The document summarizes major events in the Chinese revolution from the Opium Wars in the 19th century to the rule of Mao Zedong in the 20th century. It describes how foreign intrusion weakened China's Qing dynasty and led to rebellions. The revolution established a republic led by Sun Yat-sen but beset by warlords and civil wars. The Communist Party rose to power under Mao Zedong after World War 2 and he established the People's Republic of China in 1949, though his policies like the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution had disastrous consequences.

1. THE CHINESE REVOLUTION
BY CODY MYERS

2. THE OPIUM
WAR(1839-1842)
British East India Company The war following is an
started to trade opium, and a embarrassing loss for China,
loss of silver imports forced and marks the beginning of
action from China(Bentley foreign intrusion(Bentley and
and Ziegler). Ziegler).
Military dumps tons of the
drug, enraging Britain(Bentley
and Ziegler).

3. SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
The British force the Chinese to sign what was called the
unequal treaty, allowing Britain to trade as they wish, and carve
their own sphere of influence.
Other colonial empires follow Britain’s example
This exploitation leads to numerous rebellions, such as the
Nanjing rebellion, which nearly took down the Qing dynasty.
These were the forerunners to the movement that would take
the dynasty down(Bentley an Ziegler).

4. THE FIRST REVOLUTION
In 1908, the empress died, placing a young child on the
throne of a crumbling dynasty(“ChineseRevolution”).
The revolt was triggered by drama between foreign railroad
contractors and China, causing riots, and eventually mutiny,
starting in Wuchang(“Chinese Revolution”).
The incompetent regent, in panic, asked Yuan Shikal, a former
viceroy, to come out of retirement to save the
dynasty(“Chinese Revolution”).

5. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
REPUBLIC
Sun Yat-sen: leader of
revolutionaries(“Chinese
Revolution”).
Yuan negotiated w/
revolutionaries, form a
republic, led by Yuan with Li
Yuanhong as vice-
president(“Chinese
Revolution”).

6. THE FALL OF THE
REPUBLIC
Yuan abused the system to the
point where he called himself
emperor. Didnt last(“History
of Republic”).
Regional warlords began their
rise to power during this
episode(“History of
Republic”).

7. WWI DISPUTE
When WWI broke, the vice-president Duan Qirui wanted to
join the allies, but President Li did not. The debating became
so intense, Duan was kicked out of office(“History of
Republic”).
Duan’s warlord allies declared independence(“History of
Republic”).

8. China in Disarray
Duan defeated Republic’s forces and sent China into war with
Germany(“History of Republic”).
Duan ignored the constitution and dissolved the
parliament(“History of Republic”).
The South revolted by forming a new government, the
Kuomintang, in Guangzhou led by Sun Yat-sen, sparking
Constitutional Protection War(“History of Republic”).

9. May Fourth Movement
A national movement led by
students from 1917 to1923,
protesting against the many
issues plaguing the nation
including,
WWI involvement
Constitutional
Protection War
Warlordism

10. The Kuomintang
In 1921, Sun got Soviet
support(“History of Republic”).
Sun was soon ousted and replaced by
Chiang Kai-shek. The Soviets had the
KMT and newly founded Chinese
Communist Party unite(“History of
Republic”).
This united party allowed Chiang to invade
North in 1925, which stalled as divisions
in the party grew(”History of Republic”).

11. Chiang’s Rise
The CCP and KMT’s left wing
made a new capital in
Wuhan, and Chiang made a
new capital in
Nanjing(“History of
Republic”).
China now split between three
capitals; Beijing, Wuhan,
Nanjing.

12. China’s Communist Party
After their capital was established, they
started encouraging insurrections in
rural and urban areas.
Most notably was the Autumn Harvest
Uprising in the Hunan province. It was led
by Mao Zedong(“History of Republic”).
By 1928, Chiang was in control of most of
China, and dominated the CCP. This set
the stage for the Long March, led by Mao
Zedong, which was a Northward 8,000
mile retreat(Szczepanski)

13. AUTUMN HARVEST UPRISING

14. THE LONG MARCH
1934-1935

15. The Nanjing
Decade(1928-1937)
A short period of reform dominated by the KMT including
regaining power to set own tariffs
modernization of Chinese infrastructure
Modern Standard Chinese
women’s rights
the decade was also marked by the pushing back of warlords
to China’s limits.

16. The Second Sino-Japanese War
Chiang was forced to work
with the CCP against the
Japanese, saving the CCP
from annihilation(“History
of Republic”).

17. Spread of Communism
The Republic of China(KMT) arose from
WWII on the verge of civil war, since there was
no need for cooperation.
The economy collapsed under the weight of
national debt from foreign and internal
strife(“History of Republic”).

18. Foreign Interest
The United States and Britain
wanted China to be a strong
ally in East Asia, so they
revised the unequal
treaties, and the US threw
out its anti-Chinese
immigration laws(“History
of Republic”).

19. The Exodus
A three-year civil war(War
of Liberation) quickly
follows end of WW2. Ends
in KMT defeat.
The KMT retreat to Taiwan,
where they remained

20. THE RULE OF MAO

21. Mao and the People’s Republic
On October 1 1949, Mao announced establishment of The
People’s Republic of China(Szczepanski). End of the worst,
right?
From 1949 to 1953 mass executions of landowners and
noncommunist commences; estimated death toll:1
million(Szczepanski)
Mao bans all parties but CCP, and becomes
president(Szczepanski).

22. MAO ZEDONG
Father of The Revolution

23. More “Reformation”
Implemented First Five Year Plan(1953-58) designed to
encourage industrialization, industry is owned by
public(Szczepanski).
Second Five Year Plan: Great Leap Forward, redistribution
of farm land, ending in catastophe as farmers are
overwhelmed, possibly 20 million starve to
death(Szczepanski).

24. The Cultural Revolution
Mao replaced as president soon after total failure of ironically named Great
Leap Forward(but still CCP leader, and very powerful)
In 1965, Mao starts the Cultural Revolution to reassert his power in
China by influencing the youth to have them condemn the new upper
classes(“Cultural Revolution”).
Mao envisioned a China as a single class, and tried to reignite
revolutionary spirit.
Led to violence towards foreign embassies and upper classes by
the Red Guard(bands of youth).
loss of a generation of educated people for China

27. Reality

28. The End of an Era
In 1968, Mao allowed the
turmoil and violence towards
“priveleged” classes to
end(“Cultural Revolution”).
In 9 years Mao would be dead,
and the end of an era with it.
The Revolution finally ended, as
China quickly modernized,
catching up with the rest of the
world.

29. THE END