Introduction to Industrial Engineering: Objectives, Method study, Principle of motion economy, Techniques of method study - Various charts

1. WORK STUDY
Dr. Surya Prakash
Assistant Professor
Deptt. of Mechanical Engineering,
BML Munjal University, Gurugram, India
Contact- suryabitsp@hotmail.com
Unit 1/Tpoic-1

2. Learning Objectives
When you complete this topic you should be able to:
1. Explain the concept of work
2. Define work study/method study, its procedures
and tools used to conduct these.
3. Explain the distinction between work
study/method study

3. INTRODUCTION
 With increasing complexities of the technological world, need
to simplify the work system has been increasing day by day.
 Work study is an area of knowledge that addresses the
problem of work simplification with the basic objectives of
1. PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
2. HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY

4. EVOLUTION OF WORK STUDY
• F.W.TAYLOR: founder of modern method and time study.
• Taylor began his time study work in 1881.
• He established that each job should have a standard time, determined by time
studies.
• In the timing process Taylor advocated dividing the work into small divisions of
■ effort known as elements.
• Time was obtained for these element individually and their collective values were
used to determine the allowed time for the task.

5. WORK OF GILBERTH
• Gilbreth is considered as the founder of ‘modern motion study
technique’.
• Which is defined as the study of body motions used in performing an
operation for the purpose of improving the operation by :
 Eliminating unnecessary motions
 Simplifying necessary motions
 Then establishing the most favorable motion sequence for maximum efficiency

6. Frederick W. Taylor (1856‐1915)
• First engineer in the history studying on the time study.
• Taylor states that "...in these experiments we were not trying to find the
maximum work that a man could do on a short time but to learn what really
constitutes a full day's work for a first class man, the best day's work that a
man could properly do...”
Taylorism
• Which is the best way to do this job?
• What should constitute a day's work?
• Selection of the best worker, training, teaching him
• The division of the work equally
• Time study
– Divide each task into work elements
– Time each element separately
– Useful than timing the whole task

7. Gilbreths
Motion‐study:
Study of the body motions, eliminating unnecessary motions,
simplifying necessary motions, and then establishing the
most favorable motion sequence for maximum efficiency.
Divided work into basic motion elements called “THERBLIGS”
• There is “one best method” to perform a given task
• Bricklaying: 120 to 350 per man per hour
• Micromotion study
–The technique of filming motions to study
–Cyclegraph
–Choronocyclegraph

8. WORK STUDY
“Work study is defined as that body of knowledge concerned
with the analysis of the work methods and the equipment used
in performing a job, the design of an optimum work method
and the standardization of proposed work methods.”

9. COMPONENTS /
TECHNIQUES OF
WORK STUDY
WORK STUDY
1. METHOD STUDY
• Motion Study : Examine the
job and finding more
efficient method to perform
it
2. WORK MEASUREMENT
• Time Study : Determine the time
necessary to perform a job and its
elements

10. PRINCIPLES OF WORK STUDY
1. Must come from the top level management.
2. People made aware of the objectives and the need of the exercising
such study.
3. Method study must precede work measurement .

12. OBJECTIVES
■ To analyze the present method of doing a job, systematically in order to
develop a new and better method.
■ To measure the work content of a job by measuring the time required to do
the job for a qualified worker and hence to establish standard time.
■ To increase the productivity by ensuring the best possible use of human,
machine and material resources and to achieve best quality
product/service at minimum possible cost.
■ To improve operational efficiency.

13. BENEFITS OF WORK STUDY
 Increased productivity and operational efficiency
 Reduced manufacturing costs
 Improved work place layout
 Better manpower planning and capacity planning
 Fair wages to employees
 Better working conditions to employees
 Improved work flow
 Reduced material handling costs
 Provides a standard of performance to measure labour efficiency
 Better industrial relations and employee morale
 Basis for sound incentive scheme
 Provides better job satisfaction to employees

14. STEPS INVOLVED IN WORK STUDY
1. SELECT
Job Or Process To Be Studied
2. RECORD
All the details concerning job using various Recording Techniques
3. EXAMINE
Recorded facts critically by asking questions like who, what, when, why
4. DEVELOP
Most economical method
5. MEASURE
The amount of work involved and set standard time to do that job
6. DEFINE
New method and standard time
7. INSTALL
The new method as a standard practice
8. MAINTAIN
New method as agreed standards

16. WORK CONTENT
7
Basic work content
Excess work content

17. REASONS FOR EXCESS WORK CONTENT
8
A. Defects in design
B. Inefficient methods of manufacture
C. Short-comings of the mgt.
D. Work-man attributes

18. What next?

19. Method Study

20. METHOD STUDY
10
It is the systematic recording & critical
examination of existing and proposed ways
of doing work, as a means of developing and
applying easier and more effective methods
and reducing cost

21. METHOD STUDY
11
Objectives
Critical examination of facts
Develop best possible solution
Eliminate unnecessary operations
Add value & Avoid delays
Optimize 3M

22. ADVANTAGES OF METHOD STUDY
• Work simplification
• Improved working method ( cheaper method)
• Better product quality
• Improved work place layout
• Improved equipment design
• Better working conditions

23. 12
METHOD STUDY PROCEDURE
SELECT
RECORD
EXAMINE
DEVELOP
DEFINE
INSTALL
MAINTAIN Let’s study each step in detail

25. SELECT
13
Economic aspect
Technical aspect
Human aspect
High process cost, bottlenecks,
tortuous route, low productivity,
erratic quality

28. Example

39. The two-handed process
chart is a process chart in
which the activities of a
worker's hands (or limbs) are
recorded in their relationship
to one another.

40. EXAMINATION
A systematic and progressive series of
questions with the purpose of determining true
reasons
Based on the reasons, improvements are found
and adopted into a new method, called better
method
The use of questioning technique reduces the
possibility of missing any information which
may be useful for the development of bette49
r
method

41. CRITICAL EXAMINATION
50
A popular procedure of carrying out critical
examination uses two sets of questions:
Primary questions (answers to these show up the
necessity of carrying out the activity), &
Secondary questions (answers to these allow
considerations to alternative methods of doing the
activity)
Selection of the best way of doing each activity is
later determined to develop new method which is
introduced as a standard practice.

42. DEVELOPMENT & SELECTION OF IMPROVED METHOD
Eliminate all unnecessary operations
Combine operations & elements
Change the sequence of operations
Simplify the necessary operations
Steps in development & selection
Evaluation (evaluate the alternatives)
Investigation (tech. & eco. feasibility)
Selection

43. INSTALLATION OF THE PROPOSED METHOD
61
Recommendation phase
Implementation phase

44. MAINTAIN THE PROPOSED METHOD
62
Follow-up
Monitoring & control
Audit of the savings
Review of the approach
Evaluation of effectiveness of
proposed method

45. Work measurement…………. Next topic
Reference- The material used in the presentation is taken from various sources for educational purpose. It may be copyright of concern parties.