Cases,” New Delhi: Excel Books,
2007.
• Rama Murthy, P., “Production and Operations Management,” New Delhi: New Age International,
2012.
• Chunawalla, S.A., and Patel, D.R., “Production and Operations Management,” Mumbai: Himalaya
Publishing House, 2006.
• Jauhari, V. and Dutta, K., “Services: Marketing Operations and Management,” New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 2010.
• Verma, H.V., “Services Marketing: Text and Cases,” New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley, Pearson
Education, 2009.
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