Clubbing, also known as Hippocratic fingers, is a thickening of tissues at the base of fingernails and toenails such that the normal angle between the nail and digit is filled in. It is caused by increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which induces vascular changes and tissue proliferation in the nails. Common causes include lung diseases like bronchitis and lung cancer, as well as non-lung conditions such as liver cirrhosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Clubbing can range from nail bed fluctuation to severe bony changes in the fingers known as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.