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How society is organized

This document discusses how society is organized through social groups and kinship structures. It defines key concepts like primary and secondary groups, social categories, networks, and kinship by blood and marriage. Regarding kinship, it outlines different types of descent like patrilineal and matrilineal, and kinship groups like clans and lineages. Marriage is presented as central to kinship systems, with explanations of monogamy, polygamy, and forms like sororal polygyny. Family types covered include the nuclear, extended, single-parent, and blended models.

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HOW SOCIETY IS ORGANIZED
OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand and discuss the composition of society based on the groups that compose it; 2. Identify and define the different types of groups in
NO MAN IS AN ISLAND
Humans always move and live in groups since ancient times. Humans bond and survive together
What drives us to organize society? Is it due to our instinct to survive? Or is it our nature to build & destroy cities, civilizations, cultures & then build again?
ACTIVITY NO. 1: “Name that Picture” (GROUP/ NO GROUP)
CROWD AT MRT STATION
FAMILY
EDSA PEOPLE POWER REV.
MALL GOERS
PEOPLE AT CHURCH
CLOSE FRIENDS
RESPECT FOR ELDERS
ANALYSIS: • What are the things or aspects you consider in identifying social groups? • Do you consider yourself as part of a social group? •How does it feel being one of the members of a group? • What makes a social group?
WHY THERE IS A NEED FOR SOCIAL GROUP? DO WE REALLY DEPEND ON IT? • Everyone wants a sense of belonging • Man is by nature a social being and he interacts with others… (Aristotle) • As members, we think of ourselves as a special “WE”
GROUPS: Smaller units that compose a society; Unit of interacting personalities with an interdependence of roles and statuses existing between
IMPORTANCE OF GROUPS: 1. Transmitter of culture 2. Means of social control 3. Socializes the individual 4. Sources of ideas 5. Trains the individual in communication
SOCIAL GROUP Is two or more people who identify with and interact with one another (Macionis, 2012).
SOCIAL GROUP • It is where human beings come together in couples, families, circles of friends, churches, clubs, businesses,
SOCIAL GROUP • Whatever the form, it is made up of people with shared experiences,
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP • Group members interact on a fairly regular basis through communication.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP • Members should develop a structure where each member assumes a specific status and adopts a particular role.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP Certain orderly procedures and values are agreed upon.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP The members of the group feel a sense of identity.
NOT EVERY COLLECTION OF INDIVIDUALS FORMS A GROUP… SOCIAL CATEGORY (people with a status in common ) shared social characteristic, like gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, age, class, etc.
SOCIAL CATEGORY (people with a status in common ) women, homeowners, soldiers, skilled workers, professionals, millionaires, college graduates, and Roman Catholics
NOT EVERY COLLECTION OF INDIVIDUALS FORMS A GROUP… CROWD – loosely formed collection of people in one place (e.g. students sitting in a large stadium with interaction at a limited extent).
EDSA PEOPLE POWER REV.
PEOPLE AT CHURCH
SOCIAL AGGREGATE A social aggregate is a collection of people who are in the same place at the same time, but who otherwise do not necessarily have anything in common, and who may not interact with each other.
SOCIAL AGGREGATE EXAMPLES: •when we walk down a crowded sidewalk, eat in restaurant, •ride public transit with other passengers, and shop in stores
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE GROUPS -Motivational base shared by individual - Size of group - Type of group goals - Kind of group structure
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION is a process of bringing order and significance into human social life.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
1. Differentiation in statuses and roles on the basis of sex, age and ability.
2. Repeated activities and behavior. 3. A system of norms and values govern the social activities.
4.Control: some person control the behavior of others, and a system of sanctions maintain orderly behavior.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE The organized set of social institutions and patterns of institutionalized relationships that together compose society.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE The organized set of social institutions and patterns of institutionalized relationships that together compose society.
GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY
GROUPS ACCORDING TO TIES
Small, intimate and less specialized group. It is joined by primary relationships where people: spend a great deal of time together, engage in a wide range of activities they feel that they know one another pretty well. 1. PRIMARY GROUP
1. PRIMARY GROUP• The first group we experience in life • Members are bound to others by emotion and loyalty. Share personal and long lasting relationships Examples: Families, Factions, Play Groups, Friendship Groups
2. SECONDARY GROUP A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity. Examples: Industrial Workers; business associates, Faculty Staff, Company Employees
•Involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of one another. • It includes many more people (the reason why one another couldn’t have a lasting 2. SECONDARY GROUP
• It exist for only a short time, beginning and ending without particular significance (e.g. students enrolled in the same course at a university who may not see one another after the semester ends) 2. SECONDARY GROUP
PRIMARY GROUP SECONDARY GROUP Intimate, personal & informal relationships Impersonal, formal, distant relationships Long term, sometimes life long Short term or temporary We develop our self- identity or who we are We meet our life long partners through these Family members, close friends Work, school, associations, etc
3. INTERMEDIATE GROUP A cross between primary and secondary groups.
3. INTERMEDIATE GROUP It is a group that is large scale yet applies familial relationship with members.
How television companies package their TV stations.
3. INTERMEDIATE GROUP Example: A family where members are separated because of work, residence, and circumstances.
ACCORDING TO SELF- IDENTIFICATION
1. IN-GROUPS A member can identify him/herself within that group & which individuals feel at home.
1. IN-GROUPS Indicator: Distinct yet Abstract ethnicity, race, faith and ideology. common interests, pastime or hobbies- playing chess, cooking, backpacking, gardening etc.
1. IN-GROUPS very specific: being students of one school, citizens of a country, employees of a company etc.
2. OUT-GROUPS A social unit to which individuals do not belong due to differences in social categories and with which they do not identify.
2. OUT-GROUPS EXAMPLE: The Lasallians are Lasallians because they are not Ateneans. I play chess intensely that I do not hang-out with basketball players.
3. REFERENCE GROUPS Groups to which we consciously or unconsciously refer when we evaluate our life situations and behavior but to which we do not necessarily belong.
3. REFERENCE GROUPS The group is used to determine the reference point in so far as the kind of expected behaviour or norm one should act or manifest.
3. REFERENCE GROUPS A person can have multiple reference groups. It can be used as basis for what someone aspires to be- role model.
3. REFERENCE GROUPS Has great influence in the way we create our own identities, the groups we form & aspire us to be what we want.
4. NETWORK a series or web of social ties involving people or groups of individuals connected to each other.
4. NETWORK EXAMPLES: Connected through friendship, family, business relationship, academic institutions, religious organizations.
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS
1. DIFFUSION In networks information travel fast like gossips and other breaking news.
2. EXCHANGE Information exchange , material exchange like in multilevel marketing.
3. SOCIAL SUPPORTReferral system works well in networks in locating someone, finding a job, seeking advice & forming support groups.
4. EXCLUSION Those outside the network are excluded from the benefits, support system & information shared within the network.
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
1. SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS Groups which are organized to meet the specific interest of the members
2. TASK GROUPS Groups assigned to accomplished jobs which cannot be done by one person
3. INFLUENCE/PRESSURE GROUPS Groups organized to support or influence social actions.
ACCORDING TO FORM OF ORGANIZATION
1. FORMAL GROUPS •Social organization •Their goals are clearly stated & the division of labor is based on member’s ability or merit •Deliberately formed & their purpose & objectives are defined
2. BUREAUCRACY •An administrative structure which is aimed to enable members to meet their goals; •A hierarchical arrangement in large scale
2. BUREAUCRACY •Formal organizations in which parts are ordered in the manner of a pyramid based on a division of function and authority •Formal, rationally organized social structure
3. INFORMAL GROUPS Arises spontaneously out of interactions of two or more persons; It is unplanned
3. INFORMAL GROUPS Has no explicit rules & objectives Has characteristics of primary groups & members are bound by emotion & sentiments
FAMILY, KINSHIP & MARRIAGE
OBJECTIVES: -Explain the function of the family - Define kinship, marriage and household - Enumerate and explain the different forms of kinship by blood, kinship by marriage and kinship by rituals -Discuss the different types of families
WHAT IS YOUR OWN IDEA OF A FAMILY?
WHAT IS YOUR IDEAL MARRIAGE?
• FAMILY Is defined as a type of social institution that unites people by blood, kinship or alliance one group within a society.
FAMILY A typical family would consists of the parents & their children living in the same residence.
GEORGE PETER MURDOC Family is a social group that has the following characteristics: 1.Share common residence 2. Presence of economic cooperation
3. Includes adults of both sexes, wherein at least two of whom uphold a socially approved form of sexual relationship. 5. Responsible for the socialization of infants and children.
KINGSLEY DAVIS Family is a group of individuals wherein the relationship is based on consanguinity and kinship.
TALCOTT PARSONS Family is a factory that develops and produces human personalities.
BRONISLOW NALINOWSKI Family is an institution that passes down the cultural traditions of a society to the next generations.
TYPES OF FAMILIES
1. NUCLEAR FAMILY United Nations (UN) : a.A married couple without children, b.A married couple with one or more unmarried children,
1. NUCLEAR FAMILY C. A father with one or more unmarried children or D. A mother with one or more unmarried children.
2. EXTENDED FAMILY Families that include the other members of the kinship group such as : Uncles, grandparents, cousins
3. SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY The parent (married, unmarried, widowed, divorced) lives with his/her biological or adopted child
4. BLENDED FAMILY Remarried couple and their children.
KINSHIP
• KINSHIP •is one of the main organizing principles of society • It is one of the basic social institutions found in every
• KINSHIP •The most basic bonds are those based on marriage and reproduction. Kinship refers to these bonds, and all other relationships resulting from them.
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
1. CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP This relationships achieved by birth or blood affinity.
2. DESCENT •biological relationship between parents and offspring.
3. LINEAGE the line where one’s descent is traced.
4.UNILINEAL DESCENT tracing the affiliation of a person through descent of only one sex,
GROUPS: CLANS: A link by kin with members tracing connection through one another even if the supposedly ancestral union is not clear .
GROUPS: LINAGES: The type of link is through common ancestry using both mother and father’s side of the family.
GROUPS: MOIETIES: Are based on the association by choice with an ancestral line but the members couldn’t explain the reason for the link.
GROUPS: PHRATRIES: group of people within a tr ibe who have a common ancestor
5. BILATERAL DESCENT •some societies trace their descent through the study of both parents ancestors. In a biliteral descent, kinship is traced through both ancestral lines of the mother and father.
6. PATRILINEAL •Descent is identified by tracing the ancestry of an individual by his or her relatives from the men, sons or fathers of the families in the ancestry line.
7. MATRILINEAL •Descent is identified by tracing the affiliation of an individual by his or her relatives from the women, daughters or mothers of the families in the ancestry line.
RELATIONSHIP OF CONSANGUINITY
1ST DEGREE 2ND DEGREE 3RD DEGREE 4TH DEGREE PERSO N -Child -parent - Grandchildr en -Sister -Brother - Grandparent -Great grand children -Nephew -Aunt -Uncle -Great grand parent -Great- great- grandchildre n -Grandniece - Grandnephe w -First cousin
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE The union of a couple through legal and socially acceptable means. Kinship by is a union of two families where the family and relatives from both sides are related by affinity.
MARRIAGE •It is a socio-sexual institution, a part of the wider institutional complex of the family. •It is the center of the kinship system.
AFFINAL KINSHIP refers to type of relations developed when marriage occurs. When marriage takes place new forms of social relations are developed. (in- laws)
RELATIONSHIP OF AFFINITY
1ST DEGREE 2ND DEGREE PERSON -spouse -mother-in-law -father-in-law -son-in-law -daughter-in-law -stepson -stepdaughter -Stepmother -stepfather -brother-in-law -sister-in-law -spouse’s grandparent -spouse’s grandchild -grandchild’s spouse
ENDOGAMY The practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class or social group, rejecting others on such a basis as being unsuitable for marriage or for the other close relationships.
EXOGAMOUS The practice of marrying outside group, class or social group, which is vey common in modern societies. Means of maintaining boundaries and creates links.
MONOGAMY The marriage of sexual partnering practice where the individual has only one male of female partner or mate.
POLYGAMY The practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate.
POLYGYNY (a man has multiple partner) (a woman has multiple mate) POLYANDRY
A man marries several sisters SORORAL POLYGYNY
KINSHIP BY BLOOD 1.CONSANGUINEAL 2.DESCENT 3.LINAGE 4.UNILINEAL 5. GROUPS: CLANS,LINAGE,MOIETIES, PHRATRIES 6. BILATERAL DESCENT 7. PATRILINEAL 8.MATRILINEAL
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 1.AFFINEAL KINSHIP A. ENDOGAMY B. EXOGAMY C. MONOGAMY D. POLYGAMY (POLYGYNY & POLYANDRY)
ACTIVITY: TRACE IT DOWN!!! Trace the kinship by blood and marriage of your own family (PATRILINEAL OR MATRILINEAL). Use the sample format and give the complete name/information of each member of the family.
CECILIA & PEDRO SERQUINA EDITHA & ODYOK ADERES AMALIA SERQUINA PORFIRIO ORTIZ SERQMY KINSHIP & FAMILY PETER SERQUINA MARK JEREMY MARA JOELA DAIRA LEEDANICA LYRADIANE LIZ DIANE LIZ
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1.WHAT TYPE OF FAMILY DO YOU THINK MOST OF THE FILIPINO HAS? WHY? 2.HOW IMPORTANT IS MARRIAGE TO YOU? 3.WHAT IS YOUR IDEA OF A MARRIED PERSON?
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 4. HOW WOULD YOU CATEGORIZE YOUR FAMILY?WHY? 5. IF YOU BELONG TO A FAMILY THAT HAS A BAD REPUTATION IN THE PAST,HOW WOULD YOU PROCEED TO LIVE BY IT IN THE PRESENT?
How society is organized

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How society is organized

Editor's Notes

  • #3 1. Trace kinship ties and ties and social networks; 2. Describe the organized nature of social life and rules governing behaviour; 3. Compare different social norms of social organization according to their manifest and latent functions; 4.Analyze social and political structure.
  • #94 The unifying factor could be that two people are in love, or simply they want to care for each other.
  • #112 kinship based on blood is considered as the most basic and general form of relations.
  • #113 refers to a biological relationship. Societies recognize that children descend from parents and that there exists a
  • #115 is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).
  • #116 is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).
  • #117 is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).
  • #118 is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).
  • #119 is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).