The main objective is to extend the shelf life or to improve the quality and saftey of the packed food. It involves uses of Antioxidants , Antimicrobials, and other naturally/synthetic molecules to achieve this goal. When anti-microbial systems such as silver based or Triclosan incorporated into conventional polymers such as PE,PP,PVC is called ACTIVE PACKAGING When substance such as oils, chitosan,bio flavonoids etc. Known for their microbial, antithrombotic,antioxidant, antiinflamatory,cholestrol lowering and anti cancer properties when incorporated into packaging material constitute BIOACTIVE PACKAGING. Suitable bioactive substances for incorporation into package wall include, phenolic compounds, phytoestrogens, cartenoids, organosulphur compounds, plant sterols, sutable dietary fiber, prebiotics, enzymes etc

1. BIOACTIVE PACKAGING
Jeff Jose
CBPST kochi

2. Introduction
• Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting
products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.
• The principal function of packaging is protection and
preservation of food from external contamination. This
function involves retardation of deterioration, extension of
shelf life, and maintenance of quality and safety of packaged
food.
• Biodegradable polymers are the one which fulfill all these
functions without causing any threat to the environment

3. Active packaging
• The main objective is to extend the shelf life or to improve the
quality and saftey of the packed food.
• It involves uses of Antioxidants , Antimicrobials, and other
naturally/synthetic molecules to achieve this goal.
• When anti-microbial systems such as silver based or Triclosan
incorporated into conventional polymers such as PE,PP,PVC is
called ACTIVE PACKAGING

5. Active packaging
system
Mechanisms Food application
 Oxygen scavengers 1. iron based
2. metal/acid
3. metal (e.g.
platinum) catalyst
4. Ascorbate metallic
salts
5. enzyme based
bread, cakes, cooked
rice, biscuits, pizza,
pasta, cheese, cured
meats and fish, coffee,
snack foods, dried
foods and
Beverages.
 Ethylene scavengers 1. potassium
permanganate
2. activated carbon
3. activated
clays/zeolites
fruit, vegetables and
other
horticultural products
Examples of active packaging systems

6. Active packaging
system
Mechanisms Food application
 Ethanol emitters
1. alcohol spray
2. encapsulated
ethanol
pizza crusts, cakes,
bread,
biscuits, fish and
bakery
 Carbon dioxide
scavengers/emitters
1. iron oxide/calcium
hydroxide
2. ferrous
carbonate/metal
halide
3. calcium
oxide/activated
charcoal
coffee, fresh meats
and fish, nuts and
other snack food
products and sponge
cakes

7. BIO ACTIVE PACKAGING
• When substance such as oils, chitosan,bio flavonoids etc.
Known for their microbial, antithrombotic,antioxidant,
antiinflamatory,cholestrol lowering and anti cancer properties
when incorporated into packaging material constitute
BIOACTIVE PACKAGING.
• Suitable bioactive substances for incorporation into package
wall include, phenolic compounds, phytoestrogens,
cartenoids, organosulphur compounds, plant sterols, sutable
dietary fiber, prebiotics, enzymes etc

8. Methods of incorporation of bioactive
substance
1. Incorporation of bioactive substance into a sachet in the
package.
2. Direct incorporation of bioactive substance into the package
wall
3. Coating the packaging material with a matrix that serves a
carrier of bio active substance.
4. Use of inherently bioactive polymers exhibiting film forming
properties that can be chemically modified or polymers that
can be chemically modified to produce bioactive properties.
5. Use of bioactive edible coatings directly applied into the
food.

9. Anti oxidant application of bio active packaging
• In a study carried out by Gemili etal(2010)
• Cellulose acetate film with different morphological
characteristics were prepared with different morphological
characteristics were prepared by solution casting containing
the natural anti oxidants L-ascorbic acid and L-tyrosins. Pore
size and thus diffusion of antioxidants from the CA film were
controlled by adjusting the CA content in the casting solution.
• Thus controlled release of antioxidant was achieved

10. Antimicrobial application of bioactive food
packaging
• Chitosan edible films incorporating garlic oil was
prepared by pranoto etal (2005) with
conventional food preservatives potassium
sorbate and bacteriosin nisin as antimicrobial
agents aganist E-coli, Listeria monocytogenes,
staphyloccus aureus,bacillus cerevus and
salmonella thyphimurium.
• Garlic oil composed of sulphur compounds such
as allicin, diallyl disulphide, and di-allyl trisulphide
which possesses anti microbial activity

11. Factors to be considered in manufacturing of
active/bioactive films
1. Chemical nature of film, process conditions and residual
antimicrobial/antioxidant activity
2. Characteristics of anti microbial/antioxidant substance and
specific foods.
3. Chemical interaction of additives with film matrix
4. Mass transfer coefficients
5. Physical properties of packaging material
6. Environmental conditions such as storage, temperature, and
RH

12. Functions of Bioactive agents
1. inhibition of micro-organisms : Prevent pathogenic
spoilage/microorganism growth using anti microbial agents.
2. Inhibition of oxidation: prevent oxidative deterioration of fat
components in food products in responsible for off flavour and
rancidity.
Addition of antioxidants block the oxidative chain reactions of
oxygen with un saturated fatty acids resulting in preservation.
3. oxygen scavenging :
presence of oxygen facilitate –
a. Growth of aerobic bacteria ,yeast, molds
b. Discoloration, loss of nutrient value
4. Other : conversion of sugars, removal of cholesterol, suppression of
enzymatic borrowing, juice de-bittering, nutrient etherification, aroma
release, insect repellence.

13. Sources of bioactive agents
Essential oils Flavanoids
Animal derived
peptides
Plant
derived
enzymes
•Betel oil
•Cinnamon oil
•Clove oil
•Catechins
•Rutin
•quercetin
•Soy protein
hydrolysate
•Corn
protein
hydrolysate
•Lactoferrin
•Hepcidin
•Milk protein
hydrolysates
•Dermaseptin
•Glucose
oxidase and
catalase
•Alcohol oxidase
and catalase
•lactase

14. • Bioactive polymer systems may be classified as migratory
bioactive polymers and non-migratory bioactive polymers
according to the release mechanism of active agents and the
biodegradable polymer system.
• Bioactive agents can be incorporated through immobilization
or release allowing techniques, depending on the mechanism
of action of the agent.
1. Non-migratory bioactive polymer system (NMBPS)
Non-migratory polymers can be defined as polymers with
bioactivity without the active components migrating from
the polymer to the substrate.
Bio-Active polymer systems

15. • NMBPS is used as moisture absorber, oxygen scavenging
system and ethylene scavenger and it is under investigation in
the area of in-package enzymatic processing and non-
migratory antimicrobial packaging.
• Generally, NMBPS can be divided into two main groups:
1. Inherently bioactive polymers
e.g. polymers containing free amines have antibacterial
activity
2. Polymers with immobilized bioactive compounds.
polymer modified with bioactive agents that hold specific
properties.

16. Inherently bioactive polymers
• Polymers that belong to this group are naturally bioactive
themselves without any additional compound. At present,
various polymers display inherent antimicrobial properties,
chitosan and UV-treated polyamide
1. Chitosan
Chitosan is one of the most common polysaccharide based on
chitin and is widespread in nature, e.g. in crab shells, lobsters,
shrimps, insects and mushrooms.
It is a β-1, 4-linked polymer of 2-acetamido-2
deoxyglucopyranose (GlcNAc) and 2amino-2-deoxy-
glucopyranose (GlcN), and is investigated as a non-toxic,
biodegradable and biocompatible material.

17. • It is more effective against spoilage yeast and some Gram-
negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhinurium.
• Chitosan is mostly used in antimicrobial films to supply edible
protective coating and it can be formed into fibers, films, gels,
sponges, beads or nanoparticles.

18. Migratory bioactive polymeric system
• bioactive agents can release from the polymeric
system due to incorporation methods of active agent
into polymer matrix
• For example, direct incorporation methods and
coating techniques allow migration of bioactive
agents. MBPS may be divided into two groups
depending on the nature of the bioactive agent
 volatile
 Non volatile

19. • Non-volatile MBPS
Non-volatile active agents are incorporated directly into
packaging material or placed between the package and the
food.
In case of compounds attached to the packaging material,
they transfer from the polymer system to the food surface
through diffusion which is described in Figure 1b.

20. Controlled release technology
• A migratory bioactive system can be designed as a controlled
release system that plays an important role for the sustained
constant concentration of bioactive agent in food and
pharmaceutical products without waste of bioactive agent for
a long period of time.
• If the migration rate of antimicrobial agent is faster than the
growth of microorganisms, added antimicrobial agent will be
weakened to less than the effective critical concentration
before the expected pe.
• Therefore, the migration rate of active agent from the
packaging must be controlled specifically.

21. • Recently, the biopolymers including poly lactic acid,
polyglycolides and polyorthoesters have been important in
controlled release.
• In Figure 3, various types of controlled release systems are
distinguished according to the release control mechanism

22. Applications
• Ethylene absorber: sca packaging
The fruit crate “fruit fresh”, made
of corrugated cardboard, uses the
hollow spaces between the
corrugations to apply active
materials (Kaolin & Zeolithe), in
this case an ethylene absorber

24. FRESH THINKING STRATEGY: LINPAC PACKAGING
Biomaster Antimicrobial Technology is a
silver-based additive that can be introduced
into any plastic, paper, textile, paint or coating
product.
Treated products have been proven to
reduce the growth of Campylobacter on
their surface by up to 99.99%.

26. Conclusion
• Active packaging is an emerging and exciting area of food
technology that can confer many preservation benefits on a
wide range of food products.
• The objectives of this technology are to maintain sensory
quality and extend the shelf life of foods whilst at the same
time maintaining nutritional quality and ensuring microbial
safety.
• The new advances have mostly focused on delaying oxidation
and controlling moisture migration, microbial growth,
respiration rates, and volatile flavours and aromas.
• Biopolymers have highly influenced the packaging sector
greatly.

27. Reference
• Bioactive Food Packaging: Strategies, Quality, Safety - Michael
Kontominas
• Bioactive polymeric systems for food and medical
packaging applications -Onon Otgonzul
• Biopolymers for packaging technologies - Center of
Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials
• Preparation and properties of bioactive packaging
materials on the starch base - Hana Smítková, Miroslav Marek,
Jaroslav Dobiáš
• Active Packaging in Food Industry: A Review by Priyanka
Prasad, Anita Kochhar