extraction et valorisation de chitin

1. Presented by
Baraa Amara Mariem Rmida
Nawras Kassabi
Valorization of Chitin

2. 01
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05
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Contents
Properties of Chitin
02
Introduction
03
Applications
04
Extraction of chitin
05 Conclusion

4. The fishing industry generates significant waste, often discarded
without proper treatment.
However This waste , presents an opportunity for valuable raw
materials, particularly chitin, it’s a natural polysaccharide found
in crustaceans.
So Chitin valorization involves transforming this abundant polymer
into high-value products with applications in biomedicine,
agriculture, and more.
As we navigate dwindling natural resources, chitin valorization
emerges as a promising pathway to a circular bioeconomy,
minimizing waste and environmental impact.

5. What is chitin ?
Chitin is a natural polysaccharide (C8H13O5N)n produced
biologically in large quantities by organisms on Earth.
It is composed of three main structural forms,
alpha , beta , gamma chitin, which differ in the
arrangement of the glucosamine units. Alpha
chitin is tightly packed and rigid, while beta
chitin is more loosely structured and flexible
moreover gamma is a mixture of both.
Chitin

6. Sources of chitin :
Chitin is widely distributed in nature and is the main element of the marine
invertebrate exoskeleton and can be found in :
Insects
Crustaceans
Mollusks
Algae
Fungi
principally crabs and shrimps

8. Physical Properties of chitin
Chitin has a high tensile
strength and can withstand
significant deformation
without breaking.
Strength:
Chitin is insoluble in water and
most organic solvents. However,
it can be dissolved in certain
solvents, such as concentrated
acids and ionic liquids, under
specific conditions.
Solubility :
Chitin has a high melting
point and can be used in
high-temperature
applications without losing its
structural integrity.
.
Thermal stability:

9. Biological Properties of Chitin:
Biocompatibility:
Chitin is biocompatible,
meaning it is well-tolerated by
living organisms.
It does not elicit significant
immune responses or toxicity,
making it suitable for various
biological applications.
Biodegradability:
Chitin is biodegradable, meaning
it can be broken down by
enzymatic and microbial activity
in the environment. This
property allows for its
sustainable disposal and
minimizes its impact on
ecosystems..
Antimicrobial Activity:
Chitin exhibits inherent
antimicrobial properties. It can
inhibit the growth and
proliferation of certain bacteria
and fungi, making it useful in
wound healing, drug delivery,
and antimicrobial coatings.

12. CHEMICAL METHOD :
L
• Demineralized shells are treated with alkali (NaOH, KOH) to remove proteins.
• The alkali-insoluble portion is separated and washed until neutral.
2.Deproteinization:
• Dried shells are treated with dilute acid (HCl) to remove minerals. The acid-insoluble
portion is separated and washed until neutral, then dried to get chitin.
1.Deminerazation
• Chitin is treated with an oxidizing agent (KMnO4, H2O2) and then washed with oxalic acid.
This gives purified chitin
3.Decolorization:
• Purified chitin is treated with concentrated alkali for hours to get chitosan. The alkali is
separated and the product is washed until neutral and dried.
4.Deacetylation

13. The acid and alkali treatments in chemical
extraction could be a source of environmental
problems, thus biological treatments offer an
alternative.
Lactic acid producing bacteria have been used for
demineralization of crustacean.
The biological treatment done by different species
of lactic or non lactic acid producing bacteria's
such as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. salivarius, L.
paracasei, Serratia marcescens.
BIOLOGICAL
METHOD :

17. Chitin and chitosan, which are naturally occurring
biopolymers derived from crab and shrimp shells, have
gained significant interest in recent decades due to their
wide range of potential applications. Their unique
properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and
non-toxicity make them suitable for a variety of uses.
 The main applications of chitin and chitosan include:
Applications in various industries
Wastewater treatment
Food applications
Biomedical uses
Biotechnology

18. • removal and binding of dyes
• removal and binding of heavy metals
• sludge treatment and dehydration
agent
• biological denitrification
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Wastewater

19. Food industry
chitin affinity chromatography to selectively adsorb
chitinase from a fermentation broth
enzyme and whole cell immobilizer
production from L. paracasei, Pseudomonas and
Streptomyces species
microorganism immobilization for bioremediation of
seawater polluted with crude oil
support for biosensors
bioseparation

20. burn and wound dressings for humans and animals
antitumour activity
drug delivery, gene delivery
artificial skin, pharmacy
Biomedical

21. Biotechnology
food and nutrition
bioconversion for the production of value-added
food products
preservation of food
filmogenic properties – food wrapping
filtration and clarification of fruit juices
antioxidant
phenolic compound adsorption

22. Conclusion
and recommendation :
Although the different sources of chitin and chitosan were the first to be found in
history, crustacean chitins are still the most commercially available.
In conclusion, chitin and chitosan are promising biomaterials with a wide range of
potential applications. Their unique properties, such as biodegradability,
biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity, make them attractive for use in various
fields, including biomedicine, agriculture, food, and environmental remediation.
However, their widespread practical implementation is limited due to several
factors, including challenges in reproducing their biological effects.
To overcome these challenges, we End with a call to action, encouraging the audience
to consider the potential of chitin and its potential to contribute to a more
sustainable future.

23. Refernces