Classroom observation involves a person sitting in on class sessions to record both the teacher's practices and student actions. The purposes of observation include providing feedback to teachers and training future teachers. Key aspects to observe include the instructor's words and actions, student engagement, and the interaction between teachers and students. There are different types of observers, including participant observers who interact closely in the classroom, non-participant observers who do not participate but have a planned structured approach, and structured versus non-structured approaches to recording observations.

1. Presented by:
Siwar Bdioui
Athil Mahmoudi

2. CONTENT
 What is observation ?
What is classroom observation?
What should be taken into consideration?
What are the purposes behind classroom
observation?
What are the types of observers?

3. What is observation ?
The observation method is the most commonly used
method specially in studies relating to behavioral
science. Observation is a scientific tool and the method
of data collection for the researcher. It is also a process
of recording the behavior patterns of people, objects,
and occurrences without questioning or communicating
with them.

4. What is classroom observation
A process whereby a person sits in class session,
records the teacher’s teaching practices and
student actions, and meets with the teacher to
discuss observation.

5. What should be taken into
consideration ?
 Recording what the instructor is doing and saying.
 What the students are doing and saying.
 The interaction between the teacher and the
students.

6. Through classroom observation, observer can see
three aspects of the teaching-learning system:
Input resources (e.g. professional development)
Teachers’ interaction competence
Learning outcomes

7. What is the purpose of
classroom observation?
Allows teachers to:
Receive feedback from an objective, experienced observer.
Engage in context specific discussions about teaching
delivery with the observer.
Train future teachers and give them an opportunity
to see the practical of what they have learnt .

8. Types of observers
 Participant observer
 Non-Participant observer
 Structured observer
 Non- Structured observer

9. Participant observer
 physical immersion of observer in a classroom in which he
seeks to observe the behavior of members of that
classroom.
 In-depth study of the members within the classroom.
 Close interaction and relation between observer and
subject.

10. Non-Participant observer
 Observer observes but does not participate in what is
going on in the classroom.
 Observations are Planned and structured.
 Observer abstains himself from his physical presence
in the class.

11. Structured observer
 Direct observation of behavior and recording of the behavior and
the recording of that behavior in term of categories that have
been devised prior to start data collection.
 Explicitly formulated rules for observation and recording of
behavior.

12. Non- Structured observer
 No use of observation schedule for recording of
behavior.
 Gives narrative account of the behavior.
 Unplanned and informal.