The document discusses various graphical methods for describing data, including bar charts, pie charts, stem-and-leaf diagrams, histograms, and cumulative relative frequency plots. It provides examples of each using sample student data on vision correction methods, weights, ages, and GPAs to illustrate how to construct and interpret the different graph types.
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Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
2.3: Graphs that Enlighten and Graphs that Deceive
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Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
3.3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots
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Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
2.1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data
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Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
2.3: Graphs that Enlighten and Graphs that Deceive
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Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
3.3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots
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Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
2.1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data
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Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
3.2: Measures of Variation
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Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distribution
6.5: Assessing Normality
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Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
2.2: Histograms
Measure of dispersion part I (Range, Quartile Deviation, Interquartile devi...Shakehand with Life
This tutorial gives the detailed explanation of "Measure of Dispersion" (Range, Quartile Deviation, Interquartile Range, Mean Deviation) with suitable illustrative example with MS Excel Commands of calculation in excel.
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Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
3.2: Measures of Variation
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Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distribution
6.5: Assessing Normality
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Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
2.2: Histograms
Measure of dispersion part I (Range, Quartile Deviation, Interquartile devi...Shakehand with Life
This tutorial gives the detailed explanation of "Measure of Dispersion" (Range, Quartile Deviation, Interquartile Range, Mean Deviation) with suitable illustrative example with MS Excel Commands of calculation in excel.
TSTD 6251 Fall 2014SPSS Exercise and Assignment 120 PointsI.docxnanamonkton
TSTD 6251 Fall 2014
SPSS Exercise and Assignment 1
20 Points
In this class, we are going to study descriptive summary statistics and learn how to construct box plot. We are still working with univariate variable for this exercise.
Practice Example:
Admission receipts (in million of dollars) for a recent season are given below for the
n =
30 major league baseball teams:
19.4 26.6 22.9 44.5 24.4 19.0 27.5 19.9 22.8 19.0 16.9 15.2 25.7 19.0 15.5 17.1 15.6 10.6 16.2 15.6 15.4 18.2 15.5 14.2 9.5 9.9
10.7 11.9 26.7 17.5
Require:
a. Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation.
b. Find the sample median, first quartile, and third quartile.
c. Construct a boxplot and interpret the distribution of the data.
d. Discuss the distribution of this set of data by examining kurtosis and skewness
statistics, such as if the distribution is skewed to one side of the distribution, and if the
distribution shows a peaked/skinny curve or a spread out/flat curve.
SPSS Procedures for Computing Summary Statistics
:
Enter the 30 data values in the first column of SPSS
Data View
Tab
Variable View
and name this variable
receipts
Adjust
Decimals
to 3 decimal points
Type
Admission Receipts
($ mn)
in the
Label
column for output viewer
Return to
Data View
and click
A
nalyze
on the menu bar
Click the second menu
D
e
scriptive Statistics
Click
F
requencies …
Move
Admission Receipts
to the
Variable(s)
list by clicking the arrow button
Click
S
tatistics …
button at the top of the dialog box
Now, you can select the descriptive statistics according to what the question requires. For this practice question, it requires central tendency, dispersion, percentile and distribution statistics, so we click all the boxes
except for
P
ercentile(s): and Va
l
ues are group midpoints
.
Click
Continue
to return to the
Frequencies
dialog box
Click
OK
to generate descriptive statistic output which is pasted below:
The first table provides summary statistics and the second table lists frequencies, relative frequencies and cumulative frequencies. The statistics required for solving this problem are highlighted in red.
Statistics
Admission Receipts
N
Valid
30
Missing
0
Mean
18.76333
Std. Error of Mean
1.278590
Median
17.30000
Mode
19.000
Std. Deviation
7.003127
Variance
49.043782
Skewness
1.734
Std. Error of Skewness
.427
Kurtosis
5.160
Std. Error of Kurtosis
.833
Range
35.000
Minimum
9.500
Maximum
44.500
Sum
562.900
Percentiles
10
10.61000
20
14.40000
25
15.35000
30
15.50000
40
15.84000
50
17.30000
60
19.00000
70
19.75000
75
22.82500
80
24.10000
90
26.69000
Admission Receipts
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
9.500
1
3.3
3.3
3.3
9.900
1
3.3
3.3
6.7
10.600
1
3.3
3.3
10.0
10.700
1
3.3
3.3
13.3
11.900
1
3.3
3.3
16.7
14.200
1
3.3
3.3
20.0
15.2.
4 CREATING GRAPHS A PICTURE REALLY IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS4 M.docxgilbertkpeters11344
4 CREATING GRAPHS A PICTURE REALLY IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
4: MEDIA LIBRARY
Premium Videos
Core Concepts in Stats Video
· Examining Data: Tables and Figures
Lightboard Lecture Video
· Creating a Simple Chart
Time to Practice Video
· Chapter 4: Problem 3
Difficulty Scale
(moderately easy but not a cinch)
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER
· Understanding why a picture is really worth a thousand words
· Creating a histogram and a polygon
· Understanding the different shapes of different distributions
· Using SPSS to create incredibly cool charts
· Creating different types of charts and understanding their application and uses
WHY ILLUSTRATE DATA?
In the previous two chapters, you learned about the two most important types of descriptive statistics—measures of central tendency and measures of variability. Both of these provide you with the one best number for describing a group of data (central tendency) and a number reflecting how diverse, or different, scores are from one another (variability).
What we did not do, and what we will do here, is examine how differences in these two measures result in different-looking distributions. Numbers alone (such as M = 3 and s = 3) may be important, but a visual representation is a much more effective way of examining the characteristics of a distribution as well as the characteristics of any set of data.
So, in this chapter, we’ll learn how to visually represent a distribution of scores as well as how to use different types of graphs to represent different types of data.
CORE CONCEPTS IN STATS VIDEO
Examining Data: Tables and Figures
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL: Examining data helps find data entry errors, evaluate research methodology, identify outliers, and determine the shape of a distribution in a data set. Researchers typically examine collected data in two ways, by creating tables and figures. Imagine you asked a group of friends to rate a movie they've seen on a one to five scale. A table helps identify the variable and the possible values of the variable. The sample size, often referred to as n, is 14 because there are ratings reported from 14 people. This is how large the total sample is. From this, we can determine how many in the sample have each value of the variable. We can also determine the percentage that the sample has of each possible value. Figures display variables from the table. Nominal and ordinal variables can be depicted with bar charts, while interval and ratio variables can be depicted using histograms and frequency polygons. For this data set, we can use a bar chart. Distributions of data can be characterized along three aspects or dimensions, modality, symmetry, and variability. In a unimodal distribution, a small range of values has the greatest frequency or mode of the set. However, it's possible for a distribution to have more than one mode. For a bimodal distribution, we see two values that seem to occur w.
Problem I - Write your first name, middle name, and last name in c.docxanitramcroberts
Problem I
- Write your first name, middle name, and last name in capital letters. The letters involved in your full name would comprise your data set. In case you do not have a middle name, or you do not want to include your real middle name, make one up. Then, do the following
Write
your data
in order from A to Z and double check.
For example
, the student whose complete name is First Middle Last would have
A
A
E
E
E
J
K
M
N
N
R
R
S
Y
Your full name
: ………………..
Letters in order with existing repetitions :
What is the type of your data? Circle, or list, all that apply:
Numerical, continuous, discrete, categorical, non-numerical, quantitative, qualitative
What is the size of your data set?
What scale of measurement is applicable to your data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)?
Support your answer briefly.
Is the word “range,” with its actual definition in statistics, applicable to your data set? How can you say something about your data involving “range” in your statement, anyway?
Is your data set a sample or a population?
Support your answer briefly.
Depending on your answer to Question 6 above, and recalling what we said in class, what is the correct notation to show the size of your data set in statistics?
What is (are) the mode(s) of within data set, if any? Is your data set unimodal, bimodal, trimodal, …?
What is the frequency of the mode? In case you have more than one mode, provide the frequency of each.
Recalling the example discussed in class or provided in your eTextbooks, construct a “Frequency Distribution Table,” a complete (seven-column) frequency distribution table. You should use the following headings for your table:
Letter, Frequency (F), Relative Frequency (RF), Percent Relative Frequency (PRF), Cumulative Frequency (CF), Cumulative Relative Frequency (CRF), and Cumulative Percent Relative Frequency (CPRF).
By examining appropriate rows and columns of the frequency table that you have constructed for Step 10 above, write down (in a small table) the fractions (in percentage) of your data set that the vowels A, E, I, O, and U comprise individually and collectively.
Using the frequency table created in Step 10 above and, preferably, hand drawing on graph paper (
show at least some work, in case you use technology),
Construct a bar chart for the frequency (F) distribution. (See NOTE below)
Construct a bar chart for the percent relative frequency (PRF) distribution. (See NOTE below)
Compare your F distribution with your PRF distribution. Briefly explain your finding(s).
NOTE
: You may do Parts (a) and (b) displaying the categories from highest F (or PRF) to lowest F (or PRF) from left to right; the resulting bar chart is called a “Pareto Bar Chart.”
Please note that each bar chart must have a
descriptive title
, and the x and y axes must have
descriptive labels
.
Plot the points corresponding to the
cumulative
percent relative frequency.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
2. Frequency Distribution Example The data in the column labeled vision for the student data set introduced in the slides for chapter 1 is the answer to the question, “What is your principle means of correcting your vision?” The results are tabulated below
3. Bar Chart Examples This comparative bar chart is based on frequencies and it can be difficult to interpret and misleading. Would you mistakenly interpret this to mean that the females and males use contacts equally often? You shouldn’t. The picture is distorted because the frequencies of males and females are not equal.
4. Bar Chart Examples When the comparative bar chart is based on percents (or relative frequencies) (each group adds up to 100%) we can clearly see a difference in pattern for the eye correction proportions for each of the genders. Clearly for this sample of students, the proportion of female students with contacts is larger then the proportion of males with contacts.
5. Bar Chart Examples Stacking the bar chart can also show the difference in distribution of eye correction method. This graph clearly shows that the females have a higher proportion using contacts and both the no correction and glasses group have smaller proportions then for the males.
6.
7.
8.
9. Another Example This data constitutes the grades earned by the distance learning students during one term in the Winter of 2002.
10.
11.
12.
13. Stem and Leaf Choosing the 1 st two digits as the stem and the 3 rd digit as the leaf we have the following 150 140 155 195 139 200 157 130 113 130 121 140 140 150 125 135 124 130 150 125 120 103 170 124 160 For our first example, we use the weights of the 25 female students. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 3 154504 90050 000 05700 0 0 5 0
14. Stem and Leaf Typically we sort the order the stems in increasing order. We also note on the diagram the units for stems and leaves Stem: Tens and hundreds digits Leaf: Ones digit 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 3 014455 00059 000 00057 0 0 5 0 Probable outliers
15. Stem-and-leaf – GPA example The following are the GPAs for the 20 advisees of a faculty member. If the ones digit is used as the stem, you only get three groups. You can expand this a little by breaking up the stems by using each stem twice letting the 2 nd digits 0-4 go with the first and the 2 nd digits 5-9 with the second. The next slide gives two versions of the stem-and-leaf diagram. GPA 3.09 2.04 2.27 3.94 3.70 2.69 3.72 3.23 3.13 3.50 2.26 3.15 2.80 1.75 3.89 3.38 2.74 1.65 2.22 2.66
16. Stem-and-leaf – GPA example Stem: Ones digit Leaf: Tenths digits Note: The characters in a stem-and-leaf diagram must all have the same width, so if typing a fixed character width font such as courier. Stem: Ones digit Leaf: Tenths and hundredths digits 1L 1H 2L 2H 3L 3H 65,75 04,22,26,27 66,69,74,80 09,13,15,23,38 50,70,72,89,94 1L 1H 2L 2H 3L 3H 67 0222 6678 01123 57789
17. Comparative Stem and Leaf Diagram Student Weight (Comparing two groups) When it is desirable to compare two groups, back-to-back stem and leaf diagrams are useful. Here is the result from the student weights. From this comparative stem and leaf diagram, it is clear that the males weigh more (as a group not necessarily as individuals) than the females. 3 10 3 11 7 554410 12 145 95000 13 0004558 000 14 000000555 75000 15 0005556 0 16 00005558 0 17 000005555 18 0358 5 19 0 20 0 21 0 22 55 23 79
18. Comparative Stem and Leaf Diagram Student Age From this comparative stem and leaf diagram, it is clear that the male ages are all more closely grouped then the females. Also the females had a number of outliers. female male 7 1 9999 1 888889999999999999999 1111000 2 00000001111111111 3322222 2 2222223333 4 2 445 2 6 2 88 0 3 3 3 7 3 8 3 4 4 4 4 7 4