Photosynthetic Organisms 1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PLANTS 3. PLANTS AND CYCLE OF NUTRIENTS 4. CALVIN CYCLE 5. C3 vs C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6. RESPIRATION VS PHOTOSYNTHESIS 7. PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAE 8. PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUGLENA 9. PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA 10. CYANOBACTERIA 11. OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA 12. ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

1. PHOTOSYNTHETIC
ORGANISMS

2. SUBMITTED BY:
MUHAMMAD MUBASHIR ALI
BBOF19E001
ABDULLAH AMEER
BBOF19M030
SUBMITTED TO:
MADAM NAIMA HUMA

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The process by which green plants and some other
organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients
from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in
plants generally involves the green pigment
chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by-product.

4. PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS
Photosynthetic organisms, known as
photoautotrophs, capture the energy from sunlight
and use it to produce organic compounds through
the process of photosynthesis.

5. PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS
PLANTS ALGAE EUGLENA
01 02 03 04
BACTERIA

6. PHOTOSYNTHETIC
PLANTS
01

7. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PLANTS
 Photosynthesis in plants occurs in specialized organelles called as
Chloroplast.
 Chloroplasts are found in plant leaves and contain the pigment
chlorophyll.
 This green pigment absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis
to occur. Chloroplasts contain an internal membrane system
consisting of structures called thylakoids that serve as the sites of
conversion of light energy to chemical energy.

8.  Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates in a
process known as carbon fixation or the Calvin cycle.
 The carbohydrates can be stored in the form of
starch, used during respiration, or used in the
production of cellulose.
 Oxygen that is produced in the process is released
into the atmosphere through pores in the plant leaves
known as stomata.

10. PLANTS AND CYCLE OF NUTRIENTS
 Plants play an important role in the cycle of
nutrients, specifically carbon and oxygen.
 Aquatic plants and land plants (flowering plants,
mosses, and ferns) help to regulate atmospheric
carbon by removing carbon dioxide from the air.
 Plants are also important for the production of
oxygen, which is released into the air as a
valuable by-product of photosynthesis.

11. CALVIN CYCLE
1st
2nd
3rd
CARBOXYLATION
REDUCTION
REGENERATION

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

13. C3 vs C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
C3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
In C4 photosynthesis, where a four-carbon
compound is produced, unique Kranz
anatomy allows carbon dioxide to
concentrate in 'bundle sheath' cells around
Rubisco.
This process uses the enzyme RuBisCO in
relatively inefficient conditions, to fix
CO2 from the air and obtain the 3-carbon
organic intermediate molecule 3-
phosphoglycerate.

14. ANALYSIS OF THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Effect of temperature on
the rate of photosynthesis
*Temperature in degrees Celsius
Maximum rate of
photosynthesis reached at
the “optimal” temperature
*Rate
of
photosynthesis

15. DAY VS NIGHT PROCESS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS DURING THE DAY PHOTOSYNTHESIS AT NIGHT
At night, photosynthesis stops but
respiration continues, so there is a net
consumption of oxygen.
During the day, photosynthesis is
dominant, so there is a net release of
oxygen.

16. RESPIRATION VS PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PROCESS RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS
GAS IN Oxygen Carbon dioxide
GAS OUT Carbon dioxide Oxygen
TIME At all times Daytime only
EQUATION Oxygen + glucose = energy C02 + water = glucose + water

17. PHOTOSYNTHESIS TABLE
STAGES LOCATION INPUT OUTPUT
LIGHT
REACTIONS
Thylakoids Light H20 ATP - NADPH
CALVIN
CYCLE
Stroma CO2 - NADPH Sugar - NDP+

18. PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAE
02

19. PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAE
 Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have characteristics of
both plants and animals.
 Like animals, algae are capable of feeding on organic material in
their environment.
 Some algae also contain organelles and structures found in animals
cells, such as flagella and centrioles.
 Like plants, algae contain photosynthetic organelles called
chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment
which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

21.  Algae also contain other photosynthetic pigments such as
carotenoids and phycobilins.
 Algae can be unicellular or can exist as large multicellular
species.
 They live in various habitats including salt and
freshwater aquatic environments, wet soil, or on moist rocks.
 Photosynthetic algae known as phytoplankton are found in
both marine and freshwater environments. Most marine
phytoplankton are composed of diatoms and dinoflagellates.

22.  Most freshwater phytoplankton are composed of green algae
and cyanobacteria.
 Phytoplankton float near the surface of the water in order to
have better access to sunlight needed for photosynthesis.
 Photosynthetic algae are vital to the global cycle of nutrients
such as carbon and oxygen.
 They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
generate over half of the global oxygen supply.

23. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
ALGAE

25. PHOTOSYNTHETIC
EUGLENA
03

26. PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUGLENA
 Euglena are eukaryotic protists.
 They are photoautotrophs with cells
containing several chloroplasts.
 Each cell has a noticeable red eyespot.

28.  Euglena are unicellular protists in the genus Euglena.
 These organisms were classified in the
phylum Euglenophyta with algae due to their
photosynthetic ability.
 Scientists now believe that they are not algae but have
gained their photosynthetic capabilities through an
endosymbiotic relationship with green algae.
 As such, Euglena have been placed in the
phylum Euglenozoa.

31. light
water
oxygen
CO2
glucose
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
BACTERIA
04

32. CYANOBACTERIA
 The genus name for this cyanobacterium (Oscillatoria
cyanobacteria) comes from the movement it makes as it
orientates itself to the brightest light source available,
from which it gains energy by photosynthesis.
 The red coloration is caused by autofluorescence of
several photosynthetic pigments and light-harvesting
proteins.

33. OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
 Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.
 They harvest the sun's energy, absorb carbon dioxide,
and emit oxygen.
 Like plants and algae, cyanobacteria
contain chlorophyll and convert carbon dioxide to sugar
through carbon fixation.
 Unlike eukaryotic plants and algae, cyanobacteria
are prokaryotic organisms.

34. OXYGENIC
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
BACTERIA

35.  They lack a membrane bound nucleus, chloroplasts, and
other organelles found in plants and algae.
 Instead, cyanobacteria have a double outer cell
membrane and folded inner thylakoid membranes that are
used in photosynthesis.
 Cyanobacteria are also capable of nitrogen fixation, a
process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to
ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate.
 These substances are absorbed by plants to synthesis
biological compounds.

36.  Cyanobacteria are found in various land biomes and aquatic
environments.
 Some are considered extremophiles because they live in extremely
harsh environments such as hot springs and hypersaline bays.
 Cyanobacteria also exist as phytoplankton and can live within
other organisms such as fungi (lichen), protists, and plants.
 Cyanobacteria contain the pigments phycoerythrin and
phycocyanin, which are responsible for their blue-green color.
 Due to their appearance, these bacteria are sometimes called blue-
green algae, although they are not algae at all.

37. ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
 Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are photoautotrophs
(synthesize food using sunlight) that don’t produce oxygen.
 Unlike cyanobacteria, plants, and algae, these bacteria don't use
water as an electron donor in the electron transport chain during
the production of ATP.
 Instead, they use hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or sulfur as electron
donors.
 Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria also differ from Cyanobacteria
in that they do not have chlorophyll to absorb light.

38.  They contain bacteriochlorophyll, which is capable of
absorbing shorter wavelengths of light than
chlorophyll.
 As such, bacteria with bacteriochlorophyll tend to be
found in deep aquatic zones where shorter wavelengths
of light are able to penetrate.
 Examples of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
include purple bacteria and green bacteria.

39. ANOXYGENIC
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
BACTERIA

40. PURPLE SULFUR/NON-SULFUR
BACTERIA
 Purple bacterial cells come in a variety of shapes (spherical, rod,
spiral) and these cells may be motile or non-motile.
 Purple sulfur bacteria are commonly found in aquatic
environments and sulfur springs where hydrogen sulfide is present
and oxygen is absent.
 Purple non-sulfur bacteria utilize lower concentrations of sulfide
than purple sulfur bacteria and deposit sulfur outside their cells
instead of inside their cells.

41. PURPLE
SULFUR
BACTERIA

42. GREEN SULFUR BACTERIA
 Green bacterial cells are typically spherical or rod-shaped
and the cells are primarily non-motile.
 Green sulfur bacteria utilize sulfide or sulfur for
photosynthesis and can not survive in the presence of
oxygen.
 They deposit sulfur outside of their cells.
 Green bacteria thrive in sulfide-rich aquatic habitats and
sometimes form greenish or brown blooms.

43. GREEN
SULFUR
BACTERIA

45. THANKS!