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1. • DEFINITIONS, SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE,
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE, CIVIL SOCIETY
PERSPECTIVE

2. Lesson 1: Social Science Perspective
1. Community
2. Definition
3. Perspectives of Community from different social sciences
4. Foundations of Community

8. definitions:

9. Anthropological Perspective
driving force for civilizations
shifts and has drastically accelarated human development
Paleolithic Age (stone age) Hunter-Gathers
Mesolithic Age (middle stone age) Horticultural and Agricultural
Neolithic Age (Agrarian)

10. Sociological Perspective
individual (micro) and (larger and broader) macro
Sociology- analyzes the history, evolution, structure,and functions of
societies. Sociology employs the observation of community in a more
sociological perspective, by focusing on the subject across agencies
from micro to macro level.
6.

11. Topics to study social phenomena:
Social Stratification
Social classes
Social mobility
Religion
Sexuality
Deviance

12. Political Perspective
power and society, “who can gets what, when and how”, economics
Politics- study of power or systems, leaders and laws.
Political science- field of study, intersects other branches of
knowledge of inquiry; it is, in fact, multidisciplinary. Attempts to
explain political action and br and the distribution of power and
authority in the real world.
In politics, community is composed of citizens guided under one
constitution or government. Each is considered as constituents whose
identification can be summed by their citizenship proven by a
contract such as passport or birth certificate granted with rights and
privileges

13. Nation, State and Nation-State-
Four Characteristics of Political Entity:
Population
Territory
Sovereignity
Government

14. National Interest- when nation meets the four characteristics for the
protection and continuation of their cultural identity to ensure their
survical and relevance.
Foreign Policy- the intersection of national interest and local
governmenance. Derivation of local policies.

15. Lesson 2: Institutional Perspective
1. Five Main Social Institutions:
a) Governmental
b) Economic
c) Religious
d) Educational
e) Family
2. Idea of Community in various social institutions
3. Epistemological and Ontological foundations

16. • Institutions- core a establishments that bind the people toward a
specific advocacy or goal.
“...when people are left to their own devicesm their inherent
power is limited so they to come together and form factions and
groups that share common purpose.”
Institutions- grand social structures that are made up
of individuals which, when viewed as a whole, exhibit
patterns of behavior that create conventions and
norms in our society.

17. Government Institutions
“The Leviathan” by Thomas Hobbes

18. • Social Contract- an agreement between a master and
a subordinate under prescribed rules of conduct and
rights.
• State of Nature- assumptioins that human was born
with the condition to devoid of social or political links
• “a person is then considered under a state of anarchy
until he or she gains a grounded understanding of
reality through reasoning and self-interest.”

19. “A government is born from this social agreement among the
governed and by virtue of compliance and reinforcement.”
“Global citizens is more connected then ever in human
history, our perspective on individual identity grander; our
freedoms, duties, and priviledges has to be established and
granted by our government.”

20. Economic Institutions
• mechanism in which goods services, and money are distributed.
• transacted by actors whose actions are dictated by the law of supply
and demand.
microeconomics macroeconomics
concerned about the
behavior of individual
actors and their patterns of
consumptions
deals with how individulas
agents' sollective actions
corresppond to the whole

21. Religious Institutions
• one of the pillars from which our civilization is built.
• men have sought meaning, the heart of the community
• we tried to understand the vastness of the skies and below to
understand the depth of the ocean, played a critical part in advancing
civilizations and has also been the reason for the downfall of many.
• Communal experience- concepts and teachings of their faith.
• huge impact in filling in gaps where the reaches of the government
fail to grasp.
• church stretch as fas as it should through social services from the
government.
• religious institutions are constant reminders of values and mores.

22. Educational Institutions
• stems in our experiences on our very own schools, where we learn
respect of authority, the need to compliance, and even the price we
have to pay for complacency and deviance from set standards and
rules.
• our first communal affiliations.
• to arm us with the needed skills and knowledge in relation with the
demand of our environment.
• citizens should, instead, be craftsment who can contribute to the
community

23. Family Institutions
• building blocks of our society.
• the formation of an organic union among kin perpetuated the
emergence of tribes and communities.
• the family and how it was structured is now understood as more of a
social design that is due to the complex functions of each member
that come together to form the foundation of a relationship.

24. Lesson 3: Civil Society Institutions
• “The greates problem for the human species, the solution of which
nature compels him to seek, is that of attaining a civil society which
can administer justice unversally.” - Immanuel Kant
• Nongovernment Organizations
• Social Movements
• Interests Groups
• Local and INternational Organizations

25. • Civil Society- people and groups, shared goals, fundamental belief
structures, and called as the “third sector”.
• combination if organizations, establishments, and individuals that
people operate outside the influence of the governmental institution.
• In the Philippines, about the spirit of community service, proactive
participation and where volunteerism can be found among many of
its social traditions.

26. Civil Society Groups
• formed based in the customs and norms of the prevailing society.
• formes under these have individuals who can freely choose ro
associate with not just one but as many as he or she likes.
• Civil Society Organizations (CSO)- composed of variuos actors, such as
other groups, organizations, or institutions that come together to
attain a particular goal that is vitally for the greater good of society.
they operate outside the control id the state and government but
works toward te fulfillment if the same ends.

27. Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs)
• formed by individuals who are willing to contribute to the cause of
the group. People who volunteer in these organizations may come
from different backgrounds, classes, and cultures.
• Civil society tap to these groups to further espand the reach and
support from the populace.
1. ORGANIZED
2. VOLUNTARY
3. NEEDS-ORIENTED
Characteristics of NGOs

28. Social Movements
• Social Movement- groups that exist for the a sole purpose or issue
and tend to fizzle out once it is attained, These movements are
granted and sweeping in its scale their impact is mostly short-lived
and fragile.
• NGOs are formal, social movements are informal. because NGOs are
less cohesive and less identifiable physically.
1. Informal
2. Issue-based
3. Progressive
Social Movement Charateristics:

29. Interest Groups
• exist primarily to push for policy agendas.
• Composed if multiplr civil society groups that share a common
agenda.
• by-product of the interconnections across societal actors.
• Coalitions are formed from these concerns (bigger scope and social
capital top ush agendas in separate groups)
• invites formal groups to join them to support social movements in
building critical mass and to push public agenda towards their favors.

31. Local and International Organizations
• formed by concerned citizens, associations, and even states.
Local International
Government Organizations International Organizations
Nongovernment Organizations International Nongervernment
Organizations

34. • Rural
• Urban
• Sub-urban

35. Rural

36. • Rural
• Urban
• Sub-urban

37. Urban

38. • Rural
• Urban
• Sub-urban

39. Sub-urban