This document provides information about Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum, which are parasites that cause schistosomiasis. It details their discovery, distribution, life cycles, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. S. mansoni causes intestinal schistosomiasis and is found widely in Africa and South America. S. japonicum causes more severe oriental schistosomiasis in Asia. Both have complex life cycles involving human and snail hosts. Chronic infection can lead to liver and intestinal damage. Diagnosis involves stool and blood tests to detect eggs or antibodies. Praziquantel is the treatment.

1. Schistosoma
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mansoni & japonicum

2. Contents
 Introduction/History
 Distribution
 Habitat
 Morphology and life cycle
 Clinical features
 Diagnosis
 Control

3. Schistosoma mansoni
 Also known as Manson’s blood fluke.
 In 1902 Manson discovered eggs with lateral spines.
 Sambon (1907) created a new spp. and named it as S.mansonii (
produce lateral spined eggs)
 Causes Intestinal Schistosomiasis
DISTRIBUTION
 Widely distributed in Africa, South America and Caribbean islands.

4. HABITAT
• Adult worms reside in inferior mesenteric vein.
MORPHOLOGY
• It resembles S.haematobium except
1. Eggs have characteristic lateral spines.
2. Adult worms are smaller and their integuments are
studded with coarse tubercles

5. S.Mansoni S.hematobium S.Japonicum
Lateral spine

6. LIFE CYCLE
 Definitive host: Humans
sometimes monkeys, dogs.
 Intermediate host: Fresh water
snails of Biomphalaria.
 Infectious form is fork tailed
cercaria.
MAN
MAN
SNAIL
Egg-
Miracidium
Cercaria

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 ACUTE SCHISTOSOMIASIS
1. Cercarial dermatitis ( also called Swimmer’s itch)
 Pruritic rash is common manifestation
2. Katayama fever
 Fever, weakness, right upper quadrant pain , arthralgia are
common symptoms

9. KATAYAMA FEVER
Multiple small papules on trunk Several ill – defined nodular infiltrates

10. CHRONIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS:
1. GI Schistosomiasis:
• Abdominal pain and mucosal diarrhea and blood in stool is
common symptom.
• Periportal fibrosis is common symptom which progresses to
portal HTN, and GI hemorrhage.
2. Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis
• This condition manifests as peripheral fibrosis, ascites ,
splenomegaly.
• Also associated with follicular lymphoma of spleen

11. DIAGNOSIS
 Stool microscopy for eggs with lateral spine
 Serological diagnosis by detecting Schistosomal antigen and
antibodies by ELISA, Latex agglutination, CIEP,RIA.
 Ultrasonography is sensitive method for detecting periportal fibrosis,
splenomegaly
Treatment: Praziquantel – Single oral dose of 40mg/kg body weight.
Oxamniquine (15mg/kg body wt)

12. Schistosoma japonicum
 Schistosoma japonicum causes oriental schistosomiasis in
human
 Most pathogenic Schistosoma spp.
 This condition was first described by physician Fujii and their
eggs were demonstrated by Fujinami.
 DISTRIBUTION
 Found in far East, Japan , China ,Taiwan

13. HABITAT
• Adult worms are in superior mesenteric vein.
• Also seen in hemorrhoidal plexus.
MORPHOLOGY
• The eggs are relatively smaller and more spherical
and has no lateral spine but shows rudimentary
lateral knob.
• About 3500 eggs may be passed daily by a single
worm

15. Morphology-Egg
Lateral knob

16. LIFE CYCLE
 Definitive host: Humans domestic
animals like dogs.
 Intermediate host: Fresh water snails of
Oncomelania.
 Infectious form is fork tailed cercaria.

18. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 ACUTE SCHISTOSOMIASIS
1. Cercarial dermatitis
2. Katayama fever
 Fever, weakness, chills, eosinophilia , cough are common symptoms
 Because of higher egg output clinical manifestations are more
severe

19. CHRONIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS:
1. GI Schistosomiasis:
• Development of liver fibrosis/ Symmers’ clay pipestem
fibrosis , cor pulmonale are important complications.
1. CNS Schistosomiasis
• Headache, seizures, parasthesia are common symptoms.

21. USG OF LIVER

22. DIAGNOSIS
 Stool microscopy for typical eggs.
 Serological diagnosis by detecting schistosomal antigen and
antibodies.
 Ultrasonography is also done.
Treatment: Praziquantel

23. Prevention & Control
 Eradication of intermediate molluscan host (snail)
 Prevention of environmental pollution by faeces
 Effective treatment of infected persons
 Avoid bathing, swimming, washing in infected water

24. Conclusion

25. REFERENCE
 Textbook of Medical Parasitology SC Parija
 Panicker's Textbook of Medical Parasitology

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