Combined footing
•
2 likes•357 views
Combined footing is used to support two or more columns in a straight line on a single spread footing. There are three main types of combined footing: rectangular, trapezoidal, and tee-shaped. Rectangular combined footings act as upward loaded beams between columns and are designed to resist bending moments and shear forces. Trapezoidal footings are used when one column load is significantly heavier than the others. Combined footings can also be slab-type, slab-beam type, or strap-beam type depending on how the columns are supported and loaded.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Pile foundations_Advanced Construction Technology
Pile foundation is that type of deep foundation in which the loads are taken to a low level by means of vertical members which may be of timber, concrete or steel.
Pile foundations
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Combined footing 1-1-18
This document discusses the design of combined footings. It defines a combined footing as one that supports two or more adjacent columns to provide uniform bearing pressure and minimize differential settlement. It describes the different types of combined footings based on connectivity (slab, slab-beam, strap-beam) and shape (rectangular, trapezoidal). The key steps of the design process are outlined, including determining the footing size based on load and soil capacity, performing structural analysis to calculate moments and shear, and designing the longitudinal, shear, and transverse reinforcement.
Pile foundation ppt 2 (usefulsearch.org) (useful search)
Pile foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil is low or uneven and the soil is located at a greater depth. Piles transfer structural loads directly to the soil layer below by end bearing or side friction. Common pile types include timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles which are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Pile foundations provide solutions for difficult soil conditions like compressible, waterlogged, or made ground and are widely used for bridges, buildings, and marine structures.
Design of staircases
The document discusses the design of staircases. It begins by defining key components of staircases like treads, risers, stringers, etc. It then describes different types of staircases such as straight, doglegged, and spiral. The document outlines considerations for designing staircases like dimensions, loads, and structural behavior. It provides steps for geometric design, load calculations, structural analysis, reinforcement design, and detailing of staircases. Numerical examples are also included to illustrate the design process.
One way slab and two way slab- Difference between
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-and-two-way-slab/
What is a Slab?
Slabs are the one of the most widely used structural elements whose depth is considerably smaller than rest of the dimensions. Basically slabs are used as roofs and floors in buildings, roof and bottom on water tanks, on bridges etc.
Slabs support and transfer load i.e. Dead load and live load, to columns by shear, flexure, and torsion. Slabs also help in reducing the effects of lateral wind loads and earthquake loads.
What is One Way Slab?
One way slabs are the slabs in which most of the loads are carried on the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal to or greater than two or when the slab is supported by beams only along two opposite sides slab then the slab behaves as a One-way slab.
What is Two Way Slab?
Two-way slabs are the slabs in which loads are carried on both of the spans. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than two and when the slab is supported by beams along all the sides then the slab behaves as a two-way slab.
Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab
Staircase design
This document provides details on the design of staircases, including:
1. It describes the typical components of a staircase like flights, landings, risers, treads, nosings, waist slabs, and soffits.
2. It discusses different types of staircases like straight, quarter turn, dog-legged, open well, spiral and helicoidal.
3. It classifies staircases structurally into those with stair slabs spanning transversely or longitudinally and provides examples of each type.
4. It provides an example calculation for the design of a waist slab spanning longitudinally, including loading, bending moment calculation, reinforcement design and checks.
Pile foundation ppt
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Recommended
Pile foundations_Advanced Construction Technology
Pile foundation is that type of deep foundation in which the loads are taken to a low level by means of vertical members which may be of timber, concrete or steel.
Pile foundations
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Combined footing 1-1-18
This document discusses the design of combined footings. It defines a combined footing as one that supports two or more adjacent columns to provide uniform bearing pressure and minimize differential settlement. It describes the different types of combined footings based on connectivity (slab, slab-beam, strap-beam) and shape (rectangular, trapezoidal). The key steps of the design process are outlined, including determining the footing size based on load and soil capacity, performing structural analysis to calculate moments and shear, and designing the longitudinal, shear, and transverse reinforcement.
Pile foundation ppt 2 (usefulsearch.org) (useful search)
Pile foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil is low or uneven and the soil is located at a greater depth. Piles transfer structural loads directly to the soil layer below by end bearing or side friction. Common pile types include timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles which are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Pile foundations provide solutions for difficult soil conditions like compressible, waterlogged, or made ground and are widely used for bridges, buildings, and marine structures.
Design of staircases
The document discusses the design of staircases. It begins by defining key components of staircases like treads, risers, stringers, etc. It then describes different types of staircases such as straight, doglegged, and spiral. The document outlines considerations for designing staircases like dimensions, loads, and structural behavior. It provides steps for geometric design, load calculations, structural analysis, reinforcement design, and detailing of staircases. Numerical examples are also included to illustrate the design process.
One way slab and two way slab- Difference between
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-and-two-way-slab/
What is a Slab?
Slabs are the one of the most widely used structural elements whose depth is considerably smaller than rest of the dimensions. Basically slabs are used as roofs and floors in buildings, roof and bottom on water tanks, on bridges etc.
Slabs support and transfer load i.e. Dead load and live load, to columns by shear, flexure, and torsion. Slabs also help in reducing the effects of lateral wind loads and earthquake loads.
What is One Way Slab?
One way slabs are the slabs in which most of the loads are carried on the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal to or greater than two or when the slab is supported by beams only along two opposite sides slab then the slab behaves as a One-way slab.
What is Two Way Slab?
Two-way slabs are the slabs in which loads are carried on both of the spans. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than two and when the slab is supported by beams along all the sides then the slab behaves as a two-way slab.
Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab
Staircase design
This document provides details on the design of staircases, including:
1. It describes the typical components of a staircase like flights, landings, risers, treads, nosings, waist slabs, and soffits.
2. It discusses different types of staircases like straight, quarter turn, dog-legged, open well, spiral and helicoidal.
3. It classifies staircases structurally into those with stair slabs spanning transversely or longitudinally and provides examples of each type.
4. It provides an example calculation for the design of a waist slab spanning longitudinally, including loading, bending moment calculation, reinforcement design and checks.
Pile foundation ppt
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Design for Short Axially Loaded Columns ACI318
This document discusses the design of columns. It begins by defining columns and classifying them as short or long based on their slenderness ratio. Columns can be reinforced with ties or a spiral. Equations are provided for calculating the nominal axial capacity of columns based on the concrete compressive strength and steel reinforcement area. Minimum requirements are specified for reinforcement ratios, number of bars, concrete cover, and lateral tie or spiral spacing. Spirally reinforced columns can develop higher strength due to concrete confinement by the spiral. Design of the spiral pitch is discussed based on providing equivalent confining pressure.
Lecture 1. bearing capacity of soil
This document provides an introduction to foundation engineering and different types of foundations. It discusses shallow foundations, which have a depth to width ratio of less than 4, including spread, strip, continuous, combined and raft foundations. It also discusses deep foundations, which have a depth to width ratio greater than 4, such as piles and drilled shafts. The document further explains bearing capacity and settlement criteria for foundations. It provides details on Terzaghi's and Skempton's bearing capacity theories and includes examples of calculating ultimate and allowable bearing capacities.
Shallow foundation
Shallow foundations are foundations with small depths limited to the width of the footing. They spread loads from the superstructure over a larger area of soil to reduce stress intensity to a level the soil can safely support. Shallow foundations are classified as isolated or combined footings. Isolated footings support single walls or columns, while combined footings support two or more columns and come in shapes like rectangular, trapezoidal, or T-shaped. Mat foundations are used for soils with very low bearing capacity, forming a single, continuous raft to support the entire structure.
Foundation and its types and detailed explanation
This document discusses different types of foundations. There are two main types: shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations are provided immediately underneath the structure near ground level to distribute loads over a large base area. Deep foundations are constructed well below ground level using methods like piles, wells, or caissons to transfer loads through weaker surface soils to stronger layers below. Pile foundations use long concrete cylinders pushed into the ground to support structures. Well foundations are typically used below water levels for bridges.
Shallow foundation
Shallow foundations are foundations where the depth is equal to or less than the width. There are four main types of shallow foundations: 1) Spread footings which spread loads over a larger area and are used for light loads or strong soils, 2) Combined footings which are preferred when columns are close together to make construction more economical, 3) Strap or cantilever footings which connect independent footings with a beam that does not transfer pressure to the soil, and 4) Mat or raft foundations which cover the entire area beneath a structure and are used for supporting loads on soft soils by spreading them over a large area.
Mat foundation
A reinforced concrete mat foundation is a common type of foundation system used in many buildings. They are a specific type of shallow foundation that uses bearing capacity of the soil at or near the building base to transmit the loads to the soil. Compared to an ordinary slab on grade, a reinforced concrete mat is much thicker and is subjected to more substantial loads from the building.
Deep Foundation (Construction Engineering)
1st presentation of my life . It was a group presentation . Thanks to all of our group members for there contribution.
This presentation is all about Deep Foundation. Hope you will find it important.
Chapter 3 shallow foundations
The document discusses different types of shallow foundations. It describes spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and mat or raft foundations. For spread footings, it provides details on single, stepped, sloped, wall, and grillage footings. Foundations are also discussed for black cotton soils, including strip footings, pier foundations, and under-reamed pile foundations. Finally, potential causes of foundation failure are listed such as unequal settlement, subsoil moisture movement, and lateral soil pressures.
Stepped footing
The document describes the design of a stepped footing to support a column with an unfactored load of 800 kN. A square footing with dimensions of 2.1m x 2.1m is designed with two 300mm steps. Reinforcement of #12 bars at 150mm c/c is provided. Checks are performed for bending moment, one-way shear, two-way shear, and development length which all meet code requirements. Therefore, the stepped footing design is adequate to support the given column load.
Pile foundations
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
Foundation and its types
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations, which transfer loads to depths of less than 3 meters, including spread footings, strip foundations, mat foundations, and combined footings. It also describes deep foundations, which transfer loads to depths greater than 3 meters, including pile foundations and caisson foundations. Key factors for determining the appropriate foundation type include the soil bearing capacity and required load capacity of the structure.
DEEP FOUNDATION
This document provides information about pile foundations. It begins with an introduction defining a pile foundation as a construction for supporting foundations that is supported on piles. It then discusses where piles are placed and when they are adopted, such as in loose soils or when load transfer is needed. The document categorizes piles based on their function, material composition, installation method, and load carrying characteristics. It provides examples within each category and discusses factors that affect pile selection. The document also describes pile accessories like caps and shoes and pile driving methods. Overall, it serves as an overview of pile foundation types, uses, and design considerations.
Retaining wall
inexpensive retaining wall options
types of retaining walls residential
types of retaining wall blocks
low cost retaining wall ideas
types of retaining wall systems
retaining wall ideas for sloping yard
retaining walls ideas
poured concrete retaining wall
gravity retaining wall design example
gravity wall vs cantilever wall
type of retaining walls
cantilever retaining wall design
cantilever retaining wall calculations
concrete cantilever wall
cantilever retaining wall design spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design example
cantilever wall design
cantilever retaining wall spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design software
images of garden retaining walls
images of stone retaining walls
concrete retaining walls images
pictures of retaining wall blocks
low retaining wall pictures
rock retaining walls pictures
photos of small retaining walls
pictures of retaining walls landscape
concret
railroad tie retaining wall repair
retaining wall railroad ties pictures
railroad tie retaining wall construction
railroad tie retaining walls design
replacing a railroad retaining wall
removing railroad tie retaining wall
installing railroad tie retaining wall
railroad ties retaining wall cost
cantilever wall
gravity retaining wall calculations
types of retaining walls residential
large rock retaining wall designs
gravity stone retaining wall design
retaining wall blocks suppliers
interlocking block retaining wall systems
used retaining wall blocks for sale
local retaining wall blocks suppliers
buy wholesale retaining wall blocks
home depot retaining wall bricks
buy retaining wall blocks direct
retaining wall blocks for sale
counterfort retaining wall design
counterfort design example
types of retaining walls
buttress vs counterfort
precast counterfort wall
large precast concrete wall blocks
retaining wall calculations and design
counterfort foundation
FOOTING (STRUCTURE)
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil in a way that does not exceed the soil's load bearing capacity or cause excessive settlement. There are different types of footings including isolated, combined, cantilever, continuous, rafted, and pile caps that are used depending on the column layout and soil conditions. Properly designing footings involves determining loads, allowable soil pressures, footing sizes, settlements, and other factors according to code requirements.
Design of R.C.C Beam
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
DEEP FOUNDATION
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
Pile foundation
This document discusses pile foundations. It begins by listing the topics that will be covered, including types of piles, pile spacing, pile caps, load testing, and failures. It then defines a pile foundation as using slender structural members like steel, concrete or timber that are installed in the ground to transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. The document goes on to classify piles based on their function, material, and installation method. It describes common pile types such as precast concrete, driven steel, and cast-in-place piles. The document provides details on pile uses, selection factors, and installation procedures.
Deep foundation
Deep foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil near the surface is insufficient or space is restricted for shallow foundations. Deep foundations extend below the shallow soil layers to reach stronger soil at depth. Common types include pile foundations, caisson foundations, and cofferdams. Pile foundations transmit structural loads to the ground through end bearing on a hard layer or side friction along the pile. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite of materials. The type of pile used depends on factors like soil conditions, structural loads, material availability, and cost.
Detailed specifications
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION & APPLICATIONS
The PPT about pile foundation and types of pile foundation.It is very useful and make very properly.If you don't know about pile foundation then no problem only just refer this PPT and then you will become to know about pile foundation very well.I hope this will helpful to someone.
Stucture design -I (Bending Moment & Shear Force)
This document discusses different types of beams and their end conditions, including cantilever beams, simply supported beams, overhanging beams, fixed beams, and continuous beams. It also describes bending moment and shear force, explaining that bending moment is the resultant moment of all forces on one side of a beam section, while shear force is the algebraic sum of vertical forces on one side. The document provides definitions and examples of how to draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
slabs ppt.pdf
The document discusses one-way and two-way slabs. A one-way slab bends in only one direction and is supported on two walls parallel to the bending direction. A two-way slab bends in two perpendicular directions and is supported on all four sides. The ratio of the longer span to shorter span, ly/lx, determines if a slab with four-sided support acts as one-way (ly/lx > 2) or two-way. Secondary reinforcement is provided in one-way slabs to resist secondary moments and cracking from shrinkage or concentrated loads.
More Related Content
What's hot
Design for Short Axially Loaded Columns ACI318
This document discusses the design of columns. It begins by defining columns and classifying them as short or long based on their slenderness ratio. Columns can be reinforced with ties or a spiral. Equations are provided for calculating the nominal axial capacity of columns based on the concrete compressive strength and steel reinforcement area. Minimum requirements are specified for reinforcement ratios, number of bars, concrete cover, and lateral tie or spiral spacing. Spirally reinforced columns can develop higher strength due to concrete confinement by the spiral. Design of the spiral pitch is discussed based on providing equivalent confining pressure.
Lecture 1. bearing capacity of soil
This document provides an introduction to foundation engineering and different types of foundations. It discusses shallow foundations, which have a depth to width ratio of less than 4, including spread, strip, continuous, combined and raft foundations. It also discusses deep foundations, which have a depth to width ratio greater than 4, such as piles and drilled shafts. The document further explains bearing capacity and settlement criteria for foundations. It provides details on Terzaghi's and Skempton's bearing capacity theories and includes examples of calculating ultimate and allowable bearing capacities.
Shallow foundation
Shallow foundations are foundations with small depths limited to the width of the footing. They spread loads from the superstructure over a larger area of soil to reduce stress intensity to a level the soil can safely support. Shallow foundations are classified as isolated or combined footings. Isolated footings support single walls or columns, while combined footings support two or more columns and come in shapes like rectangular, trapezoidal, or T-shaped. Mat foundations are used for soils with very low bearing capacity, forming a single, continuous raft to support the entire structure.
Foundation and its types and detailed explanation
This document discusses different types of foundations. There are two main types: shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations are provided immediately underneath the structure near ground level to distribute loads over a large base area. Deep foundations are constructed well below ground level using methods like piles, wells, or caissons to transfer loads through weaker surface soils to stronger layers below. Pile foundations use long concrete cylinders pushed into the ground to support structures. Well foundations are typically used below water levels for bridges.
Shallow foundation
Shallow foundations are foundations where the depth is equal to or less than the width. There are four main types of shallow foundations: 1) Spread footings which spread loads over a larger area and are used for light loads or strong soils, 2) Combined footings which are preferred when columns are close together to make construction more economical, 3) Strap or cantilever footings which connect independent footings with a beam that does not transfer pressure to the soil, and 4) Mat or raft foundations which cover the entire area beneath a structure and are used for supporting loads on soft soils by spreading them over a large area.
Mat foundation
A reinforced concrete mat foundation is a common type of foundation system used in many buildings. They are a specific type of shallow foundation that uses bearing capacity of the soil at or near the building base to transmit the loads to the soil. Compared to an ordinary slab on grade, a reinforced concrete mat is much thicker and is subjected to more substantial loads from the building.
Deep Foundation (Construction Engineering)
1st presentation of my life . It was a group presentation . Thanks to all of our group members for there contribution.
This presentation is all about Deep Foundation. Hope you will find it important.
Chapter 3 shallow foundations
The document discusses different types of shallow foundations. It describes spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and mat or raft foundations. For spread footings, it provides details on single, stepped, sloped, wall, and grillage footings. Foundations are also discussed for black cotton soils, including strip footings, pier foundations, and under-reamed pile foundations. Finally, potential causes of foundation failure are listed such as unequal settlement, subsoil moisture movement, and lateral soil pressures.
Stepped footing
The document describes the design of a stepped footing to support a column with an unfactored load of 800 kN. A square footing with dimensions of 2.1m x 2.1m is designed with two 300mm steps. Reinforcement of #12 bars at 150mm c/c is provided. Checks are performed for bending moment, one-way shear, two-way shear, and development length which all meet code requirements. Therefore, the stepped footing design is adequate to support the given column load.
Pile foundations
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
Foundation and its types
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations, which transfer loads to depths of less than 3 meters, including spread footings, strip foundations, mat foundations, and combined footings. It also describes deep foundations, which transfer loads to depths greater than 3 meters, including pile foundations and caisson foundations. Key factors for determining the appropriate foundation type include the soil bearing capacity and required load capacity of the structure.
DEEP FOUNDATION
This document provides information about pile foundations. It begins with an introduction defining a pile foundation as a construction for supporting foundations that is supported on piles. It then discusses where piles are placed and when they are adopted, such as in loose soils or when load transfer is needed. The document categorizes piles based on their function, material composition, installation method, and load carrying characteristics. It provides examples within each category and discusses factors that affect pile selection. The document also describes pile accessories like caps and shoes and pile driving methods. Overall, it serves as an overview of pile foundation types, uses, and design considerations.
Retaining wall
inexpensive retaining wall options
types of retaining walls residential
types of retaining wall blocks
low cost retaining wall ideas
types of retaining wall systems
retaining wall ideas for sloping yard
retaining walls ideas
poured concrete retaining wall
gravity retaining wall design example
gravity wall vs cantilever wall
type of retaining walls
cantilever retaining wall design
cantilever retaining wall calculations
concrete cantilever wall
cantilever retaining wall design spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design example
cantilever wall design
cantilever retaining wall spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design software
images of garden retaining walls
images of stone retaining walls
concrete retaining walls images
pictures of retaining wall blocks
low retaining wall pictures
rock retaining walls pictures
photos of small retaining walls
pictures of retaining walls landscape
concret
railroad tie retaining wall repair
retaining wall railroad ties pictures
railroad tie retaining wall construction
railroad tie retaining walls design
replacing a railroad retaining wall
removing railroad tie retaining wall
installing railroad tie retaining wall
railroad ties retaining wall cost
cantilever wall
gravity retaining wall calculations
types of retaining walls residential
large rock retaining wall designs
gravity stone retaining wall design
retaining wall blocks suppliers
interlocking block retaining wall systems
used retaining wall blocks for sale
local retaining wall blocks suppliers
buy wholesale retaining wall blocks
home depot retaining wall bricks
buy retaining wall blocks direct
retaining wall blocks for sale
counterfort retaining wall design
counterfort design example
types of retaining walls
buttress vs counterfort
precast counterfort wall
large precast concrete wall blocks
retaining wall calculations and design
counterfort foundation
FOOTING (STRUCTURE)
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil in a way that does not exceed the soil's load bearing capacity or cause excessive settlement. There are different types of footings including isolated, combined, cantilever, continuous, rafted, and pile caps that are used depending on the column layout and soil conditions. Properly designing footings involves determining loads, allowable soil pressures, footing sizes, settlements, and other factors according to code requirements.
Design of R.C.C Beam
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
DEEP FOUNDATION
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
Pile foundation
This document discusses pile foundations. It begins by listing the topics that will be covered, including types of piles, pile spacing, pile caps, load testing, and failures. It then defines a pile foundation as using slender structural members like steel, concrete or timber that are installed in the ground to transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. The document goes on to classify piles based on their function, material, and installation method. It describes common pile types such as precast concrete, driven steel, and cast-in-place piles. The document provides details on pile uses, selection factors, and installation procedures.
Deep foundation
Deep foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil near the surface is insufficient or space is restricted for shallow foundations. Deep foundations extend below the shallow soil layers to reach stronger soil at depth. Common types include pile foundations, caisson foundations, and cofferdams. Pile foundations transmit structural loads to the ground through end bearing on a hard layer or side friction along the pile. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite of materials. The type of pile used depends on factors like soil conditions, structural loads, material availability, and cost.
Detailed specifications
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION & APPLICATIONS
The PPT about pile foundation and types of pile foundation.It is very useful and make very properly.If you don't know about pile foundation then no problem only just refer this PPT and then you will become to know about pile foundation very well.I hope this will helpful to someone.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Combined footing
Stucture design -I (Bending Moment & Shear Force)
This document discusses different types of beams and their end conditions, including cantilever beams, simply supported beams, overhanging beams, fixed beams, and continuous beams. It also describes bending moment and shear force, explaining that bending moment is the resultant moment of all forces on one side of a beam section, while shear force is the algebraic sum of vertical forces on one side. The document provides definitions and examples of how to draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
slabs ppt.pdf
The document discusses one-way and two-way slabs. A one-way slab bends in only one direction and is supported on two walls parallel to the bending direction. A two-way slab bends in two perpendicular directions and is supported on all four sides. The ratio of the longer span to shorter span, ly/lx, determines if a slab with four-sided support acts as one-way (ly/lx > 2) or two-way. Secondary reinforcement is provided in one-way slabs to resist secondary moments and cracking from shrinkage or concentrated loads.
Presentation P.01 - What is Slab.pdf
This document discusses different types of slabs used in construction. It defines slabs as structural members that provide flat horizontal surfaces. The main types discussed are one-way slabs, which are supported by beams on two sides, and two-way slabs, which are supported on all four sides. The document provides details on the load transfer and reinforcement of each type of slab, and compares the key differences between one-way and two-way slabs. It also briefly discusses grid slabs and defines mechanisms of load transfer in slabs.
mahfooz_deformation in cryst_al
Slip and twinning are two important deformation mechanisms in crystals. Slip involves the sliding of atomic planes over one another along crystallographic planes called slip planes, and occurs when the critical resolved shear stress is exceeded. It is controlled by dislocations. Twinning involves mirror-image reflections on either side of a twinning plane, where successive atomic planes are displaced by increasing amounts. Twinning accommodates deformation by changing the crystal orientation and is important when slip systems are limited. The key differences between slip and twinning are that slip is a line defect controlled by dislocations while twinning is a grain boundary surface defect.
mechanical project ppt.pptx
The document discusses different types of beams based on their end support, shape, and equilibrium conditions. It describes simply supported beams, cantilever beams, fixed beams, continuous beams, and overhanging beams. The cross section shapes discussed include I-beams, C-beams, and T-beams. Determinate beams can be analyzed using basic equilibrium equations to find support reactions, while non-determinate beams require additional information.
Structural analysis and design Basics
This document discusses various topics related to structural analysis and design including:
1. Structural mechanics enables determining forces on members based on loads on the whole structure. Stresses and deformations can then be obtained.
2. Structures can be categorized based on function, form, analysis perspective, and type of loads. Different types of loads include concentrated, distributed, uniform, and varying loads.
3. Key concepts in structural analysis are shear force, bending moment, and deflected shapes. Shear force and bending moment are calculated at cross sections and deflected shapes show beam deformation under loading.
Scoliosis and effectiveness of bracing
scoliosis is a lateral bending of curve with associated rotation, it is a three dimensional deformity. the finite element analysis is the effective method of treatment where the axial rotation and lateral bending is considered because of coupling movements, The facet orientation also plays the major diagnosis factor of treatment.
Module 3 SFD &BMD PART-1
Mr. Akash provides a 3-page document summarizing bending moment and shear force diagrams for various beam types including cantilevers, simply supported beams, overhanging beams, and continuous beams. The document defines key terms like shear force, bending moment, point load, uniformly distributed load, and point of contraflexure. It then provides examples of calculating reactions, shear forces, and bending moments for each beam type under different loading conditions such as a point load, uniform load, or varying load. Diagrams are included to illustrate the variations in shear force and bending moment.
Structure
This document discusses shear forces and bending moments in structural elements like beams. It defines shear force as a unaligned force that pushes parts of a structure in different directions. Bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force causes it to bend. The document describes different types of beams and loads and how to calculate bending moments using the moment of a force equation.
Fold .pptx
Folds are undulations or bends in rock layers caused by compressional forces. Key elements of folds include the wavelength, amplitude, hinge point, hinge line, and limbs. Folds can be classified based on their shape, orientation, and other geometric properties. Folds form as a result of tectonic and non-tectonic processes and can be recognized based on field observations like bedding repetition patterns and thickness variations.
Folds (plicative dislocation).pptx.There are
Folds form when rocks undergo ductile deformation from compressional stress. There are several types of folds defined by their structure, including anticlines which point upwards and synclines which point downwards. Folds can be further classified based on features like the orientation of the axial plane and the angle between the limbs. Flexures are knee-like bends in stratified rock layers. Monoclines are folds with two horizontal limbs connected by a shorter inclined limb.
Unit 5 - deflection of beams and columns
1) The document discusses various methods for calculating beam deflections, including double integration, Macaulay's method, and moment area methods.
2) It also covers columns, struts, and the different types of column structures. The slenderness ratio and effective length are important parameters for columns.
3) Short columns fail due to crushing while long columns fail due to bending or buckling. The crippling or buckling load is also discussed.
Types of loads,supports , beams and spans ppt
The document discusses various types of loads, supports, beams, and spans that are commonly analyzed in structural engineering. It defines point loads, uniformly distributed loads, uniformly varying loads, and rolling loads. It also describes simple supports, roller supports, hinged supports, and fixed supports. The main types of beams covered are simply supported beams, cantilever beams, fixed beams, overhanging beams, continuous beams, and beams with one end hinged and the other end roller supported. Finally, it distinguishes between clear span, effective span, and total span.
Types of loads
The document discusses various types of loads, supports, beams, and spans that are commonly analyzed in structural engineering. It defines point loads, uniformly distributed loads, uniformly varying loads, and rolling loads. It also describes simple supports, roller supports, hinged supports, and fixed supports. The types of beams covered are simply supported beams, cantilever beams, fixed beams, overhanging beams, continuous beams, and beams with one end hinged and the other end roller supported. Finally, it distinguishes between clear span, effective span, and total span.
Bending and Shear in Simple Beams.ppt
This document provides an introduction to bending and shear in simple beams. It discusses the different types of loads, supports, and internal forces that beams experience. Beams can experience bending moments and shear forces from applied loads. Shear and moment diagrams can be constructed to understand the internal forces along the beam. The diagrams are developed using the equilibrium method or semi-graphical method based on the loads, supports, and geometry of the beam. An example problem demonstrates constructing shear and moment diagrams.
Structural geology
This presentation is based on structural geology.. and it is for the people who are related to civil engineering..
Folds and foldings
What are folds?
•Parts of the folds
•Classification of folds
•Classification on the basis of axial planes
•Classification on the basis of curvature(by Ramsay)
•Classification on the basis of plunge
•Engineering considerations
PPT ON DESIGN OF COLUMN BRACES
This document discusses the design of column braces for structures. It defines braced and unbraced columns, with braced columns having zero sway and stability provided by walls or bracing, while unbraced columns are subjected to sway with stability only from other columns. It describes different types of internal and external bracing patterns and factors to consider in brace analysis, including displacement, base shear, wind loads, maximum shear and bending moments. The document provides guidelines for designing braces based on column moments and explains how bracing type affects seismic resistance parameters through a parametric study.
Fold.pptx
Folds are undulations or curvatures that form in rock layers of the Earth's crust. The key elements of a fold include the wavelength, amplitude, hinge point, hinge line, and inflection point. Folds can take different morphologies depending on factors like the symmetry of the axial plane, degree of tilting, and whether the limbs dip toward or away from each other. Folds provide insight into the compressional forces that shaped the rock layers during mountain building events in Earth's history.
Similar to Combined footing (20)
A structural member carrying an axial compression load is called column
A structural member carrying an axial compression load is called column
More from Pankti Gajjar
Lifts or Elevators
It contains a detailed description of the type of lifts with its working and mechanisms , its use, and dimension as found in India.
Space frames
The document discusses space frames, which are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports by transmitting loads through tension and compression along the length of each strut. They are made of steel or timber and can be used for applications like sports arenas, assembly halls, airports, and workshops. Space frames come in single, double, or triple layer configurations and use node connectors to link the elements. Their advantages include being light, stiff, economical to construct, and allowing freedom of longer spans. Their disadvantage is they can be difficult to engineer due to complex force distributions.
I m pie and louis kahn's work
A brief discussion of I M Pie and Loius Kahn's work and philosophy with examples.
Partitions and panelling
A brief discussion on all the materials that are readily available and can be used for partitions and paneling
Parking and transportation
Contain a brief description of the type of parking with in depth discussion and its logistics on-ramps, stilt parking, and automated parking systems with a case study.
Muni seva oldage home case study,goraj ,vadodara
Muniseva Oldage House is located in Goraj, Vadodara. The document provides the name and address of the oldage home as Muniseva Oldage House in Goraj, Vadodara. No other details are provided in the single line document.
More from Pankti Gajjar (6)
Recently uploaded
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaPollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Recently uploaded (20)
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Combined footing
- 1. Combined Footing Nishwa Patel (08) Pankti Gajjar (07) Megha Modi (06) Nikunj Lunagaria(05)
- 2. What is combined footing? • Whenever two or more columns in a straight line are carried on a single spread footing, it is called a combined footing.
- 3. How many types?? • The combined footing may be 1. Rectangular 2. Trapezoidal 3. Tee-shaped in plan. • The geometric proportions and shape are so fixed that the centeroid of the footing area coincides with the resultant of the column loads. This results in uniform pressure below the entire area of footing.
- 4. Rectangular combined footing • Longitudinally, the footing acts as an upward loaded beam spanning between columns and cantilevering beyond. Using statics, the shear force and bending moment diagrams in the longitudinal direction are drawn. Moment is checked at the faces of the column. Shear force is critical at distance ‘d’ from the faces of columns or at the point of contra flexure. Two-way shear is checked under the heavier column. • The footing is also subjected to transverse bending and this bending is spread over a transverse strip near the column.
- 6. Trapezoidal footing • Trapezoidal footing is provided when one column load is much more than the other. As a result, the both projections of footing beyond the faces of the columns will be restricted
- 8. There are three different types of combined footings: • Slab type combined footing : It supports two or more column with bottom slab only. • Slab-beam type combined footing : supports two or more column with bottom slab and beam. • Strap-beam type combined footing : It is used when one column is located on a property line, resulting in is an eccentric load on a portion of the footing. Therefore provide a beam in the footing to the adjacent column footing to restrain the overturning effect.