Introduction Metabolism in microorganism Chemoheterotrophs Types of Chemoheterotrophs Phototrophs Photosynthetic microorganism Classification of Photosynthetic Bacteria Anoxygenic photosynthesis Types of anoxygenic bacteria Applications Conclusion References

1. 1
By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Metabolism in microorganism
Chemoheterotrophs
Types of Chemoheterotrophs
Phototrophs
Photosynthetic microorganism
Classification of Photosynthetic Bacteria
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Types of anoxygenic bacteria
Applications
Conclusion
References 2

3. INTRODUCTION
 In addition to carbon, micoorganism need energy, which is almost always
obtained by the transfer of an electron from an electron donor to an electron
acceptor.
 Chemotrophs obtain their energy from chemicals (organic and inorganic
compounds); chemoautotroph obtain their energy from reactions with inorganic
salts; and chemoheterotrophs obtain their carbon and energy from organic
compounds.
 Phototrophic bacteria use photosynthesis to generate cellular energy in the form
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from light energy.
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4. METABOLISM IN MICROORGANISM
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5. CHEMOHETEROTROPH
 Chemoheterotroph” is the term for an organism which derives its
energy from chemicals, and needs to consume other organisms in order
to live.
 That means you: your body gets its energy from food, and you must
consume other organisms such as plants and animals in order to survive.
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6. WHETHER A GIVEN ORGANISM IS CHEMOHETEROTROPH:
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7. TYPES OF CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
A.Chemoorganoheterotrophs – Eaters of Living Things
 “Chemoorganoheterotroph” just adds the term “organo,” for “organic”
molecules. Organic molecules are carbon-containing molecules such as
proteins, lipids, sugars, etc. that are usually associated with life.
 Chemoorganoheterotrophs, include herbivores, carnivores, scavengers,
and decomposers. They include all fungi and animals.
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8. TYPES OF CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
B. Chemolithoheterotrophs – Stone Eaters
 “litho” is the Greek word root for “stone.”
 Chemolithoheterotrophs are organisms that derive their energy from
inorganic minerals or other geological processes.
 Food sources for chemolithotrophs can include elemental sulfur and
elemental gas.
 Chemolithoheterotrophs are generally bacteria. Because deriving
energy from inorganic minerals is not as efficient is digesting sugars
using cellular respiration,
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9. EXAMPLES OF CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
 E.coli
• Escherichia coli obtains its food from different source. This source is
most often its host organism.
 Mushrooms
• Mushrooms can commonly be found growing in rich soil – which is
made rich by the breakdown of the bodies of dead plants and animals
– or on dead trees, old fruits, and other sources of organic material .
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10. PHOTOTROPHS
 Phototrophs are organisms that carry out photon capture to acquire
energy.
 Photoautotrophs convert inorganic materials into organic materials for
use in cellular functions such as biosynthesis and respiration and
provide nutrition for many other forms of life.
 Photoheterotrophs depend on light for their source of energy and
mostly organic compounds from the environment for their source of
carbon.
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11. CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISM
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12. WHAT ARE PHOTOSYNTHETIC
MICROORGANISM?
 These micro-organisms are special types of bacteria that contain light
absorbing pigments and reaction centers which make them capable of
converting light energy into chemical energy.
 Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll while other forms of bacteria contain
bacteriochlorophyll. Although bacteriochlorophyll resembles
chlorophyll, it absorbs light of a longer wavelength than chlorophyll.
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13. PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISM
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14. CLASSIFICATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC
BACTERIA
 Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis using
water as an electron donor in a similar manner
to plants. This results in the production of
oxygen and is known as oxygenic
photosynthesis.
 They contain light-harvesting pigments, absorb
carbon dioxide, and release oxygen.
 Cyanobacteria or Cyanophyta are the only
form of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
known to date.
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A. Oxygenic photosynthesis

15. B. ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Bacteria that contain bacteriochlorophyll do not use water as an
electron donor and therefore do not produce oxygen. This is known as
anoxygenic photosynthesis.
 Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria consume carbon dioxide but do
not release oxygen.
 These include Green and Purple bacteria as well as Filamentous
Anoxygenic Phototrophs (FAPs), Phototrophic Acidobacteria, and
Phototrophic Heliobacteria.
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16. TYPES OF ANOXYGENIC BACTERIA
1. purple sulfur bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as their reducing agent,
which is why they give off sulfur rather than oxygen. Example:
halothiobacillus
2. Purple non-sulfur bacteria do not release sulfur because instead of
using hydrogen sulfide as its reducing agent, they use hydrogen.
Example: Desulfovibrio.
3. Green sulfur bacteria generally do not move (non-motile), and can
come in multiple shapes such as spheres, rods, and spirals. example:
Melioribacterium
These bacteria have been found deep in the ocean near a black
smoker in Mexico, where they survived off the light of a thermal vent.
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17. 4. Phototrophic Acidobacteria are found in a lot of soils and are fairly
diverse. Some are acidophilic meaning they thrive under very acidic
conditions. Ex: Chloracidobacterium thermophilum
5. Phototrophic Heliobacteria are also found in soils, especially water-
saturated fields, like rice paddies. Ex: Haliobacterium modesticaldum
They are photoheterotroph, which means that they cannot use carbon
dioxide as their primary source of carbon.
6. Green and red filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAPs) were
previously called green non-sulfur bacteria, until it was discovered
that they could also use sulfur components to work through their
processes.
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TYPES OF ANOXYGENIC BACTERIA

18. APPLICATIONS
 Water purification, bio-fertilizers, animal feed and bioremediation of
chemicals among many others.
 They are used in the treatment of polluted water since they can grow
and utilize toxic substances such as H2S or H2S2O3.
 Researchers at Harvard’s Wyss Institute have engineered
photosynthetic bacteria to produce simple sugars and lactic acid.
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19. CONCLUSION
 Chemoheterotrophs take materials from plants and chemoautotrophs
and recycle them in a complex web of life, where materials are used
over and over again.
 Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll while other forms of bacteria
contain bacteriochlorophyll.
 Although bacteriochlorophyll resembles chlorophyll, it absorbs light of
a longer wavelength than chlorophyll.
 Bacteriochlorophyll a is the most common form of bacteriochlorophyll
but other forms include b, c, d, e, f and g.
 Algae are phototrophic microorganisms that convert sunlight, as a
renewable energy source, into biomass that can be further processed
into biofuels such as ethanol. 19

20. REFERENCES
 K.Wilson and J.Walker: principle and techniques of biotechnology and
molecular biotechnology.
 https://biologydictionary.net/chemoheterotroph/
 https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Chemoheterotroph
 photosynthesiseducation.com/photosynthesis-in-bacteria/
 https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/...almanacs.../photosynthetic-
microorganisms
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