The document discusses various ways to promote patient comfort and ease discomfort. It defines comfort and discomfort and lists potential causes of discomfort like pain, improper bedding, and environmental factors. It then outlines different nursing problems that may arise and the need to address emergencies immediately. Finally, it describes various mechanical devices that can be used, such as pillows, back rests, and air mattresses to support patients and relieve discomfort. The goal is to identify issues and provide simple interventions to improve comfort.

3.  Comfort is a state of freedom from pain,
discomfort, tension & anxiety.
 Comfort is define as “the contented
enjoyment in physical or mental well-being,
freedom from pain or trouble & anxiety.”
 Discomfort is define as want of comfort or
ease due to client or annoyance.

4.  The alert nurse quickly sense when the
client is uncomfortable, sometimes
before he is aware of it himself.
 The skilful nurse knows may simple
ways of easing discomfort & does not
Think of a sedation first.

5.  Pain
 Restriction of movements due to weakness
 Wrinkled, soiled & wet bed sheets
 Improper arrangement of pillows
 Delayed or inadequate attention to meet the
personal need such as cleanliness,
elimination, nourishment etc.
 Lack of exercise
 Extreme temperature
 Inadequate ventilation

6.  Indigestion, irregular bowel movements
 Uncomfortable position
 Too bright light & glares
 Lack of sleep
 Noise
 Fear & anxiety
 Insecurity feelings
 Interruption of daily routines

7. Identification of the nursing problems
Meeting the emergencies
Daily care

8.  Even through two persons suffer from same type
of problem/disease, the nursing problems in the
two persons will be different.
 Some of the nursing problems are:-
 Problems related to respiratory difficulty
 Problems related to body temperature
 Problems related to consciousness
 Problems related to cardiac function
 Problems related to appetite & digestion
 Problems related to activity
 Problems related to elimination
 Problems related to mental activity
 Other Problems

9.  Any nursing problem which demands
immediate attention must be dealt with
immediately.
 Follow ABC
 The problem of hemorrhage, shock & pain
may become worse if immediate attention is
not given

10.  Certain procedure are carried out routinely in
order to make the client comfortable. Such as
 Morning Care
Evening Care
Night Care

11.  Mechanical service or comfort devices are
invented articles which would add to comfort of
patient when used in appropriate manner.
 These devices relive the discomfort & help in
maintaining correct posture.

12.  Pillows
 Back Rest
 Knee Rest
 Rolls
 Foot Rests/Foot Boards
 Sand Bags
 Air & Water Mattress
 Rings
 Bed Cradle
 Bed Blocks
 Air Cushion

13. Pillows are used to give comfortable
position to the patient.
These are mostly used to support various
body part.
 Purposes:-
To maintain proper body alignment.
To support body parts in good alignment.
Help to reduce pressure.
It can be folded, rolled or tucked firmly
against the body to maintain position.
It is used to support head, neck, arms, legs &
parts of the back.

15. It is a mechanical device which provide a
suitable support & rest for the back of
patient in sitting position.
Purposes:-
To support back.
To facilitate breathing.
It is given especially for heart & asthma
patient even in post operative period.

17.  It may be substituted by a pillow.
 It gives relaxation & thus relieves pain
on abdominal muscles & on tendons
beneath the knees.
 Many doctors do not allow knee pillows
because of the fear of thrombus
formation & pulmonary embolism.
 Change of position at frequent intervals
is necessary.

19. Hand rolls are made of cloth that rolled into a
cylinder about 4-5 inches long & 2-3 inches in
diameter & stiffed firmly.
 Purposes:-
To keep the fingers free being in a tight fist.
Thigh rolls are made by folding a sheet to
the desired length of 2-3 feet & then rolled
into a tight cylinder. Thigh rolls are used to
support hips & thighs, preventing them from
outward rotation & keeping the feet in
alignment in case of paralysis, fracture of
femur & hip surgery.

21. These are mechanical device used to give
rest to feet. Sand bags or Foot board may
be used.
Purposes:-
To maintain the normal position of
feet.
To promote comfort.
To prevent foot drop.

23. These are canvas rubber or plastic bags filled
with sand. These are used to immobilize a
part.
 Purposes:-
To relive discomfort.
Used to support body part.
Used to immobilize the body part.
Used to support as in fracture bones.
To prevent foot drop or wrist drop.

25. These are used for very thin & obese patients
& those who are prone to get pressure sores. It
helps in equal distribution of the pressure
exerted on the body.
 Purposes:-
To improve circulation.
To provide comfort.
To prevent pressure sore.
Used in very thin or obese patients &
chronic bed ridden patients.

27. Air rings are made of rubber.
The air rings is inflated about half full,
Tested for leakage, covered & than placed under the
patient’s hips in such a way that the valve is on one side
& not in contact with body.
Cotton are made wrapped with bandage. These are
placed under bony prominences such as heels &
fastened in place if necessary.
 Purposes:-
To lift the hip from bed to prevent bed sores.
To prevent direct pressure on bony prominences.
To improve circulation

29. These very widely in size & in material.
These are of wooden, metal or electronic.
The bed cradle support & take off the weight of top
bedding.
These are semicircular in shape.
 Purposes:-
To prevent the top cloth if coming in contact with the
patient especially burn patient.
To apply heat in case of drying plaster casts.
Electronic bed cradles are used to supply the desired
warm in case of shock.

31. These are made-up of wood. It may be high or
low. These are placed under the foot of the
bed for various reasons.
 Purposes:-
To prevent shock.
To arrest hemorrhage.
To retain enema
After spinal anesthesia
After tonsillectomy
To provide traction.
To position in postural drainage.

33. They are round in shape & made of rubber.
These can be inflated with air.
These are used to take off the Weight of body.
Air cushion should not be applied directly in
contact with skin.
They should have cover.
 Purposes:-
To relive pressure on certain parts of body.
To promote comfort of client.

35. • Usually for pts who are propped up in a sitting
position for change of position.
• Bed table plcaed in front with a pillow on it,
patient can lean forward & take rest
• Table without pillow is used for writing & meals.
• Used for pts with cardiac conditions & asthma.
• Makes it possible to use accessory muscles of
respiration.
• Position should be changed to relieve fatigue &
prevent embolism.

36. • Is a support that is placed under patients
mattress to give added rigidity to the mattress.
• Usually made of wood/canvas & is constructed
to fit the standard hospital bed.

37. • Are bars positioned along the sides of the length
of the bed.
• Ensure patient’s safety & are useful for
increasing mobility.
• Provide assistance in rolling from side to side or
sitting up in bed.

38. • Is a triangular shaped pillow made of heavy foam.
• Used to maintain legs in abduction following
total hip replacement surgery.