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• A Cover of Glass: First Report of Biomineralized Silicon in a Ciliate, Maryna umbrellata (Ciliophora:
Colpodea)
• Using hydrofluoric acid, scanning electron microscope-assisted X-ray microanalysis, and
energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, we present the first definite proof of
biomineralized silicon [(SiO2)]nin a ciliophoran protist, Maryna umbrellata, a common
inhabitant of ephemeral pools. In the trophic specimen, the amorphic silicon (glass)
granules are accumulated in the anterior half of the body. When entering the dormant
stage, most glass granules are excreted to form the surface cover of the globular resting
cyst. Most likely, the silicon granules are synthesized in vesicles of the Golgi apparatus.
First, nanospheres with a size of 20–40 nm are formed in a fibrous matrix; they grow to be
spongious complexes, eventually becoming amorphous glass granules with an average size
of 819 nm × 630 nm. In the transmission electron microscope, the silicon granules show
the characteristic fracture pattern of glass known from many other silicon-bearing
organisms. A literature survey suggests that silicon is very rare in ciliates. The fine structure
and genesis of silicon granules in M. umbrellata are very similar to those of other
organisms, including vascular plants and animals, indicating a common mechanism. Light
perception and protection against mechanical stress and predators might be functions of
the silicon granules in M. umbrellata. The palaeontological significance of glass cysts in
ciliates is also discussed.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ciliatedprotozoa-130228073229-phpapp01/85/Ciliated-protozoa-12-320.jpg)
Uploaded byMark Capil
Ciliated protozoa
This document discusses the ciliated protozoan Balantidium coli. It provides details on the morphology and life cycle of both the trophozoite and cyst stages. It examines prepared slides under the microscope and compares the pathology caused by B. coli to Entamoeba histolytica. The reservoir host of B. coli is pigs and the laboratory methods for identification include stool examination and sigmoidoscopy. An update section discusses the first report of biomineralized silicon discovered in the ciliate Maryna umbrellata.
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Ciliated protozoa
- 1. CILIATED PROTOZOA EXERCISE #12 BSMT3D GROUP 6: LOPEZ, DAVID, CAPIL
- 2. CILIATES • have ciliathat are similar to but shorter than flagella
- 3. Balantidium coli • onlyciliate that is a human parasite • largest protozoan to infect humans
- 4. PROCEDURE: • EXAMINE PREPAREDSLIDES UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
- 5. CYST OF Balantidiumcoli • Rounded INFECTIVE STAGE • 50–70 μm • Cilia • nuclear characteristics are similar to those of trophozoites.
- 6. TROPOZOITE OF Balantidiumcoli • 40-200 um • uniformly covered with cilia • large macronucleus • micronucleus is infrequently visible • food vacuoles and contractile vacuoles are present in the cytoplasm
- 7. LIFE CYCLE OFBalantidium coli
- 8. What is thereservoir host of B. coli? • Pigs • Potentially: rodents and non human primates.
- 9. Compare the pathologycaused by B. coli and E. histolytica. • Balantidiasis - most people infected with Balantidium coli experience no symptoms. • infects the large intestine in humans and produces infective microscopic cysts that are passed in the feces, potentially leading to re-infection or infection of others.
- 10. Compare the pathologycaused by B. coli and E. histolytica. • Amebiasis - symptoms are often quite mild and can include loose feces, stomach pain, and stomach cramping. • may invade mucus membranes of the colon, forming abscesses and granulomas called amebomas. • Rarely, invades the liver, lungs, or brain and forms an abscess
- 11. Give the laboratorymethods employed for Balantidium coli identification. Stool examination - wet mount is preparation -cysts or trophozoites in the patient's stools • Sigmoidoscopy - To take a tissue sample from the large intestine visually examine the intestinal lining to look for bleeding, ulcers, and inflammation in order to diagnose the cause of diarrhea and other GI complaints and obtain small tissue specimens.
- 12. Update • A Cover of Glass: First Report of Biomineralized Silicon in a Ciliate, Maryna umbrellata (Ciliophora: Colpodea) • Using hydrofluoric acid, scanning electron microscope-assisted X-ray microanalysis, and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, we present the first definite proof of biomineralized silicon [(SiO2)]nin a ciliophoran protist, Maryna umbrellata, a common inhabitant of ephemeral pools. In the trophic specimen, the amorphic silicon (glass) granules are accumulated in the anterior half of the body. When entering the dormant stage, most glass granules are excreted to form the surface cover of the globular resting cyst. Most likely, the silicon granules are synthesized in vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. First, nanospheres with a size of 20–40 nm are formed in a fibrous matrix; they grow to be spongious complexes, eventually becoming amorphous glass granules with an average size of 819 nm × 630 nm. In the transmission electron microscope, the silicon granules show the characteristic fracture pattern of glass known from many other silicon-bearing organisms. A literature survey suggests that silicon is very rare in ciliates. The fine structure and genesis of silicon granules in M. umbrellata are very similar to those of other organisms, including vascular plants and animals, indicating a common mechanism. Light perception and protection against mechanical stress and predators might be functions of the silicon granules in M. umbrellata. The palaeontological significance of glass cysts in ciliates is also discussed.
- 13. References: • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC2917745/ - update • John, D.T. Petri, W.A. Markell and Voge’s Medical Parasitology. 9th Edition. 2010 • McPherson, R.A., Pincus, M.R. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 22nd Edition. 2011 • Tortora, G.J.et al. Microbiology An Introduction. 10th Edition. 2010