The document discusses various types of materials, equipment, and linen used in hospitals and their care and maintenance. It covers the different categories of equipment including reusable and disposable items. It provides details on the proper cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization techniques for different materials like linen, rubber goods, steel instruments, glass, and plastic items. The document also discusses the care and maintenance of other items like furniture and machinery equipment. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining proper inventory and indent records for materials and ensuring their optimal availability.

1. Machinery, Equipments and Linen
By
Phebe Esther .J B.sc Nsg..
Nursing Tutor,
Ganga College of Nursing, Cbe

2. B.sc nsg..

3. OUTLINES INTRODUCTION
 MATERIALS AND ITS TYPES
 EQUIPMENTS AND ITS TYPES
 CARE OF LINEN
 CARE OF RUBBER GOODS
 CARE OF STAINLESS STEEL GOODS
 CARE OF GLASS EQUIPMENTS
 CARE OF PLASTIC ITEMS
 CARE OF FURNITURE
 CARE OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS
 MAINTANENCE OF WARD INVENTORY

5. Machinery and equipments are essential and basic tools for
hospital services, used on an everyday basis for patient care
Handling materials and equipments are very important
responsibility of the nurse working in the hospital

6. Types Of Materials Used In Hospital
Materials
Supplies
 For daily use
 diagnostic & treatment
 cotton, gauze, syringes,
needles, linen, etc
Facilities
non – movable materials
used for long time.
Eg: lifts, water tanks, telephone
Drugs And Medicines
For treatment of
diseases and prevention
Equipments and Instruments
These include furniture,
instruments and equipments such
as x – ray machine, etc

7. It refers to various devices, tools, instruments that are
used in hospitals and health care works
These equipments must be well functioning and
adequate supplies must be there to provide optimum
nursing care
Insufficient and ill functioning equipments results in
increased work and dangerous for patient

8. 1. Self care equipments (for patient’s daily life)
2. Electronic equipments (ECG monitor, ventilator, etc)
3. Diagnostic equipments (tools used to test)
4. Surgical equipments (stainless steel tools, OT tools)
5. Acute care equipments (dressing materials, etc)
6. Storage and transport equipments

10. Categorization of machineries and
equipments
Machineries
&
equipments
Disposable Reusable

11. Disposable Equipments:
• items used only once
• discarded after use
• new item for each patient

12. Reusable Equipments:
• Items and equipments used for very long time
• These are cleaned, disinfected and sterilized before
and after each use
• More care should be given to reusable items than
disposable items

15. LINENS
• Linen is a fabric made from fibers
• It includes clothes, sheets, etc
• In hospital setting, linens are used for many purposes such as
covering the bed, articles, etc

16. Linens used in hospital setup
• Bed sheets
• Blankets
• Curtains
• Cloth covers : pillows, mattress, hot water bottle, air cushion,
inhaler cover, etc
• Towels
• Wrappers for trays, dressing set, etc
• Patient’s clothes : gowns, shirts
• Staff clothes : mask, cap, gown, OT dress, etc

17. Linens
Clean linen
(clean fresh
linen)
Contaminated
linen
(linen which is
used for patient)
Soiled linen
(linen which is
exposed to
blood and body
fluids)

18. Care of linens
Care of linen is important, as it is an expensive item in the running
of a hospital

19. General instructions to avoid spoiling
and wastage of linen
 Follow hospital policy for maintenance of linen
 Store the clean linen in cupboard and maintain stock register
 Lock the cupboard when not in use
 Care should be taken to avoid linen being taken home by the
clients on their discharge
 Stocks should be checked at regular intervals
 Torn linen should not be used on the bed but sent for mending
 Soiled linen should not be placed on the floor
 Regularly send the dirty linen to laundry for washing and ironing

20.  Damp linen should be dried
 Try to remove fresh stains by using appropriate stain remover
 Draw mackintosh over bed sheets to protect from stains
 The linen used for an infectious patient should be disinfected
first before they are sent to laundry
 Always use mackintosh over top linen while doing any
procedure
 Teach the importance of keeping clean hospital linen to the
patient and family members

23. Removal of stains
STAINS
Medicine
stain
(apply spirit)
Rust marks
(apply salt
and lemon
juice)
Tea/coffee
stain
(pour milk &
wash)
Blood stain
• fresh – soak in cold
water
• old – soak in H2O2
• thick – apply thick
paste of starch & dry in
sun
Iodine
(dip in rice
water)
Paint
(turpentine,
alcohol)
Ink stain
•Dip in cool
water
• Sprinkle salt
and lemon
•Dry in sun
Food stain
(apply salt
and pour hot
water)

24. Disinfection of contaminated/Soiled
Linen
• Always use laundry box/hamper trolley for collecting
contaminated linen.
• It should not be put on the floor, as it will cause more
contamination.
• Dip the linen in a bucket containing 0.5% solution of chlorine for
10 minutes.
• Rinse it in water and get dry in sun.
• Send for autoclaving(sterilization)
• After disinfecting the linen, store them in appropriate
cupboards.

25. Autoclave

26. Disinfectants used for cleaning
• Sodium hypochloride solution 0.5%
Duration – 5 minutes
• Glutaraldehyde 2%
Duration – 20 to 30 minutes
• For sterilization, glutaraldehyde 2%
Duration – 10 hours

27. Care of blankets
• Blankets are expensive articles and it will shrink while washing
• Blankets should not be washed, it should be dusted in open
place then dried in sunlight to disinfect
• They should not be exposed to dust
• While storing, blankets should be carefully protected from moth
using naphthalene balls
• They should be covered with dust proof sheets

28. Care of mattresses and pillows
• They should be prevented from becoming wet and stained
• They should be brushed at regular intervals to prevent
collection of dust
• Washable covers should be covered over the mattresses and
pillows
• They are disinfected by exposing them to sunlight
• If needed to wash, wash it under running cold water

29. Importance of maintaining linen in hospital
• We can provide clean and tidy linen and bed to the
patient
• Provides comfort to the patient
• Limits cross – infection
• Promotes cost – effectiveness of hospital by
prolonging the life of the items

31. List of rubber articles used in hospitals
• Mackintosh
• Rubber tubing : ( drainage, rectal, catheters, suction tube,
enema tubes, gastric lavage, etc )
• Gloves ( reusable )
• AMBU bag & its mouth piece
• Breast pump
• Hot water bottle, air pillow, ice caps, air cushion, etc.

34. Storage and handling:
Rubber mackintosh should be stored in dry, dark and
cool place. It should not be exposed to sunlight.
They should be folded by rolling them to avoid
breakage
Avoid using sharp articles like blade, pins, etc as they
can cut rubber easily
Avoid using kerosene, benzene, oils and hot water for
cleaning
Wrong folding
rolling

35. Cleaning and disinfecting:
 Spread it on a flat surface and wet it with cold water
 Rub the upper surface with soap and water using a clean cloth
 Turn the other side and repeat the same
 Wash both surfaces under running water
 If stains are present, it should be removed by appropriate
method
 For disinfection, Lysol or Dettol is used in the ratio 1:40
 Hand them horizontally in shade to dry
 When both surfaces are dried, powder them with French chalk
powder
 Roll it and store in dark cool place

37. Cleaning:
 keep the rubber tubes upside down and run water through it
 Make use of swab stick to remove any organic matter for
ensuring patency of tube
 Apply soap and water on the surface of the tube to remove dirt,
grease or any other matter
 Wash them again under running water
 To sterilize them, boil the tubes for 5 minutes by putting them in
the boiling water
 Hang the tubings for drying in shaded place
 Coil the tube and store it in cupboard

40. Cleaning:
• The wearer of the gloves should wash them on their hands just
before they are removed
• After removing from the hands, they are washed with soap and
cold water, first on outside, then invert and repeat on inside
• Rinse well with water, both inside and outside
• Holes and tears are discovered by submerging the glove filled
with air in the water. If there are holes, the bubbles will pass up,
separate torn gloves
• Hang then to dry. When the outside is dried, turn inside out and
dry
• After drying, they are powdered inside and outside, then
packed in pairs
• If sterilization is needed, send it for autoclaving

41. Care Of Air Cushion, Rubber Beds, Ice Caps,
Hot Water Bottles
• Remove the cloth cover of bottle, caps, cushions and decontaminate
the covers
• Keep the bottle, caps, cushions empty by removing water, ice and air
before cleaning
• The valves of the air cushions or beds should never be immersed in
water
• Clean the outer surface with soap and water
• Hang them upside down for drying
• When the bags are completely dried inflate them with air, water or ice
• In case of hot water bottles, ice caps, etc empty the contents
immediately after use

42. Care Of AMBU Bags
• Clean the rubber part with a clean cloth
• Disinfect it using methylated spirit swab

43. Sterilization Of Rubber Articles
Autoclaving:
At 120°c temperature with minimum pressure for 15
minutes
Chemical sterilization:
• Alcohol 50 – 70% ( for 20 to 30 minutes )
• Savlon ( for 30 minutes )

45. List of steel items
• Forceps
• Sharp instruments
• Scopes ( endoscopes, laryngoscopes, etc )

47. Cleaning
• Steel items get sterilized using chemicals and autoclaving
• Wear gloves while handling these items
• Dip items in 5% chlorine for 5 to 6 minutes then wash under
running water
• Make sure that tips, toothed ends, grooves of forceps are
cleaned properly
• Instruments with fine tip are covered in hard rubber cap
• After drying, send it for sterilization

48. Care of laryngoscope

49. Cleaning
• Take dry gauze piece to clean saliva from
laryngoscope
• Separate blade from laryngoscope and dip it in
disinfectant for 20 – 30 minutes
• With the help of cheatle forceps, take it out and dry it
• Reattach blade to laryngoscope and store on
emergency trolley for resuscitation

51. Articles made up of glass are very fragile and
special care is needed while handling them

52. List of glass items
• Test tubes
• Funnel
• Slides
• Specimen bottle
• Thermometers
• Ounce glass, jar

53. Care and cleaning
• Immerse the used glass item in disinfectant 5%
chlorine for 5 minutes in a container covered
with lid
• Clean tubes and jars with plastic brush
• Patient’s utensils and items are cleaned with
soapy solution
• If the items is soiled or very much
contaminated, must be discarded in puncture
proof container

55. Items made up of polyvinyl chloride(PVC) are the
plastic items. These items are heat sensitive and
hence they should be protected from heat,
radiations, etc

56. List of plastic items
• Basin, bowl
• Kidney tray
• Bad pan, urinal
• Syringes
• Airways, connectors
• Oxygen hood

58. Care of kidney tray/bed pan/urinals
• The contents of kidney tray, bed pan or urinals should be
discarded in appropriate area. Its contents should not be left
standing for a long time
• Rinse it in cold running water
• Wash with soap and warm water using a brush and rinse it well
to disinfect, soak them in Lysol 1:40 for one hour
• They can be placed in direct sunlight for few hours

60. • Furniture is movable article in a room established to fit for living
or working.
• In hospital setting, it is a collective term used for different types
of portable objects.

61. TYPES OF FURNITURE
Wooden furniture
* Table, chairs
* cupboard, locker
* stool, sofa
* bed, bench
Metal furniture
* bed, trolley
* chair, wheel chair
* locker, back rest
* OT table
* IV stand, screen
* Bowl stand, bed cradle

64. Care and maintenance of furniture
• Always keep the furniture dust free, clean it with a piece of soft
cloth
• They can be disinfected with glutaraldehyde or savlon and also
washed with soap and water
• Hospital beds should be cleaned daily
• Trolleys, lockers, IV stand and treatment table must be
disinfected after discharge or death of a patient
• Iron furniture should be cleaned with dry duster
• Repair of furniture must be done regularly
• Stock record of furniture should be maintained and old
damaged furniture are sent for condeminization

65. Importance of maintaining furniture
• Maintenance of furniture is very important for
preserving its maximum usefulness
• It gives aesthetic sense for patient
• It prevents cross infection
• It helps in prolonging the life of furniture
• It provides favorable environment for the
recovery of the patient

66. Care Of Machinery
Equipments

67. Items using electric current are included in this category. It
includes
• Suction apparatus
• Defibrillator
• Nebulizer machine
• Refrigerator
• Monitor
• Ventilator
• Pulse oxymeter

70. Points to remember
• Power off the equipments when not in use
• Clean the equipments and its parts with wet soft cloth
• In suction apparatus, the tubings should changed for every 24
hours
• The working condition of the equipments should be checked
before using it
• The equipments should be kept in safe and appropriate place
• The defibrillator should be in the charge always
• In refrigerator, unnecessary things such as food items, expired
medicines, opened medications, unused blood samples, etc
should not be kept

71. MAINTENANCE OF WARDINVENTORY

72. INVENTORY
Inventory is a list of articles available in ward, their characteristics,
standard number. It is record of articles available in the ward.
Inventory control means stocking an adequate number and type of
stores, so that the materials are available whenever required
Inventory control is the process of maintaining the optimum
needed quantity that is sufficient for the smooth operation of the
organization

73. Purposes/uses of maintaining ward inventory
• To provide maximum supply of materials
• To facilitate the smooth functioning of the ward
• To avoid shortage and insufficiency
• To determine the condition of articles and to order repair or
replacement if necessary
• To provide a cushion between availability of material and the
actual demand for a material
• To reduce financial investment
• Inventory helps to handle unforeseen circumstances
• Inventory also helps to avoid workers and machinery being idle
• To check the functioning status of article
• To return the articles to its proper place
• It helps to avoid missing of articles and to keep a check on the
article

74. INDENT
Indent is a list of items made for availing in the ward. A list of
items is made, which are not available in the stock.
Indent is done weekly/monthly basis depending upon the shortage
of items. After making the list, it is been sent to the main store.
Record is maintained on register/note book know as Indent Book

75. Model Indent Book
Name of the Hospital
Name of the ward
Date, Year and Time
S.No ITEMS QUANTITY Indent Issued
Initials

76. MODEL INVENTORY
GANGA HOSPITAL - COIMBATORE
Pediatric ward
Emergency article checklist
S.No Items Qnty
Months
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug
Signature of ward in charge
Signature of nursing
superintendent