Chitosan is derived from chitin, which is found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan nanoparticles can be synthesized through a process involving deacetylation of chitin with sodium hydroxide. Chitosan has a variety of applications including in photography, cosmetics, as artificial skin, surgical dressings, food and nutrition supplements, ophthalmology, water remediation, textile dye removal, paper finishing, batteries, fluorescence, drug delivery, pharmaceutical tablets, and can be modified to improve its properties.

1. Chitosan Nanoparticle synthesis
J. Uthaya chandirika
Research scholar
U/G Dr. G. Annadurai
Sri Paramakalyani Centre for
Environmental Sciences,
Manonmaniam Sundranar
university,
Alwarkurichi-Tirunelveli

2. Introduction-Chitin

4. Chitin
• Chitin is a natural muco polysaccharide and is a major
component of arthropod crustacean cells e.g., lobsters,
Shrimps and Crabs are common sources of chitin,
• structural component in the exoskeleton of arthropods are in
the cell wall of some fungi and yeast.

7. Chitin…
Chitin is an unbranched β (1→4) linked polymer of
2-acetamide-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose.

8. Chitin…
• Chitin occurs in two forms,
• α-chitin - found in Fungal and yeast cells, shrimps
• β-chitin - found in squid pens.

9. Chitin to Chitosan
Crustacean shells
Size reduction
Protein separation (Na OH)
Washing demineralization (HCL)
Decolouration
De acetylation (Na OH)
Washing dewatering
Chitosan

14. Chitosan
• Chitosan is positively charged, making it able to
adhere to negative charged surface.
• Chitosan is soluble in diverse acids to interact with
polycations to form complexes and Gels.
• It is safe nontoxic and is biodegradable.

15. Structure of chitin and Chitosan

16. Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticle
Glycial acetic acid 4ml + 296 ml of Distilled H2O
Added littlie by littlie in Chitosan 3 gm
Added Sodium Tripolyphosphate 2 gm in 200 ml distilled water
Freeze 40 c for 24 hrs
Precipitate setteled at bottom-collected
Hot air oven 50 c 24 hrs dry (CNP)

17. Applications of
Chitosan

18. • The importance of Chitosan applications in photography is
because of its resistance in abrasion,
• its optical characteristics and film forming and silver
complexes are not appreciably retained by Chitosan and
therefore can be easily penetrated from one layer to another of
film by diffusion.
Photography

19. Cosmetics
• Chitosan has good application in cosmetics, because it is an
organic acid and is a good solvent and having fungicidal and
fungistatic properties
• It is the only cationic gum that becomes viscous when
neutralized with acid.
• It is commercially used in creams, lotions, and permanent
waving lotion.

20. Chitosan as artificial skin
• Patients suffering from extensive loss of skin, commonly in
fires have found the use of chitosan for treatment on healing
and fibroplasias of wounds caused by scalpel insertions in skin
and subcutaneous tissue.
• Artificial skin applicable to long term chronic use,
nonantigenic membrane.

21. Chitosan based dressings
• Chitosan has many biomedical properties mainly on
dressings
• Surgical dressing made of chitosan-gelatin complex.

22. Food and nutrition
• Many animals and humans have lactose intolerance
effect, in animals such as cow
• the whey production showed considerable increase by
small supplement of chitosan as feed, which
improved change in intestinal microflora as well as in
chickens, 2-0.5%
• chitosan supplement improved weight gain

23. Opthamology
• Chitosan possesses all characters of contact lens such as
optical clarity, mechanical stability, sufficient optical
correction, gas permeability, wettability and immunological
compatibility.
• Contact lens made from chitosan show modulus, tensile
strength, tear strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, thus
suitable for development of ocular bandage lenses

24. Water engineering
Metal capture from waste water:
• Chitosan N-benzylsulfonate derivatives were used as sorbents
for the metal ions in acidic medium and chitosan has a natural
selectivity for heavy metal ions, removal of Cu2+, Hg2+,
Ni2+, and Zn2+,has been enhanced by adsorption parameters
of chitosan, in which metal ions preferably absorbed on the
outer surface of chitosan.

25. Colour removal from textile dye
• Chitosan has a unique molecular structure and has
extremely has high affinity has many classes of dyes
including disperse, direct, reactive, acid, vat, sulfur, and
napthal dyes.
• The effect of temperature, pH significantly causes
adsorption of dyes and adsorption rate is enhanced by
loading thermodynamics, which indicates whether the
reaction is favoured.

27. Paper finishing
• Chitosan impart wet strength to paper, hydroxymethyl chitosan
and other water soluble derivatives are useful additives in
paper making and provide better finish paper properties

28. Solid state batteries
• Chitosan is a biopolymer which can provide ionic conductivity
when dissolved in acetic acid the conductivity is due to the
presence of protons from acetic acid, transport of this proton
occurs through many microvoids in polymer since the
dielectric constants from piezoelectric studies are small the
choice of electrode material will provide better battery system.

29. fluorescent
• Rhodamine dye gets attached to the chitosan nanoparticles by
the interaction between the amino groups of chitosan
nanoparticles forming fluorescent chitosan nanoparticles.
• The prepared fluorescent chitosan nanoprobe could be used for
cell imaging applications in near future.

30. Drug delivery system
• Controlled release technology useful for predictable and
reproducible release of an agent in a particular environment
over an extended period of time which creates optimal
response, minimum side effects, prolonged efficacy, release
dosage forms and reliability of drug therapy Biodegradable
polymers such as chitosan have been found useful because of
slow and controllable diffusion through polymeric
• materials.

31. Chitin and chitosan tablets
• Chitin and chitosan used in pharmaceutical industries as
diluents because of its versatility.

32. Modification of chitosan
• Chitosan can be modified by physical and chemical methods to
improve the mechanical and chemical properties.

36. Conclusion