1) In the early 20th century, China was in turmoil following the fall of the last emperor. Sun Yat-sen led the nationalist Kuomintang party and established a government in southern China. 2) In the 1920s-1930s, the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party formed an alliance against their common enemies, but later had a falling out and fought in a civil war. 3) By 1949, Mao Zedong had led the Communist Party to victory over the nationalists. Mao established the People's Republic of China, while the nationalists retreated to Taiwan. China was then divided between communist mainland China and nationalist Taiwan.

1. COMMUNIST TAKE POWER IN CHINA Chapter 17-Section 2

2. Kuomintang Power 1911 – Sun Yixian (Chinese Nationalist Movement) overthrows last emperor (Pu Yi)

3. “Three Principles of the People” 1. Nationalism- an end to foreign control 2. people’s rights- democracy 3. people’s livelyhood- economic security for al Chinese “ The Chinese people…do not have national spirit. Therefore, even though we have 4 million people gathered together in one China, in reality, they are just a heap of sand.” –Sun Yixian

4. WWI – Allied Involvement China was on the Allied side against Germany in WWI Hope to regain lost lands from Germany

5. Betrayal German territories given to Japan – not China May 4, 1919 – May Fourth Movement – more people turn to communism

6. Developing… While the Chinese Communist Party was forming Sun Yixian and his nationalist party set up a government in South China Yixian grew tired of the West’s empty promises to support his government

7. An Unlikely Alliance In a hope for common action the Nationalists (Kuomintang) turn to the Communists Mao Zedong…

8. Death, & a Sharp Right Turn Sun died in ’25, Jiang Kai-Shek the new leader. Fierce anti-communist…

9. Jiang Kai-Shek Had promised democracy and political rights to all Chinese Yet his government became steadily less democratic and more corrupt Peasants believed that Jiang was doing little to help them So the begin to support communism …and Mao

10. The Shanghai Massacre, 1927 As Europe leaves, Jiang consolidates power and turns on communists to be unquestioned leader 34 warlords eliminated, and finally communists are targeted

11. A New War With common enemies gone, Chiang preemptively turns on Mao. War rages through late 1920’s Chiang and Mao in Better Days

12. 1933 – The Long March Nationalists & Communists were fighting a bloody Civil War Mao began to enlist commoners into his “red army” Cornered, Mao leads retreat for survival. 90K plus start it, 9K finish it. Communism on life support

13. The Nationalists Distracted Japan had watched the power struggle in China and decided to launch an invasion Japanese invasion of Manchuria (northern China) combined with Depression allow Mao to rest & survive. This would force a temporary and uneasy truce between Mao and Jiang’s forces to fight against Japan Japan attacking

14. Mao Rebuilds Army in WWII Under duress, Kuomintang and US use Mao as an ally. Communists armed and building strength… Mao with US Military in WWII

15. Setting the Stage - Again had China fought for the Allies now in WWII -During WWII, Japan’s armies occupied most of China -China’s civilian death toll = 10-22 million -1945 opposing armies were at conflict again VS.

16. NATIONALIST -aided by the U.S. -controlled much of southern China VS. COMMUNIST -mobilized peasants -controlled much of northern China Nationalist Communist

17. Civil War Resumes 1946-1949 Nationalist were at an advantage by outnumbering Red Army 3:1 NO Popular support Nationalist fled to Communist due to collapsing economy Mao gained control=People’s Republic of China Jiang retreated to Taiwan RETREAT RETREAT RETREAT

18. U.S. Anti-Communist feelings Chinese and Soviets sign Treaty of Friendship in 1950 U.S. viewed this as another step in Communist campaign to conquer the world VS.

19. China divided Taiwan= Nationalist China -U.S. aided Mainland=People’s Republic of China -Soviet Union aided

20. China Expands Mao looked to conquer Mongolia, India, Tibet 1950-1951 Chinese attacked Tibet Dalai Lama was forced to flee to India Your Holiness

21. New Mandate of Heaven Mao ruled Communist party and national government Used Marxist Socialism to reform Chinese economy Killed more than 1 million landlords by using the Agrarian Reform Law in 1950

22. Marxist Socialism Created collective farms Private companies became nationalized 5 year plan=production goals for industry

23. Laogai “Re-Education” through labor Live the life of peasant Work People to death

24. The Great Leap Forward Expand the success of the 5 year plans Communes-collective farms 15,000 acres and 25,000 people Communal living

25. Giant step backward Poor planning and inefficient industry Ended in 1961 after crop failure caused famine that killed 20 million people

26. Great Leap Forward Says failures from ’55 because he wasn’t bold enough… Collectives build public works projects Mao’s attempt to catch up with the rest of the world

27. New Policies and Mao’s Response External problems -territorial disputes -communist movement Internal problems -lack of cooperation -failure of Great Leap Mao reduces his role in government Farm families could sell crops Live in their own homes Factory workers competed for wages Mao

28. “ Learn Revolution by Making Revolution” Mao felt new policies weakened Communist goal of social equality Millions of high school and college students left classrooms and formed militia units called the Red Guards Wanted to revive the revolution in 1966

29. The Cultural Revolution Red Guards led the Cultural Revolution Goal: establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

30. The Cultural Revolution New Hero: peasants who worked with their hands Intellectual activity and art: useless and dangerous Schools and colleges: shut down Resistance to the regime: Purification in hard labor camps Execution Imprisonment

31. Chaos threatened farm production and closed down factories Civil War seemed possible Mao ordered put down Red Guards Zhou Enlai-Chinese premier since 1949 began to restore order Cold War continued to rage on

32. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =efBQKHOfW60

33. Chinese Political Opponents Year 1945 Military Organization Public Support Domestic Policy Foreign Support Area Ruled Leader Communist Nationalist

34. Chinese Political Opponents Year 1945 Experienced, motivated guerrilla army Military Organization Ineffective, corrupt leadership and poor morale Strong due to promised land reforms for peasants Public Support Weak due to inflation and failing economy National Liberation Domestic Policy Defeat of Communists Soviet Union Foreign Support United States Northern China Area Ruled Southern China Mao Zedong Leader Jiang Jieshi Communist Nationalist

35. A National Hero Design a commemorative plaque for Mao Zedong describing him as a National Hero from the communist perspective Write: (Make up your own) All of China should recognize the great accomplishments of Mao Zedong, a hero to us all. Then list 4 reasons positive accomplishments of Mao Wanted On the back create a “Wanted Poster” from the nationalist perspective Write: (Make up your own) Be on the look out for the ruthless, devious, dictator. Mao is wanted for: Then list at least 4 reasons why Mao is wanted Commemorative Plaque and “Wanted” Poster