definition of cochlear implant , history of the procedure , purpose of the procedure , indications for cochlear implant , surgical procedure , risk of cochlear implant surgery , post operative care , normal result
Robotic Inventions Around the World – Rundown (in slides) of robots like exoskeleton, robonaut, atlas, limb robot, EveR-2, asimo, dancing robots, cheetah, big dog, etc.
Robotic Inventions Around the World – Rundown (in slides) of robots like exoskeleton, robonaut, atlas, limb robot, EveR-2, asimo, dancing robots, cheetah, big dog, etc.
#News43: Young Clinicians Clinical Case Competition at the 3rd MIS Global Con...José Luis Pimentel
During the first day of the 3rd MIS Global Conference,
more than 300 people attended the young clinicians'
case competition session where 5 doctors were invited to
present their cases.
Chairing the event was Professor Gabi Chaushu, head of
the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at the Rabin
Medical Center in Israel.
Out of the 49 cases submitted for review, the scientific
committee, which included Professor Stefen Koubi, Professor
Nitzan Bichacho, Dr. Eric Van Dooren and Professor Moshe
Goldstein, chose the finalists out of which these 3 winners
were ultimately chosen.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
These slides discuss the falling cost of sensors, MEMs, and the Internet of Things. The costs of MEMs, transceivers and other components are falling and making the IoT economically feasible. These slides discusses these cost reductions in detail and many examples of how the IoT is emerging for many types of industrial products.
This report sums up what we think will be the key digital trends in 2017 when it comes to #tech #innovation #culture & #communication. The report was presented at a breakfast seminar in Stockholm, December 2016.
Anatomical considerations for placing dental implants.
all the basic anatomical landmarks and considerations which are to be taken care off before and while placing a dental implant.
any type of implant it may be...wether endossous or subperiosteal or tranosteal.
lack of knowledge of basic anatomy will never lead to success of implant.
• Hearing loss is widely recognized as one of the most common human disorders. (Nipalko J.K., 2002). Hearing loss affects up to 10% of the population. The prevalence increases with age and over one third of people older than 65 years have a significant hearing loss. Only approximately 20% of people with hearing loss seek assistance from hearing aids, of these, as many as 16.2% do not wear their devices.
• It has been reported that 5 of 10,000 infants less than 2 years of age are profoundly hearing impaired. They are unable to hear any sound from the outside world.
• The problem is critical for adults and dramatic for children. Early onset profound hearing loss has been shown to have devastating consequences for the development of language that is essential for learning almost anything. It allows us to participate, to understand, to interact with the world around us, and to avoid social isolation. (Moeller, 1998)
• Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by defect of the inner ear or central auditory pathways. Treatment is dependent on the degree of hearing impairment. Hearing aids are indicated for mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss. In patients with severe to profound hearing loss due to cochlear defects or any abnormalities will result in severe handicap. To overcome this severe handicap, application of implantable hearing aids is indicated.
Hearing loss can profoundly impact a person’s quality of life, affecting their ability to communicate, interact, and engage with the world around them. While hearing aids have long been a go-to solution, there’s another remarkable innovation that has transformed the lives of individuals with severe to profound hearing loss: cochlear implants. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the world of cochlear implants, exploring what they are, how they work, who they’re suitable for, and the potential benefits they offer.
Cochlear Implant Surgery_ Regaining the Gift of Hearing.pdfENTDoctorMumbai
Cochlear implant surgery, spearheaded by Dr. Meenesh Juvekar, is a transformative procedure offering renewed hearing to individuals grappling with severe or profound hearing loss. For those facing communication barriers, these implants serve as a gateway to a richer, more engaged life.
Thia presentation is about how to assess hearing loss, how to categorise it, how to investigate it, and finally how to rehabilitate the deaf people of different ages
أنت تملك الكثير ولقد كرمك المولى عز وجل وحباك بالكثير من النعم والناس فى كد وتعب لنيل شرف السبق للتمتع بنعم الله عليهم واليد العاملة أفضل عند الله من الأيدى العاطلة , واليد العليا خير عند الله من اليد السفلى فاطلب معالى الأمور وابتغى فيما آتاك الله الدار الآخرة ولا تنسى نصيبك من الدنيا وأحسن إلى نفسك وأهلك وجيرانك , وأحسن فى قولك وفعلك , ولا داعى للقلق على مستقبل فالمستقبل تصنعه بنفسك لنفسك بمراد الله
إن للحوار مع الآخرين فن وآداب , ولطلب العلم آداب , زللزيارة آداب وللجلوس فى الأندية والأماكن العامة آداب , وترك المراء فضيلة , الصدق فى الكلمة فضيلة , وغيرها من فضائل الكلام والحوار فى هذه المحاضرة
يواجه النشء فى القرن الحادى والعشرين تحديات جمة , لذا كان لزاما علينا التنويه بهذه التحديات , وترشيد الآباء والأمهات إلى الوسائل الناجعة لتحصيين الناشئة ضد هذه الأخطار التى تحدق بهم , فهم فلذات أكبادنا , وأمل الأمة فى النهوض بها من كبوتها .
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
3. Definition
A cochlear implant is a small, complex
electronic device used to treat
severe to profound hearing loss.
It is surgically implanted underneath
the skin behind the patient's ear.
4. purpose
A cochlear implant bypass nonfunctional parts
of the ear and directly stimulating the
auditory nerve.
It does not merely amplify sound.
It increases the amount of nervous response to
sound.
It often improves sound detection and
increases speech understanding.
5. history
Between 1965 and 1970, Dr. House teamed up
with Jack Urban, an innovative engineer, to
ultimately make cochlear implants a clinical
reality
The new devices consisted of a single electrode
and benefited from microcircuit fabrication
derived from space exploration and
computer development
6. history
Between 1965 and 1970, Dr. House teamed up
with Jack Urban, an innovative engineer, to
ultimately make cochlear implants a clinical
reality
The new devices consisted of a single electrode
and benefited from microcircuit fabrication
derived from space exploration and
computer development
7. The House 3M Single-Electrode
Implant
In 1972, a speech processor was developed to
interface with the single-electrode implant and it
was the first to be commercially marketed as the
House/ 3M cochlear implant
More than 1,000 of these devices were implanted
between 1972 to the mid 1980s
In 1980, the age criteria for use of this device was
lowered from 18 to 2 years and several hundred
children were subsequently implanted
8. Multi-Channel Implants
During the late 70s, work was also being done
in Australia, where Clark and colleagues were
developing a multi-channel cochlear implant
later to be known as the Cochlear Nucleus
Freedom
Multiple channel devices were introduced in
1984, and enhanced the spectral perception
and speech recognition capabilities
compared to House’s single-channel device
13. Description
Normal hearing , sound vibrates the eardrum.
The vibration is carried through the middle ear
and the cochlea.
Movement in the cochlear fluid is transferred to
hair fibers within the cochlea.
The movement of these hair cells stimulates
ganglion cells that send an electrical current to
the auditory nerve.
The nerve carries the current to the brain, where
the electrical stimulation is recognized as sound.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. description
Damage to the hair cells within the
cochlea (sensorineural deafness ), can
often be treated with cochlear implants
, if damage to the hair cells is not
accompanied by damage to the auditory
nerve itself.
20.
21. description
Cochlear implants consist of internal and
external parts.
The external parts include a microphone, a
speech processor, and a transmitter.
The internal parts include a receiver-stimulator
and an electrode..
22.
23. The various components are :
1. The electrode array (which is placed in the
inner ear).
2. The receiver for the electrode array.
3. The speech processor, a small electronics
package that typically is placed in the
wearer's pocket.
4. Transmitting coil and
5. Microphone, both of which are worn behind
the ear.
24.
25.
26. description
Within the headpiece, the microphone picks up
sound in the environment.
The speech processor converts these sounds into a
digital signal.
The content of the generated digital signal is
determined by the programming of the
processor and is complex.
The transmitter converts the digital signals into
FM radio signals and sends them through the
skin to the internal parts of the implant.
27.
28.
29. description
The internal parts are those that are
surgically implanted into the patient.
The receiver-stimulator is disk-shaped
and is about the size of a quarter.
It receives the digital signals from the
transmitter and converts them into
electrical signals..
30.
31.
32. description
A wire connects the receiver to a group of
electrodes that are threaded into the cochlea
when the implant is placed.
As many as 24 electrodes, depending on the
type of the implant, stimulate the ganglion
cells in the cochlea.
These cells transmit the signals to the brain
through the auditory nerve. The brain then
interprets the signals as sound.
33.
34.
35. description
The sounds heard through an implant artificial
or robot-like.
This is because the implant's electrodes cannot
match a person's 15,000 hair cells.
However, as more electrodes are added, and
the software for the implant speech are
moving closer to how speech and other
sounds are naturally perceived.
36. indications
For children who can
respond reliably,
standard pure-tone and
speech audiometry
tests are used to screen
likely candidates.
Otherwise, ABR and OAEs
can be used to detect
very young children
with severe-to-
profound hearing loss
37. indications
For children aged 12-23
months, the pure-
tone average (PTA) for
both ears should
equal or exceed 90
dB.
For individuals older
than 24 months, the
PTA for both ears
should equal or
exceed 70 dB.
38. indications
Older children are then evaluated with speech-
recognition tests with best-fit hearing aids in place
in a sound field of 55-dB
One of the most common speech-recognition tests is
the hearing in noise test (HINT), which tests speech
recognition in the context of sentences (open set
sentences)
Current guidelines permit implantation in children
whose recognition is <60%
39. Meningitis and labyrinthitis
ossificans
12 months is the current age limit the FDA has
established for implantation
However, a child with deafness due to
meningitis may develop labyrinthitis
ossificans, filling the labyrinth with bone
In these cases, special techniques may be
needed for implantation and suboptimal
outcome may result
41. Meningitis and labyrinthitis
ossificans
Using serial imaging, implant teams may monitor
patients with new deafness due to meningitis and
perform implantation at the first sign of
replacement of the scala tympani with fibrous
tissue or bone
Otherwise, implantation in patients with
postmeningitic deafness is usually recommended
after 6 months to allow for possible recovery of
hearing
42. Cochlear Abnormalities
Preoperative CT scan should always be
performed, to detect cochlear abnormalities
or absence of CN VIII
Cochlear malformations, though, do not
necessarily preclude implantation
In pediatric patients with progressive hearing
loss, neurofibromatosis II and acoustic
neuromas should be excluded by performing
MRI
44. procedure
The future site of the implant reciever is marked with
methylene blue in a hypodermic needle
This site at least 4 cm posterosuperior to the EAC,
leaving room for a behind-the-ear controller
Next, a postauricular incision is made and carried
down to the level of the temporalis fascia superiorly
and to the level of the mastoid periosteum
inferiorly
Anterior and posterior supraperiosteal flaps are then
developed in this plane
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. procedure
Next, an anteriorly based periosteal flap,
including temporalis fascia is raised, until the
spine of Henle is identified.
Next, a superior subperiosteal pocket is
undermined to accept the implant transducer
Using a mock-up of the transducer, the size of
the subperiosteal superior pocket is checked
50.
51. procedure
Next, using a 6 mm cutting burr, a cortical
mastoidectomy is drilled
It is not necessary to completely blueline the
sinodural angle, and doing so may interfere
with proper placement of the implant
transducer
52.
53.
54. procedure
Using a mock-up of the transducer for sizing, a well is
drilled into the outer cortex of the parietal bone to
accept the transducer magnet housing
Small holes are drilled at the periphery of the well to
allow stay sutures to pass through.
These suture will be used to secure down the implant
Stay sutures are then passed through the holes
55.
56. procedure
Using the incus as a depth level, the facial
recess is then drilled out
Through the facial recess, the round window
niche should be visualized
Using a 1 mm diamond burr, a cochleostomy is
made just anterior to the round window
niche
57. procedure
The transducer is then laid into the well and
secured with the stay sutures
The electrode array is then inserted into the
cochleostomy and the accompanying
guidewire is removed
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67. procedure
Small pieces of harvested periosteum are
packed in the cochleostomy around the
electrode array, sealing the hole
Fibrin glue is then used to help secure the
electrode array in place
The wound is then closed in layered fashion
and a standard mastoid dressing is applied
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. Aftercare
For a short period of time after the surgery, a special bandage
is worn on the head during sleep.
After about one month, the surgical wounds are healed and
the patient returns to the implant clinic to be fitted with
the external parts of the device and to have the device
turned on and mapped.
Mapping involves fine tuning the speech processor and setting
levels of stimulation for each electrode, from soft to loud.
The patient is then trained in how to interpret the sounds
heard through the device.
The length of the training varies from days to years,
depending on how well the person can interpret the sounds
heard through the device.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80. Normal results
Most profoundly deaf patients who receive an
implant are able to discern medium and loud
sounds, including speech, at comfortable
listening levels.
Many use sound clues from the implant,
together with speech reading and other facial
cues, to achieve understanding.
81. Normal results
Almost all adults improve their communication skills
when combining the implant with speech reading
(lip reading), and some can understand spoken
words without speech reading. More than half of
adults who lost hearing after they learned to speak
can understand some speech without speech
reading. Especially with the use of accessory
devices, the great majority can utilize the telephone
with their implants.
82.
83.
84. Risks
As with all operations, there are risks with this
surgery. These include:
infection at the incision site
bleeding
complications related to anesthesia
transient dizziness
facial paralysis (rarely)
temporary taste disturbances
additional hearing loss
device failure
85. Risks
However, it should be noted that serious
surgical complications have been observed at
only one in 10,000 procedures of this type.
Some long-term risks of the implant include the
unknown effects of electrical stimulation on
the nervous system.
It is also possible to damage the implant's
internal components by a blow to the head,
which will render the device unworkable.
86. Risks
A further consideration is that the use of magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with cochlear
implants is not recommended because of the magnets
present in the devices.
Several companies have developed implants that do not use
magnets or have altered the receiver-stimulator make up
to make it easier to remove the magnets before testing.
One fact that reduces the concern about MRI testing is that
for many medical indications, MRI can be replaced with a
computer assisted tomography scan (CAT or CT scan),
which is not a problem for persons with cochlear
implants.
87. Risks
Additionally, in July 2002, the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) issued a warning about a
possible connection between increased incidence of
meningitis and the presence of a cochlear implant.
This warning included special vaccine recommendations
for those with implants, as well as the voluntary
removal from the market of certain devices.
Specifically, those implants that included a positioner
to hold the electrodes in place in the cochlea appear
to be associated with an increased risk of the disease.