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Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract. Massive hemoptysis is defined as expectorating more than 100-600 mL of blood over 24 hours. True hemoptysis presents as bright red blood with an alkaline pH, while blood from the gastrointestinal tract appears dark red with an acidic pH. Common causes of hemoptysis include bronchial disease, parenchymal lung disease, lung vascular disease, and cardiovascular or blood disorders. A thorough history and physical exam can help determine the underlying cause and severity.
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Hemoptysis
- 1. HEMOPTYSIS Sanjay Kumar S 080201376
- 2. HEMOPTYSIS Definition Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract, a spectrum that varies from blood-streaking of sputum to coughing up large amounts of pure blood. Massive hemoptysis – Expectoration of >100-600 ml over a 24-h period.
- 3. Features to differentiatebetween true hemoptysis and blood originating from gastrointestinal tract True hemoptysis - Colour : Bright red pH : Alkaline Blood originating from GIT - Colour : Dark red pH :Acidic
- 4. Causes of hemoptysis Bronchialdisease Carcinoma Bronchial oedema Bronchiectasis Foreign body Acute bronchitis Parenchymal disease Tuberculosis Trauma Suppurative pneumonia Actinomycosis Lung abscess Mycetoma Parasites (eg. Hadatid disease,flukes)
- 5. Lung vascular disease Pulmonaryinfarction Polyarteritis nodosa Goodpasture’s syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Cardiovascular disease Acute left ventricular failure Aortic aneurysm Mitral stenosis Blood disorders Leukaemia Anticoagulants Haemophilia
- 6. HISTORY • Diff from haemetemesis & epistaxis • Amount • Previous episodes • h/o inhalation exposure • Smoking • Fever • Dyspnea • Weight loss
- 7. • use ofillicit substances/risks for thromboembolism/ use of antiplatelet,anticoagulants/FB/intubation • Past h/o malignancy ,rheumatologic disease, Vascular disease, underlying lung disease-like bronchiectasis • h/o renal insufficiency
- 8. Physical examination • PICCLE-pallor,clubbing • Vitals Incl. JVP • CVS & RS • Mucocutaneous telengiectasia