This is an action research full power point presentation, it helps the readers to understand what an action research it means, steps to be followed when they conduct an action research, and how an action research can conducted in the class room and its benefits in short specifically for teaching learning processes

1. College of Education and Behavioral Sciences
By: Bayisa Eshetu
HU/CEBS/EDPM By: Mr. Bayisa. E (MA)
Action Research Tutorial for
PGDT Students

2. Ground Rules of The Tutorial
Be punctual.
Make your cellphone in “Silent
mode”.
No defaming of trainees.
Active participation is compulsory.

3. Contents: Outline of presentation
Introduction about the:-
concept,
goals and
classifications of research
Concepts, Importance and Characteristics of
Action Research
Processes of Action Research
Preparing and Presenting Action Research
Reports

4. Objective of the module
 Explain the concepts, importance and
characteristics of action research
 Identify the processes to be followed in
conducting action research
 Conduct action research by applying your
knowledge & skills of AR.
 Write up a report of your action research
project using standard format and
procedures.

5. Unit 1. Concepts, Importance and Characteristics of Action Research
contents and sub-contents to be disused in this chapter
General tips about research
 Concepts of action research
 Importance of action research
Characteristics of action research .
Identifying and limiting a relevant
topic for investigation

6. General tips about research
What is a research?
Research: is a systematic,
controlled, empirical & critical
investigation about;
A. Educational
B. Natural
C. Behavioural
D. Social phenomena

7. General tips about research
What is a research?
Research: is a process of steps in
collecting data and analysing data for
understanding;
Its three familiar steps
A. Pose/rise question
B. Collect data to answer the question
C. present an answer to the question

8. General tips about research
What is a research?
Research is
creation of new knowledge,
use of existing knowledge in a new and
creative way so as to generate
New concepts,
methodologies and understandings

9. General tips about research
Importance of research
Research has many importance, some of
the well known importance research were
the following:
Ads knowledge
Improves practices
Create debates

10. Classification of research
I. Based on the Goal of research
1. Basic research/Pure research
2. Applied research/Action research
II.Based on Approaches of Research
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Mixed
III.Based on the Specific Objectives
1. Descriptive
2. Explanatory
3. Exploratory
4. Evaluative

11. IV. Based on Designs
1. Experimental
2. Quasi-experimental
3. Non-experimental
V. Based on time
1. Cross-sectional
2. Longitudinal
VI. Based on Type of Data
1. Primary research/Field
research
2. Secondary research/Desk
research

12. Action Research
Activity 3
1. What do you think is action
research?
2. What makes it different from
other types of research?

13. Action research: a systematic inquiry
done by teachers or other individuals in
an educational setting on the following
issues;
A. The ways their particular
educational setting operates
B. How they teach &
C. How well their students learn

14. 1. Action research pursue Action
(Change) & Research (Understanding)
at the same time.
2. AR is a process in which researchers
examine their own educational
practice, systematically & carefully,
using the techniques of research.
All in all

15. Action research
is the process by which practitioners attempt to
study their problems scientifically in order to guide,
correct and evaluate their decision and action
is fancy ways of saying lets study what happening at
our school and decide how to make it a better place
is study conducted by colleagues in a school setting
of the results of their activities to improve
instruction

16. Alternative Names of Action Research
 School-Based Research
 Teacher Research
 Practitioner Inquiry
 Teacher Professional Development
 Practitioners’ Self-Reflective Inquiry
In teaching learning context, action
research is known by many other names
such as:

17. The reasons for naming action research differently
 The settings and processes of action
research are dynamic
 The philosophy, perspectives, and
experiences of the researchers
 The contexts in which action research
sought is vary
 Objective factors

18. Traditional & Contemporary Consideration of
Action Research
In traditional sense: action research is
considered as simple routine activities of
teachers in their classrooms.
Current developments;
 It is not the usual thing teachers do
when thinking about teaching.
 It is planned, more systematic &
collaborative.
 is a deliberate and systematic
endeavor by the self into the self
for the self

19. Currently, Action research is viewed as
any systematic inquiry conducted by teachers,
school administrators, or others with vested
interest in teaching and learning process or
environment, about
how their particular schools operate,
how they teach, and
how their students learn.

20. Currently, Action research is viewed as
disciplined enquiry whereby a practitioner
systematically investigates how to improve
practice.
research conducted by practitioners for the
purpose of solving a specific problem.
practical activity of a practitioner within the
environment in which he/she works.
is based on a way of seeing the world that invests
in practice, engagement, change, collaboration,
ongoing development and ownership

21. In generally, action research
is not only a means of conducting
classroom-based research but also it is
a mechanism for engaging teachers in
reflective practice.
is about theory-in-practice aimed at
changing social practices and relations.

22. Activity 4
1. What benefits do you expect from
learning and conducting action
research?
2. To what extent you are interested
to conduct action research at your
school?
Importance of Action Research

23. Why Action Research?
 To give educators new opportunities to
reflect & assess their teaching;
 To explore and test new ideas,
methods, and materials;
 To assess how effective the new
approaches were;
 To share feedback with fellow team
members;
 To make decisions about which new
approaches to include in the practice.

24. All in all
Action research foster educators
capability in the following ways;
1. As knowledge makers, rather
than simply as knowledge users.
2. Educators feel in control of
their own professional situation.

25. Characteristics of action research
Activity 5
1. What makes action research
different from other types of
research?
2. What are the unique & key
characteristics of action
research?

26. Characteristics of action research
1. A practical focus
 A problem that will have immediate
benefits for;
a) Single teacher
b) Schools
c) Communities
2. Study of the researcher’s own practices
 This self-reflective research turns the
lens on their own
a) Educational classroom
b) School context
c) Practices

27. Collaborative
team
Teacher
Students
Staffs
Administrators
parents
Community
stakeholders

28. 4. Dynamic process/not linear
 Dynamic process of spiraling back & forth
among reflection, data collection & action.
 Does not follow a linear pattern
 Does not follow a causal sequence from
problem to action
5. Includes a plan of action
 The researcher develops a plan of proposed
implementation strategies.
 Involves a few individuals or an entire
community

29. 6. Qualitative
 It deals more often with
language than with numbers.
7. Sharing the result to stakeholders
 Local schools
 Educational personnel
 Local or state individuals
8. Reflective
 Critical reflection upon the
process and outcomes is
important in each cycle.

30. 9. Action Research Interacting Spiral (cyclical)

31. What Action Research Is Not
1. It is not the usual things teachers do
when they think about their
teaching.
 AR is systematic & involves
collecting evidence for rigorous
reflection.
2. It is not just problem-solving.
 It is learning how to improve it
from the effects of the
changes made.

32. 3. It is not research on other people
 Action research does not treat
people as objects.
4. It is not about hypothesis-testing
 It is not about using data to
come to conclusions.
5. It is concerned with changing
situations
 Not just interpreting them.

33. The Need for Action Research

34. To develop a deeper understanding of
classroom practice.
To study the weakness in their own
teaching in order to improve it;
To better understand the aspect of his/her
teaching
To help students improve their quality of
learning

35. Areas of Action Research Topics
Aspects of instructional planning:
Contents to teach:
Instructional/teaching methods
Learning assessments
You and your learning
Classroom environment /Teaching issues
Institutional/school-wide issues
Classroom management
Grading and evaluation:
Parent Teacher Association

36. Golden rules for selecting a topic
Keep it manageable – focus on small scale.
It should be interesting to you
It should be workable – can identify ways in
which you might have a go at addressing
your question.
It is not too disruptive of normal routines.
(Important here to think not just of your
own, but others’ that your actions might
affect).

37. UNIT TWO: PROCESSES OF ACTION RESEARCH
Contents to be discussed in this chapter
2.1. Dynamism Of The Processes Of Action
Research
2.2. Basic Process Of Conducting Action Research
2.3. The Nine Steps Of Action Research
2.4. Spiral Cycles Of Action Research

38. 2.1. Dynamism of The Processes of Action Research
The processes of action research is
Dynamic in nature
Vibrant ( lively) and
Does not follow a linear pattern
Cyclic in nature

39. 2.2. Basic Process of Conducting Action Research
The Four Basic Processes of Action Research is:-
1. Planning
2. Acting
3. Developing
4. Reflecting
what do I intend to
do?
What did I do?
Implementing
what happened? How
do I know what
happened?
what does this mean
for changed practice

40. 2.3. Basic Steps of Action Research Project
1. Problem identification
Considerations in selecting action research
topic;
1. Is the topic in an area where we can really
make an influence and bring about change?
2. Do we have access to the data that we will
need to conduct this research?
3. Have we chosen a topic that is achievable &
meaningful?
4. How will we assess the impact of our
research?
5. Have we considered all the ethical issues
involved in any data collection?

41. Research
2. Learning more about
your topic
Describing fully the nature of the
situation you want to improve.
Specifying the problem and formulating
research questions.
Justifying the topic and the emergent
questions.

42. Research
3. Review related literature
Include literatures that can highlight on your
topic of interest.
These sources of information may include
A. Books, Research journals
B. Web sites
C. Manuals, Modules & School documents
D. Policies and guidelines

43. Research
4. Plan & develop a strategy
for your study
Specify the method you intend to use
for carrying out your study. This includes;
A. Research design
B. Sampling techniques
C. Data collection techniques
D. Data analysis techniques

44. Research
5. Collecting data
Interviews, portfolios, individual files
Diaries, logs of meetings, field notes
Videotapes, audio tapes, case studies
photos, surveys, memos
Records, questionnaires, self-assessment
Observations, samples of student work,
checklists

45. Research
6. Data analysis
 This is interpreting the collected data in
line with your research questions.
Qualitative data analysis
Quantitative data analysis
using descriptive or inferential statistics.

46. Research
7. Developing action plan
 This is a proposed strategy for implementation
as per the findings.
8. Implementation & sharing
Results
Take action as per your findings &
action plan.
Assess the effects of the intervention
Communicate your results and actions
through oral presentations or written
reports.

47. Research
9. Reflection
Reflect upon your experience and its advantage to
improve teaching-learning
 Generally,

48. Components of Action Research Report
1.Cover page
This contains
Title
Author’s name
Supervisor’s name
Name of the institute to which
the research report is to be
submitted &
Date

49. Sample Cover Page
Improving Proposal Writing Capacity Of 3rd Year Psychology
Students: Haramaya University
By: Bayisa Eshetu
Advisor:
An Action Research Project submitted to PGDT coordinating
office for the Partial Fulfillment of Post Graduate Diploma in
Teaching(PGDT)
Haramaya University
College of Education and Behavioral Sciences
PGDT program
May,2021
Haramaya university, Haramaya.

50. 2. Table of Contents
Outlines the main headings with their
corresponding page numbers.
Includes the list of charts, graphs & tables
3. Acknowledgements
Presents the names of in individuals who
have contributed for a successful
completion of your research project.

51. 4. Acronym & Abbreviations
Here you have to indicate
 Abbreviated words, phrases or sentences
 Unfamiliar names, words & Technical
Jargons
5. Abstract
This is a short list of
Why your study was important
Procedures of data collection and analysis
Major findings
Conclusions
Proposed action, implementations &
reflection

52. 6. Background of the study
 It should contain a brief review of
relevant, up-to-date literature on the
topic.
 Justify why you conducted the study &
the significance of the problem
7. The context
 The context within which your action
research project took place.
Classroom
School
Woreda
Your responsibility & membership

53. 8. Problem Statement
Explain the origin & impetus of the
research & what led you to undertake the
study.
9. Objective/Research
question

54. 10. Methods
Focuses on the way in which the
researcher investigate the problem. This
includes;
A. The research design
B. Population and sampling
C. Data collection technique
D. Methods of data analysis
E. Successes & difficulties you had in
carrying out the research

55. 11. Outline of findings
This states what you accomplished and
found out.
The findings are the basis for the
proposed action plan.
Display your results in the form of
A. Tables, Charts & Graphs
B. Incorporate descriptive text to
explain what these visuals mean.

56. 12. Discussion
The results of the study are discussed in
line with relevant results from other up-
to-date studies.
13. Summary
This section contains a summary of The
overall research process, including
A.The research topic
B. Research questions
C. Methods, and
D.Major results.

57. 14. Conclusions
Should be summarized in short with the
key points.
Should be strong statements that
establish a relationship between the data
& visuals.
Must be supported by data.
You may also mention anything that
may be related to this.

58. 15. Action plan
Describe your plans and changes that you
intend to make as a result of your
findings.
The following questions may be raised:
A.Is the project completed?
B. Is there another scenario you wish
to research related to the project?

59. 16. Reflection
Describe your overall learning process during
your action research.
You may also prepare a portfolio. This includes;
 An overview of your problem at a general
level & why you see this as an important
challenge.
 A description of the problem that you are
researching with an action to be taken
 Reports that document the activity in each
cycle

60. Action Research Writing Format
Cover Page
Second Page
Acronyms and Abbreviation( Optional)
Acknowledgements
Abstract/ Executive Summary
Table of contents
List of Tables ( Optional)
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study( context, Significance,
Objectives)

61. Action Research Writing Format
1.2. Statement of the problems
1.3. Research questions
2. Review of related Literature
3. Methodology
3.1. Research Design
3.2. Sources of Data
3.2.1. Primary Data
3.2.2. Secondary data
3.3. Sampling size and sampling Techniques

62. Action Research Writing Format
3.4 Data Collection Tools ( Questionnaire, Interview, FGD,
Observation, documents)
4. Data Analysis( qualitative, Quantitative)
5.Discussions
5.1 Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 implications
6.Descriptions of the next Step of the Research
6.1 proposed action
6.2 Implementation
6.3 Evaluation

63. Action Research Writing Format
7. Reflection
Reference
Appendices

64. Thank you!