SUPERVISION REPORT

1. TOPIC:
CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
TECHNIQUES
Catherine Popera Mongaya
MAED STUDENT
Doc Gerlie D. Cutab
Faculty
SUPERVISION OF INSTRUCTION AND THE
ANALYSIS OF TEACHING

2. TOPIC OUTLINE
• MEANING OF CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
• DEFINITION OF CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE
• HISTORY OF CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE
• KEY DEVELOPMENTS INCLUDED IN THE EXISTENCE OF
CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE
• CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES (WITH EXAMPLES)
• ADVANTAGES OF CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE
• DISADVANTAGES OF CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE
• REFLECTION : MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
TECHNIQUE
• QUESTION

3. What is CLASSROOM
OBSERVATION?

4. Classroom observation refers to the process of
systematically watching and analyzing what happens in a
classroom setting. It involves observing the interactions
between teachers and students, instructional strategies
employed, student engagement levels, classroom
management techniques, and overall learning environment.
The purpose of classroom observation is often to assess
teaching effectiveness, identify areas for improvement,
provide feedback to teachers, and inform decision-making
related to curriculum development, professional
development, and educational policies.

5. CITED
He is a researcher/author
Matthew T. Hora, from
University of Wisconsin
Madison
Classroom observation
is a method of directly observing
teaching practice as it unfolds in real
time, with the observer or analyst taking
notes and/or coding instructional
behaviors in the classroom or from
videoed lessons.

6. What is
CLASSROOM
OBSERVATION
TECHNIQUE?

7. Classroom observation techniques refer to
various methods used to systematically observe
and evaluate teaching practices, student
engagement, and classroom dynamics. These
techniques are employed by educators,
administrators, researchers, and evaluators to
assess teaching effectiveness, inform decision-
making, and promote professional development

8. HISTORY of Classroom Observation Techniques:
The history of classroom
observation techniques in the
Philippines reflects the evolution
of educational practices and the
adoption of various approaches to
assess teaching and learning.

9. KEY DEVELOPMENTS HAVE INCLUDED:
1. TRADITIONAL SUPERVISION
Historically, classroom observation in the
Philippines may have begun with
traditional supervision methods where
school administrators or supervisors
periodically visited classrooms to assess
teachers' performance informally.

10. KEY DEVELOPMENTS HAVE INCLUDED:
2. FORMALIZATION
With the professionalization of teaching and
the establishment of formal educational
systems, structured observation techniques
likely emerged. This could include the
development of observation protocols and
checklists to standardize the evaluation
process.

11. KEY DEVELOPMENTS HAVE INCLUDED:
3. INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL TRENDS
The adoption of different educational philosophies
and approaches, such as behaviorism,
constructivism, and student-centered learning,
likely influenced the types of observation
techniques used. Observers may have focused on
different aspects of teaching based on prevailing
educational theories.

12. KEY DEVELOPMENTS HAVE INCLUDED:
4. INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY
In recent decades, the integration of
technology into education has likely
influenced classroom observation techniques.
Video recording, digital assessment tools, and
online observation platforms may have
become more prevalent for conducting
observations and providing feedback.

13. KEY DEVELOPMENTS HAVE INCLUDED:
5. RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Educational research and innovation have
also contributed to the development of new
observation methods and tools. Researchers
may have conducted studies to validate
observation techniques or explore innovative
ways to assess teaching effectiveness.

14. KEY DEVELOPMENTS HAVE INCLUDED:
6. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Classroom observation is often used as a tool
for teacher professional development in the
Philippines. As such, observation techniques
may have evolved in response to changing
perspectives on effective teaching practices
and the need for continuous improvement
among educators.

15. While the specific history of classroom
observation techniques in the
Philippines may not be extensively
documented, it is likely that they have
evolved in parallel with global trends
in educational assessment and
professional development.

16. Effective classroom observation techniques for 21st-century
learners here in the Philippines, focus on assessing a combination of
traditional teaching methods and modern, technology-integrated
approaches.

17. Here are some Classroom Observation Techniques:
1. Direct Observation
Observers physically sit in the
classroom and take notes on
teaching methods, student
behavior, and teacher-student
interactions.

18. EXAMPLE:
In a high school science class, the principal conducts a direct
observation. They quietly enter the classroom and sit at the back,
observing the lesson on chemical reactions. Throughout the class, the
principal takes detailed notes on the teacher's instructional methods,
such as the use of visual aids and hands-on demonstrations. They also
observe student behavior, noting engagement levels and interactions
between peers. Additionally, the principal observes the dynamics of
teacher-student interactions, paying attention to how the teacher
responds to student questions and provides feedback. After the
observation, the principal uses their notes to provide constructive
feedback to the teacher and discuss areas for improvement.

19. Here are some Classroom Observation Techniques:
2. CHECKLISTS
Observers use predefined
checklists to note specific
behaviors, teaching strategies,
or classroom elements they
want to assess.

20. EXAMPLE:
During a classroom observation of an elementary school math lesson,
the observer uses a predefined checklist to assess specific behaviors
and teaching strategies. The checklist includes items such as:
1. Introduction of lesson objectives
2. Use of visual aids and manipulatives
3. Student engagement and participation
4. Clarity of explanations
5. Differentiation of instruction
6. Classroom management techniques
7. Provision of feedback to students

21. Throughout the lesson, the observer marks off each
item on the checklist based on what they observe. For
example, they note that the teacher effectively
introduces the lesson objectives but could improve in
providing differentiated instruction to meet the needs of
diverse learners. After the observation, the observer
uses the checklist to provide feedback to the teacher,
highlighting areas of strength and areas for growth
based on the observed criteria.

22. Here are some Classroom Observation Techniques:
3. VIDEO RECORDING
Some observations are done via
video recording, allowing for
detailed analysis and review of
teaching practices and student
engagement.

23. EXAMPLE:
In a middle school English class, a teacher decides to use video
recording for classroom observation purposes. They set up a camera
at the back of the classroom to capture the entire lesson. Throughout
the class, the teacher engages students in a discussion about a novel
they've been reading, focusing on literary analysis and critical thinking
skills.
After the lesson, the teacher reviews the video recording, paying
close attention to their instructional strategies, student participation
levels, and overall classroom dynamics. They note moments where
students are actively engaged and participating in the discussion, as
well as areas where they could improve their facilitation of the
conversation or provide clearer instructions.

24. The teacher also reflects on their use of questioning techniques and
how they scaffolded the discussion to ensure all students had the
opportunity to contribute. Additionally, they observe student
reactions and interactions to gauge their understanding and
engagement with the material.
Based on their analysis of the video recording, the teacher identifies
areas of strength in their teaching practice and areas for growth. They
use this reflection to inform their future lesson planning and
instructional approach, ultimately aiming to enhance student learning
and engagement in the classroom.

25. Here are some Classroom Observation Techniques:
4. PEER OBSERVATION
Teachers observe each
other's classes to provide
feedback and share best
practices.

26. EXAMPLE:
At a high school, two English teachers, Sarah and John, participate in a
peer observation program. Sarah observes John's literature class while
John observes Sarah's writing workshop.
During the observation, Sarah takes notes on John's instructional
methods, student engagement, and classroom management
techniques. She notices how John incorporates multimedia
presentations to enhance student understanding of the text and
encourages lively class discussions. Sarah also observes how John
effectively uses questioning techniques to promote critical thinking
among students.

27. After the observation, Sarah meets with John to provide feedback. She
highlights the strengths she observed, such as his engaging teaching style
and effective use of multimedia resources. Sarah also offers suggestions for
improvement, such as providing more opportunities for student
collaboration and incorporating formative assessment strategies.
In return, John observes Sarah's writing workshop, where he takes note of
her clear explanations of writing concepts and student-centered approach
to feedback. After the observation, John provides feedback to Sarah,
sharing his observations and offering recommendations for enhancing
student writing skills.
Through peer observation, Sarah and John not only receive valuable
feedback on their teaching practices but also have the opportunity to share
best practices and collaborate to improve student learning outcomes in
their respective classrooms.

28. Here are some Classroom Observation Techniques:
5. STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
Observers may conduct
interviews with teachers before
or after the observation to
gather more information about
their teaching methods and

29. EXAMPLE:
Before conducting a classroom observation, a school administrator
schedules a structured interview with a math teacher, Ms. Rodriguez.
During the interview, the administrator asks Ms. Rodriguez about her
teaching methods, instructional strategies, and goals for the upcoming
lesson. Ms. Rodriguez discusses her use of differentiated instruction to
meet the needs of diverse learners and her plan to incorporate real-world
examples to make the lesson engaging for students.
After the interview, the administrator conducts the classroom observation,
taking note of Ms. Rodriguez's instructional practices, student engagement,
and classroom environment. Following the observation, the administrator
schedules another structured interview with Ms. Rodriguez to gather more
information about her reflections on the lesson and any areas where she
may need support or professional development.

30. During the post-observation interview, Ms. Rodriguez reflects on her
teaching experience, highlighting successful aspects of the lesson and
areas where she encountered challenges. She discusses strategies for
addressing these challenges and expresses interest in further
professional development opportunities to enhance her teaching
practice.
Through structured interviews conducted before and after the
observation, the administrator gains valuable insights into Ms.
Rodriguez's teaching approach, goals, and areas for growth. This
information can inform professional development planning and
support efforts to improve teaching effectiveness and student learning
outcomes.

31. Here are some Classroom Observation Techniques:
6. STUDENT FEEDBACK
Gathering feedback from
students through surveys or
interviews can provide valuable
insights into teaching
effectiveness and classroom

32. EXAMPLE:
Gathering feedback from students through surveys or interviews can
be an invaluable tool for educators and school administrators to gain
insights into teaching effectiveness and classroom dynamics.
When students are asked to provide feedback on their learning
experiences, they offer a unique perspective that may not be fully
captured through traditional observation methods. Students can
provide valuable insights into aspects such as teaching methods,
communication styles, classroom atmosphere, and their own learning
preferences.

33. ADVANTAGES OF
CLASSROOM
OBSERVATION
TECHNIQUES

34. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
1.Teacher Professional Development
Observation provides valuable insights into a
teacher's instructional practices, allowing for
targeted professional development. Feedback
from observations can be used to identify
areas of strength and areas that may require
improvement, fostering continuous growth.

35. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
2. Evidence-Based Feedback
Classroom observations provide concrete
evidence of teaching practices. This evidence-
based feedback helps teachers understand
their impact on student learning and allows
for more specific and actionable
recommendations for improvement.

36. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
3. Promotion of Reflective Teaching
Observations encourage reflective teaching
practices. Teachers who undergo observations
are often more inclined to reflect on their
methods, strategies, and decisions, leading to
a deeper understanding of their teaching and
its effects on students.

37. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
4. Tailored Support and Coaching
By regularly observing teachers,
administrators can offer tailored support and
coaching. Identifying individual needs allows
for more targeted professional development
plans, fostering a collaborative and supportive
school culture.

38. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
5. Improvement of Instructional Strategies
Observations help educators refine and
improve instructional strategies. Teachers can
experiment with new techniques and receive
feedback on their effectiveness, leading to the
adoption of best practices for enhanced
student engagement and learning outcomes.

39. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
6. Promotion of a Positive School Culture
When observations are conducted in a
constructive and supportive manner, they
contribute to a positive school culture. Teachers
feel valued and supported, and collaboration
between administrators and educators becomes
a foundation for school improvement.

40. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
7. Alignment with Educational Goals
Classroom observations can be aligned with
specific educational goals and standards. This
ensures that teaching practices are in line with
the school's mission, vision, and educational
objectives.

41. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
8. Identification of Student Needs
Observations allow educators to assess how
well instructional practices meet the diverse
needs of students. This information can
inform differentiated instruction, ensuring
that teaching methods address various
learning styles and abilities in the classroom.

42. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
9. Data for Decision-Making
Observation data provides administrators with
valuable information for decision-making.
Whether considering professional development
opportunities, resource allocation, or curriculum
adjustments, observation data contributes to
informed and strategic decision-making.

43. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
10. Continuous Quality Improvement
Classroom observations contribute to a
culture of continuous improvement. Schools
can use observation data to refine policies,
procedures, and instructional approaches,
fostering an environment of ongoing quality
enhancement.

44. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
11. Enhanced Accountability
Observations contribute to accountability in
education. Teachers are accountable for their
instructional practices, and administrators are
accountable for providing effective support
and guidance. This accountability contributes
to a culture of transparency and responsibility.

45. Advantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
12. Student Engagement and Behavior Monitoring
Observations extend beyond teacher practices
to include student engagement and behavior.
This holistic view allows educators to address
not only instructional strategies but also the
overall classroom environment and dynamics.

46. DISADVANTAGES OF
CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
TECHNIQUES

47. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
1. Subjectivity and Bias
Classroom observations can be subjective,
influenced by the observer's personal beliefs,
experiences, and biases. Different observers
may interpret the same teaching behaviors
differently, leading to inconsistencies in
evaluations.

48. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
2. Observer Effect
The presence of an observer in the classroom may
alter the natural dynamics of the teaching and
learning process. Teachers and students may
behave differently when aware that they are being
observed, potentially providing a skewed
representation of typical classroom interactions.

49. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
3. Limited Snapshot
Observations provide only a snapshot of a
teacher's performance during a specific
timeframe. This limited view may not capture the
full spectrum of a teacher's capabilities, especially
if the observation occurs during an atypical lesson
or moment.

50. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
4. Stress and Anxiety
Teachers may experience stress and anxiety
during observations, affecting their
performance. Fear of evaluation or concerns
about being judged may hinder teachers from
showcasing their typical teaching style,
leading to inaccurate assessments.

51. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
5. Time-Consumming
Classroom observations, especially when
conducted frequently, can be time-consuming for
both teachers and observers. The process requires
planning, scheduling, and post-observation
discussions, potentially taking time away from
other essential teaching and administrative duties.

52. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
6. Inconsistency in Feedback
Different observers may provide inconsistent
feedback, leading to confusion for teachers.
Without standardized observation protocols
and training for observers, variations in
feedback quality and content can occur.

53. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
7. Lack of Training for Observers
Inadequate training for those conducting the
observations can result in unreliable assessments.
Observers need to be well-trained in observation
techniques, evaluation criteria, and providing
constructive feedback to ensure the process is fair
and accurate.

54. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
8. Focus on Performance over Growth
If observations are solely used for evaluation
or accountability purposes, teachers may view
them as punitive rather than as opportunities
for professional growth. This can create a
culture of fear and hinder the open sharing of
teaching challenges.

55. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
9. Neglect of Other Assessment Methods
Relying solely on classroom observations neglects
the use of other assessment methods, such as
student performance data, self-assessment, or
peer evaluations. A holistic approach that
incorporates multiple assessment tools provides a
more comprehensive understanding of teaching
effectiveness.

56. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
10. Privacy Concerns
Observations involve entering the private
space of a classroom. Privacy concerns may
arise, especially when it comes to sensitive or
personal matters being discussed or when
students' work is displayed.

57. DisAdvantages of Classroom Observation Techniques:
11. Overemphasis on Compliance
If not carefully managed, classroom
observations can lead to an overemphasis on
compliance with specific teaching methods or
curriculum standards. This may stifle creativity
and innovation in teaching.

58. To address these disadvantages, it's crucial to
implement classroom observations as part of a
broader, well-rounded system of teacher evaluation
and professional development. Providing clear
guidelines, training for observers, and ensuring that
observations are conducted in a supportive and
non-threatening manner can help mitigate these
challenges

59. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
As an elementary teacher in
the Philippines, I would
generally be in favor of
being observed by my
school principal or
supervisors during my
lesson delivery in the

60. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Classroom observations
provide an opportunity for
constructive feedback and
professional development.
Feedback from supervisors
can help me identify my
strengths and areas for

61. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Being observed by school
administrators helps ensure
accountability in teaching
performance. It demonstrates
a commitment to meeting
professional standards and
delivering high-quality

62. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Observations by supervisors
can offer valuable support
and guidance. They may
provide, resources, strategies,
or mentorship to help me
address challenges and
improve my teaching

63. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Engaging in classroom observations encourages
reflective practice. It allows me to critically
evaluate my teaching methods, instructional

64. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Ultimately, the primary focus of classroom
observations is to benefit students. By receiving
feedback and support from supervisors, I can

65. REFLECTION: MY STAND ON CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
However, it's important for observations to be
conducted in a supportive and professional
manner, with a focus on growth and
improvement rather than punitive measures.
Additionally, it's essential for schools to establish
clear guidelines and procedures for classroom

66. MY PHOTOGRAPHS DURING MY CLASS OBSERVATION

67. MY OWN WORDS OF WISDOM
"In the vibrant tapestry of Philippine education, classroom
observation is the brushstroke that unveils the artistry of
teaching. Each observation is not merely a gaze but a dance – a
harmonious interplay of mentorship, inspiration, and growth. In
the Filipino classroom, where every student's potential is a star
waiting to shine, observation is the compass that guides
educators to navigate the boundless seas of knowledge, ensuring
that the shores of learning are reached with wisdom, passion, and
purpose."

68. QUESTION
How can the classroom observation
technique in the Philippines be
further refined and personalized to
empower educators, fostering an
environment that not only assesses
teaching practices but also
cultivates a culture of continuous
improvement and student-centered
learning?