Positioning involves placing a patient in specific body alignments to promote health and allow for medical interventions. Some key reasons for positioning include providing comfort, relieving pressure on body parts, improving circulation, preventing deformities, and enabling examinations and treatments. Common positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy and Fowler's positions, each having distinct uses and safety considerations. Positioning requires ensuring patient comfort and safety by using supportive devices and changing positions regularly.
Introduction, definition, purposes of maintaining proper body mechanics,terminology related to body mechanics, factors influencing body mechanics, principles of body mechanics, procedures for moving lifting and positioning of patients, general instructions of moving and lifting patients, after care of the patient, complications of improper body mechanics, conclusion
Introduction, definition, purposes of maintaining proper body mechanics,terminology related to body mechanics, factors influencing body mechanics, principles of body mechanics, procedures for moving lifting and positioning of patients, general instructions of moving and lifting patients, after care of the patient, complications of improper body mechanics, conclusion
this topic describes the normal body allignment to be maintained in order to avoid the skeletal injuries. normal standing position, sitting position and lying down position are explained
this topic describes the normal body allignment to be maintained in order to avoid the skeletal injuries. normal standing position, sitting position and lying down position are explained
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Therapeutic Positions are used to promote comfort of the patient.
Proper turning and positioning allows the health care provider to make clients, as comfortable as possible, prevent contractures, and pressure sore, and facilitate diagnostic test for surgical intervention.
To relieve pressure to new positions every 2 hours.
Three factors significant in positioning are- Pressure, Friction and Shear
According to Annamma Jacob,
Positioning is defined as placing the patient in good body alignment as needed therapeutically.
According to nurseinfo.in,
Positioning is defined as placing the person in such a way to perform therapeutic interventions to promote the health of an individual
PURPOSE
To promote comfort
To prevent complication
To stimulate circulation
To promote normal physiologic functions.
ARTICLES
Clean, dry, firm bed
Different types of mattress
Bed Boards
Pillows
Footboards/ Foot boot
Sandbags
Hand rolls
Trochanter rolls
Bed blocks
Over bed Table
Additional Sheets
Trapeze bar
PRINCIPLES
Maintain good body mechanics.
Obtain assistance as required.
Ensure that mattress is firm and level of bed is at working height.
Ensure that sheets are clean and dry.
Avoid placing a body part directly over another to prevent pressure.
Plan a regular position change schedule for the patient for 24 hours..
Ensure patient comfort.
Wash hand before and after procedure
TYPES OF POSITIONING
Fowler’s Position
Orthopenic Position
Prone Position
Lateral/ Side Lying Position
Sims’s Position/ Semi- Prone Position
Lithotomy Position
Trendelenburg Position
Reverse Trendelenburg Position
Supine Position
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Knee-chest Position
Rose Position
Other Position
FOWLER’S POSITION
Purpose
To relieve or minimize dyspnea
To relieve tension on abdominal sutures
ORTHOPENIC POSITION
High fowler’s position with over bed table placed in front of the client.
Client to rest with both hands on over the bed table/on pillow placed on it and lean forward. Leaning forward facilitates respiration by allowing maximum chest expansion.
Indications:
Patient with severe dyspnea
Cardiac Patients
Position for thoracentesis
Patient with chest drainage tubes
Relieve Respiratory distress
Pericarditis
ARDS
COPD
Emphysema
Asthma
PRONE POSITION
The client is in flat position only abdomen with head turned to one side. The head rest on a pillow, one or both hands beyond the head or at the sides.
Indication
Patients with pressure sores, burns, injuries, and operations on back
For patients after 24 hours of amputation of lower limbs
Position for renal biopsy
To prevents aspiration
NTD
Recovery positions after anesthesia
LATERAL POSTION
Also known as SIDE LYING POSITION.
Client lies on the side with weight on his hips, shoulder pillow support, and stabilizes. Upper most leg, arm, head and back.
In this position, trunk is right angle to bed.
Indication
To promote lung and cardiac function
During seizure attack and air embolism (Left lateral)
Patient with pyloric stenosis after meals.
Moving, lifting, transferring of the patient
MOBILIZATION
FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING
UNIT XII
DEFINITION: Moving and lifting the patient means transferring the patient from one place to another (or) changing the position of the patient.
PURPOSE: To prevent bed sores
Maintain good body mechanism
Perform procedures such as back care
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Positioning defined as placing the person in such a way to
perform therapeutic interventions to promote the health of an
individual.
Placing the person in a proper body alignment for the purpose of
preventive, promotive ,curative and rehabilitative aspects of health.
3. To provide comfort to the patient
To relieve pressure on various aspects
To improve circulation
To prevent formation of deformity
To carry out investigations
To perform surgical and medical investigations
To prevent pressure sores
To provide proper body alignment
To conduct delivery / labor
To carryout nursing interventions
4. Maintain good body mechanics
Obtain assistance as required
Ensure the mattress is firm and level of bed is at working height
Ensure that sheets are clean and dry
Avoid placing a body part directly over another to prevent pressure
Plan a regular position changes schedule for the patient for 24 hours
Ensure patient comfort
Wash hands before and after procedure
5. Dorsal position/supine position
Dorsal recumbent position
Lithotomy position
Lateral position
Prone position
Sims position
Knee-chest position
Trendelenburg’s position
Fowler’s position
6. Maintain good body alignment of the patient at all the times
Support body parts in good alignment by using supportive devices
Avoid prolonged flexion of any one body segment by changing the
position at least every two hours.
Reduce the pressure by body weight
7. Check
Patients general condition
Physician order
Assess self care ability
Arrange the comfort devices near the bed side
Identify the deformed extremity (support the immobilize area during
positioning)
Identify the rationale before positioning
8. Extra man power if needed
Extra pillows
Mattresses
Adjustable bed
Bed side rails
Trapeze bar
Sheets and sheet rolls
Comfort devices such as back rest, foot rest, bed cradle, cardiac
table, sand bags, hand rolls etc.
9. Explain the procedure to the patients
Provide privacy
Arrange the articles and manpower
Untie the bed sheet
Turn/lift/ambulate gently
Place and support with extra pillows under pressure points
Special care taken at pressure areas
Cover the patient with top sheet
Hand washing
Record the time, position and condition of the skin
10.
11.
12. The patients lies on his back with his head and shoulders are
slightly elevated.
Comfort devices needed
•Pillows
•Trochanter rolls
•Hand rolls or arm splints
•Foot board
Uses
Comfortable position
Examination of head, neck,
chest, abdomen and extremities
Surgery of anterior part of the
body
Complications
•Flexion contractures
•Foot drop
•Pressure sores
13. Prevention of complications
•Firm supportive mattress
•Place pillows (Shoulders and
neck, hands)
Head and the neck are held in the
correct position
•Place ruled towel or small pillow
( lumbar curvature)
•Place Trochanter rolls or sand
bags (along the side of hips and
upper half of thighs
To prevent the external rotation of
the femurs
•Use a foot board or improvised
firm
To prevent foot drop
14.
15. A patient lies flat on abdomen.
Head turned to one side
Hands held in comfortable position
Comfort devices
Pillow may be placed under the head
Place a small cushion under the patient between the end of the
rib cage and upper abdomen
16. Uses
Examination of posterior trunk, spines and rectum
Surgeries of back
To relieve pressure on areas such as sacrum, scapula and heel
After anesthesia to prevent aspiration
17.
18. Side lying position
Patient lies on left side
Major portion of body weight on the dependent hip and shoulders
Uses
Comfortable position
Relieve pressure on bony prominences
Used for enema, insertion of suppositories and for checking
rectal temperature
19. Prevention of complications
•Place pillow under head and neck To prevent lateral flexion of neck
•Place pillow under upper arm,
lower arm should be flexed
•Place hand wrist splint
•Use one or two pillows as needed
to support the leg
•Ensure that the shoulders are
aligned with hips
20.
21. Differ from side lying position.
The weight is placed in the anterior ilium, humorous and clavicle.
Patients lies on his left with left arm drawn behind the back.
Right arm may be in any position .
The right thigh is flexed against the abdomen.
Comfort devices
Pillow under the head with left cheek resting on it.
Place pillow under the upper flexed leg from the groin to the
foot.
23. It is an upright position with the patient in a sitting position in the
bed with legs resting on the bed.
Comfort devices
Back rest is supported on a back rest
Knees may be raised on a knee pillow
arms are supported in pillows
Types
High fowler’s: 75-90 degree
Semi fowler’s:40-45 degree
Low fowler’s position: 30 degree
24.
25. Uses
Facilitate drainage of abdominal cavity
Relieves breathing difficulty
Relieves tension on the abdominal sutures
Facilitating eating, reading, watching TV etc.
Relaxes large muscles of the back
26. High fowler’s position
Over table placed in the front of the patient
Patient to rest both hands on over bed table supported by pillows
and lean forward to the table (facilitates respiration)
Indications
Patient with severe dyspnea
Cardiac patients
Position for thoracenthesis
Patient with chest drainage tubes
27.
28. The patient lies on her back the legs are separated and thighs are
flexed on the abdomen.
The buttocks are kept in the edge of the table and legs are
supported by stirrups
Provides maximal exposure of genitalia
Uses
Vaginal examination
Pap smear
Position during delivery for many women
Surgical procedures of genitourinary system
29.
30. Patient lies on the bed in such a way that the knees and the chest
rests on the bed
The head is turned to one side
A small pillow can be placed under the chest
The weight of patient rests on chest and knees only
The knees are flexed and thighs are at right angle to legs
Uses
Examination of rectum and vagina
Post partum exercise
31.
32. Head of the bed is lowered and the foot raised in a straight incline
Patient lies on his back
Beds are available with electric control system
Revers trendlenberg’s position : head end of the bed is raised
Uses
Promote venous circulation and venous return patient with poor peripheral
perfusion
Postural drainage
In OT examination and surgery in the pelvic organs
33.
34. Patient lies on back, knees fully flexed and legs separated, thighs
flexed and externally rotated and feet flat on the bed.
Pillow is placed under the head
Uses
Examination of vagina and rectum
Catheterization and care
For doing procedures in the rectum, vulva and vagina