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Westward expansion
The document discusses the key factors that influenced westward expansion in the United States, including geographic obstacles, technologies, policies, and the social and economic impacts. It addresses how physical features, climate, resources, railroads, and the Homestead Act affected travel and settlement. It also examines conflicts between miners, farmers, ranchers, and various ethnic groups, as well as the effects of expansion on Native Americans, including land disputes, warfare, and changes in federal policy.
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Similar to Westward expansion
Westward expansion
- 1. WESTWARD EXPANSION Standard 5-2The student will demonstrate an understanding of the continued westward expansion of the United States. 5-2.1 Analyze the geographic and economic factors that influenced westward expansion and the ways that these factors affected travel and settlement, including physical features of the land; the climate and natural resources; land ownership and other economic opportunities 5-2.2 Summarize how technologies (such as railroads, the steel plow and barbed wire), federal policies (such as subsidies for the railroads and the Homestead Act), and access to natural resources affected the development of the West. 5-2.3 Identify examples of conflict and cooperation between occupational and ethnic groups in the West, including miners, farmers, ranchers, cowboys, Mexican and African Americans, and European and Asian immigrants 5-2.4 Explain the social and economic efforts of westward expansion on Native Americans, including opposing views on land ownership, Native American displacement, the impact of the railroad on the culture of the Plains Indians, armed conflict, and changes in federal policy.
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- 4. Mountain Ranges, rivers, anddeserts formed obstacles OBSTACLES OF THE WEST Why do you think these were obstacles?
- 5. Pioneers traveled to beginningpoints which became known as the “Gateway to the West.” St. Louis was a famous starting point. From there they traveled by covered wagons across trails that Native Americans had used. COVERED WAGONS
- 6. PHOTOS OF THEDIFFICULTIES TRAVELING WEST Can you imagine?
- 7. Explorers andmountain men followed the Native American trails and wrote guidebooks to help show the way to pioneers who came afterwards These trails were traveled often, which created a well defined trail. After the Civil War, the transcontinental railroad provided a way for those who had the money to travel to the West. OTHER WAYS OF TRAVELING WEST The first Transcontinental Railroad
- 8. Migrants first settledon the west coast and skipped over the Great Plains. The Great Plains were called the “Great American Desert,” because it was flat and dry land. Migrants did not realize the potential for farming.
- 9. DISCUSS WITH YOUR GROUP: Howwere people able to travel to the West?
- 11. Travelers to theWest had to travel the plains, major rivers, and the Rocky Mountains. The major river systems of the West: Mississippi Columbia Colorado Snake River
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- 14. Trails through the mountainswere often impassable during spring rains and winter snows, so travelers had to leave St. Louis in time to avoid these conditions
- 15. The climate ofthe West was also a challenge to both travelers and settlers. Weather was unpredictable (storms, tornadoes). OBSTACLES CONTINUE ONCE IN THE WEST Cause Effect Hot, dry summers Drought, dust storms, tons of insects Snowy winters Spring floods Early snow or late spring hailstorms Crops would ruin, lives destroyed
- 16. CLIMATE Winter Bitter cold Deadly blizzard Spring Tornadoes Hailstorms Flooding Summer Blazing heat Littlerain Fall Dried grasses Fires
- 17. When would youhave wanted to travel to the west? Why? Talk with a friend!
- 18. Based onwhat you, your partner, & the class discussed, respond in writing… but think a little deeper this time. When would you have wanted to travel to the west? Why? Discuss the weather and challenges you may have faced. How would you have gotten there? Explain in detail. You have 10 minutes for a quick write. RESPOND IN YOUR NOTES WITH THIS QUICK WRITE:
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- 21. Let’s create achart for “Technology of the West” to use for the next slides. Technology What it did How it helped Picture Railroads Steel Plow Windmill Mechanic al Reaper
- 22. Technology helped create theplains into the “Breadbasket of the country.” The development of plows and irrigation systems helped with farming. Development of Railroads TECHNOLOGY Let’s come up with a motion to remember this
- 23. STEEL PLOW helps cultivatethe hard packed earth Let’s come up with a motion to remember this
- 24. WINDMILL brings scarce waterto the surface Let’s come up with a motion to remember this
- 25. MECHANICAL REAPER gathers thecrops at harvest Let’s come up with a motion to remember this
- 26. Windmill Steel Plow Railroad Mechanical Reaper MATCH THEMUP! Gathers the crops at harvest Helps cultivate the land Brings water to the surface Helped people travel to the west and import/export cattle, people, or crops
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- 32. encouraged trade andeconomic growth provided western farmers with a means of getting their crops to market Cash crops(corn and wheat) became profitable as did the raising of cattle and hogs transported products to processing centers helped major industries (flour milling) and meat processing develop in cities WHAT WERE SOME EFFECTS OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD?
- 33. tracks had animpact on natural environment coal burning engines required more and more fuel led to an increase in mining WHAT HAPPENED TO THE ENVIRONMENT? Pollution – As industries developed, smoke from factories and wastes from processing plants polluted the air.
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- 36. Ranchers & Cowboys EuropeanImmigrants African American Mexican Immigrants Asian Immigrants Native Americans DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE IN THE WEST
- 37. RANCHERS AND COWBOYS Cooperatedto develop the cattle industry Ranchers owned the animals, cowboys drove the herds Cowboys drove herds: - Across open plains - To the nearest railroad to ship cattle to processing plants in the east Rustlers – people known for trying to steal cattle from cowboys Townspeople didn’t care for the cowboys & ranchers After Civil War – farmers settled & fenced in their land and animals (which messed up the cattle drives) Cowboys hated fences Some fences were made from barbed wire Eventually the idea of “cattle drives” died out while farming became a top priority
- 38. Southwestern part ofUS and California coast had both belonged to Spain and then Mexico until the Mexican War in the 1840s Mexicans - owned property After war, Mexicans were discriminated against & many lost title to their land MEXICAN AMERICANS
- 39. discrimination in theSouth eager to move west After the Civil War, many moved west in hopes of owning their own land Exodusters - encouraged to move to Kansas primarily settled in Nicodemus, Kansas AFRICAN AMERICANS
- 40. many weretoo poor to move to the West and stayed in industrial cities of the East and Midwest Many settled with others from their home countries EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS • resented by those who had been born in the United States (nativism) • formed communities that engaged in cooperative activities, such as barn raisings • helped each other to be successful in this new land
- 41. searching forgold built transcontinental railroads Chinese workers laid rails from west to east paid less discrimination at work sites because of their unique culture presence was tolerated attempted to compete with white men in mining and services competition for scarce resources and jobs led to increasing prejudices against the Chinese ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……... US government would later pass a law excluding the Chinese from entrance as immigrants to the United States ASIAN IMMIGRANTS
- 42. In the earlystages, Native Americans welcomed and cooperated with explorers of the West. It all changed when rich mineral deposits were discovered on some reservations. This drove more settlers out West. NATIVE AMERICANS
- 43. Native Americans triedto resist/fight back these groups that were on their land, but conflict eventually led to a series of Indian Wars Native Americans said the land was not suitable for farming & wanted to keep their traditional way of life
- 44. In thesecond half of the 1800s, farmers and miners claimed the land of Native Americans that they believed was theirs. Native Americans were pushed onto smaller reservations and some tribes went to war against the settlers and soldiers.
- 45. Sand CreekMassacre was one that claimed the lives of Native American women and children. Once silver was discovered in the Black Hills, the Native Americans were driven out.
- 47. Social and economic effectsof westward expansion
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- 49. iron railsbecame damaged by herds of bison owners of the railroad hired riflemen & shot animals doing damage The bison population decreased, which greatly affected the life of the Native Americans because they depended heavily on the animal!! TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
- 50. What all doyou see in this picture?
- 52. FINAL THOUGHTS OF SOCIAL/ECONOMIC EFFECTSOF NATIVE AMERICANS
- 53. The treaties betweenthe US government and Native Americans granting them reservations on their tribal land were often not honored or recognized by the
- 54. The Battle ofLittle Bighorn resulted in Native Americans being forced off their land due to the discovery of gold. This war was between the Native Americans and the US army, which created public support for a much larger military that crushed Native American resistance in the area. BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN
- 55. One tribe triedto flee to Canada until the US Army had them surrounded. They were promised to be allowed to return to Oregon, but the Army did not keep their promise and they were forced to Oklahoma.
- 56. In WoundedKnee, South Dakota, the US soldiers killed 300 men, women, and children. Native American tribes sent to new reservations had trouble adapting their culture to the new lands. Poverty, starvation, and depression were common on the
- 58. Reformers triedto make Native Americans give up their ways and adopt the “white man” culture. They turned these reservations into farms and they failed.
- 59. Reformers alsobelieved the children should learn the ways of the “white man.” They were taken from their families and sent to boarding schools far away. They were taught to speak English and their hair was cut.
- 60. As a resultof a civil rights movement among the Native Americans, the culture is being preserved and their rights honored. Life is still very hard and many Native Americans live in poverty.