AP WH Chapter 12 PPT
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The document discusses nomadic groups in Central and Inner Asia from 1200-1500 CE. Specifically, it describes how nomadic groups depended on scarce resources and faced conflicts during times of scarcity, leading to alliances and migration. It also outlines that Mongol groups had a strongly hierarchical organization headed by a khan, though khans had to get decisions approved by leader councils, and powerful Mongol groups demanded tribute from weaker ones.
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Mongolian Empire
The Mongol Empire spanned from 1206-1368 over a vast area of 33 million square kilometers and was divided into different regions ruled as vassal states. It was a simply but effectively organized military force composed of horse archers, lance cavalry, and engineers. The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan ruled China from 1271-1368 and preceded the Ming Dynasty. Marco Polo was a Venetian trader and explorer who was one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China and provide accounts of life in the Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century.
The mongols ppt 2015
The document summarizes the nomadic invasions of Eurasia between the 11th and 15th centuries by Turkic and Mongol tribes. It discusses how:
1) Nomadic tribes like the Turks and Mongols transformed regions like Persia, Anatolia, India, and China through conquest and migration, establishing empires and spreading their influence.
2) The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, created the largest contiguous land empire in history through their advanced military tactics and organization, establishing a Pax Mongolica that promoted trade and cultural exchange across Asia and Europe.
3) While the Mongol Empire eventually fractured, it had lasting impacts like promoting world trade, spreading
Mongol Empire
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and rapidly expanded their empire across Eurasia through military conquest. By 1227 at the time of Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea. The Mongols were skilled horsemen and archers whose mobile cavalry armies were able to cover great distances and defeat larger sedentary forces. Under subsequent khans like Ogedei and Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire continued expanding into parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and established the Yuan Dynasty in China. The Black Death plague pandemic originated in central Asia and spread through Mongol trade routes to devast
Mongols
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire from 1200-1550. It discusses how Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and then rapidly expanded the empire through military conquest. However, the Mongols struggled to govern their vast territories once conquered. Infighting after Genghis Khan's death, overexpansion, and inability to adapt to ruling settled populations ultimately led to the decline and collapse of the Mongol Empire within a few generations.
11.3 turkish empires rise in anatolia
The Seljuks, a Turkish family, seized control of Baghdad in 1055 and defeated the Byzantine Empire in 1071, taking over most of Anatolia. To secure local support, the Seljuks embraced Persian culture, language, and Islam. Under Malik Shah, the Seljuk Empire grew powerful but fragmented after his death. The Seljuks confronted both the Crusaders and later the Mongols, with the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 marking the end of Seljuk rule.
Mongols Genghis Khan origins society, empire
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
11.2 the russian empire (2)
The document discusses the emergence of Russian culture from the blending of Slavic and Byzantine traditions and the adoption of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. It then covers the rise of Kievan Rus as a powerful state centered around Kiev before its decline due to internal divisions and external invasions including by the Mongols, who ruled much of Russia for 200 years. Finally, it summarizes how Moscow grew in power under Mongol rule and how Ivan III challenged Mongol domination, leading to Russia gaining independence from the Mongol-led Golden Horde.
Mongol Empire " highlighting best strategic patterns in war"
this presentation depicts a brief exploration about mongol empire. it will give you enlightenment on Mongols contribution during the period of the Muslim world domination.
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Mongolian Empire
The Mongol Empire spanned from 1206-1368 over a vast area of 33 million square kilometers and was divided into different regions ruled as vassal states. It was a simply but effectively organized military force composed of horse archers, lance cavalry, and engineers. The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan ruled China from 1271-1368 and preceded the Ming Dynasty. Marco Polo was a Venetian trader and explorer who was one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China and provide accounts of life in the Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century.
The mongols ppt 2015
The document summarizes the nomadic invasions of Eurasia between the 11th and 15th centuries by Turkic and Mongol tribes. It discusses how:
1) Nomadic tribes like the Turks and Mongols transformed regions like Persia, Anatolia, India, and China through conquest and migration, establishing empires and spreading their influence.
2) The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, created the largest contiguous land empire in history through their advanced military tactics and organization, establishing a Pax Mongolica that promoted trade and cultural exchange across Asia and Europe.
3) While the Mongol Empire eventually fractured, it had lasting impacts like promoting world trade, spreading
Mongol Empire
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and rapidly expanded their empire across Eurasia through military conquest. By 1227 at the time of Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea. The Mongols were skilled horsemen and archers whose mobile cavalry armies were able to cover great distances and defeat larger sedentary forces. Under subsequent khans like Ogedei and Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire continued expanding into parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and established the Yuan Dynasty in China. The Black Death plague pandemic originated in central Asia and spread through Mongol trade routes to devast
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The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire from 1200-1550. It discusses how Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and then rapidly expanded the empire through military conquest. However, the Mongols struggled to govern their vast territories once conquered. Infighting after Genghis Khan's death, overexpansion, and inability to adapt to ruling settled populations ultimately led to the decline and collapse of the Mongol Empire within a few generations.
11.3 turkish empires rise in anatolia
The Seljuks, a Turkish family, seized control of Baghdad in 1055 and defeated the Byzantine Empire in 1071, taking over most of Anatolia. To secure local support, the Seljuks embraced Persian culture, language, and Islam. Under Malik Shah, the Seljuk Empire grew powerful but fragmented after his death. The Seljuks confronted both the Crusaders and later the Mongols, with the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 marking the end of Seljuk rule.
Mongols Genghis Khan origins society, empire
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
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The document discusses the emergence of Russian culture from the blending of Slavic and Byzantine traditions and the adoption of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. It then covers the rise of Kievan Rus as a powerful state centered around Kiev before its decline due to internal divisions and external invasions including by the Mongols, who ruled much of Russia for 200 years. Finally, it summarizes how Moscow grew in power under Mongol rule and how Ivan III challenged Mongol domination, leading to Russia gaining independence from the Mongol-led Golden Horde.
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The document summarizes the nomadic invasions of Eurasia between the 11th and 15th centuries by Turkic and Mongol tribes. It discusses:
1) How nomadic tribes like the Turks and Mongols transformed regions like Persia, Anatolia, India, and China through conquest and migration. The Turks unified under figures like Tughril Beg and Mahmud of Ghazni while the Mongols were led by Genghis Khan.
2) The Mongols created the largest contiguous land empire in history through their advanced military tactics and organization. Under Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire included the Yuan Dynasty in China.
3) Though the nomads disrupted societies
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The document summarizes the rise and conquests of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and his successors in the 13th century. It describes how Temujin united the Mongol tribes and took the name Genghis Khan. Under his leadership, the Mongols created a powerful military force that went on to conquer vast territories across Asia and Eastern Europe. One notable victory was at the Battle of Leignitz, where Mongol forces defeated a larger European army through superior tactics and use of cavalry and archers. The Mongol Empire continued expanding after Genghis Khan's death.
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The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Asian steppe, conquered vast territories across Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the early 1200s. By 1225, Genghis Khan had united the Mongols and controlled Central Asia, using brutality to subdue his enemies. After his death in 1227, his successors expanded the Mongol Empire to include northern China, Korea, Russia, and territories reaching into Eastern Europe and the Middle East over the next 50 years. The Mongol Empire was eventually divided into four khanates that ruled different regions.
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2) The Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad, consolidating power over a vast bureaucracy.
3) However, independent Muslim states and the Fatimid caliphate divided rule, and the Umayyads established control in Islamic Spain as the caliphate of al-Andalus.
Mogolian Empire
The document discusses the rise and characteristics of the nomadic Mongol empire that dominated Central Asia and vast territories in the 13th century. The Mongols were nomadic herders organized into clans who developed formidable cavalry forces. Under Genghis Khan, they rapidly expanded their empire through military conquest and imposed strict discipline. While rejecting settled life, the Mongols facilitated trade and cultural exchange across their domains, including the spread of religions. At its height, the Mongol empire was divided into four khanates after Genghis Khan's death, though all eventually declined as the Mongols became assimilated with local populations and faced military challenges.
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The document discusses several aspects of governance under the Delhi Sultans based on histories (tawarikh) written in Persian by court chroniclers. It notes that Minhaj-i Siraj recognized the abilities of Sultan Iltutmish's daughter Raziyya but was uncomfortable with a female ruler. It also discusses the ideas of Fakhr-i Mudabbir on the relationship between the king, soldiers, peasants and justice. Finally, it mentions Ziyauddin Barani's criticism of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq for appointing commoners like a wine distiller and barber to high administrative posts.
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The document summarizes the origins and early expansion of Islam. It describes pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad, who received revelations from God and began preaching Islam. Muhammad's followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the Hijra or migration to Medina in 622 and establishing the Muslim calendar. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as professing faith, daily prayer, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, and alms-giving. The early Islamic caliphates rapidly expanded the Arab Empire across the Middle East and North Africa under the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates before the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad.
The Mongols
The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire under leaders like Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It describes how the Mongols, originating in central Asia, conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under Genghis Khan. Kublai Khan later established the Yuan Dynasty after conquering China in 1279. While the Mongols spread destruction, their empire also saw a period of political stability and increased trade along the Silk Road. However, the empire eventually declined due to the vast lands being difficult to govern from a central location and growing resentment against Mongol rule.
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The Mongols
The Mongols originated as nomadic tribes from Central Asia. They were united under Genghis Khan, who conquered vast territories across Asia and Eastern Europe using advanced horseback tactics and weaponry like bows and arrows. At its peak, the Mongol Empire stretched from Korea to Eastern Europe and was subdivided and ruled by other powerful Mongol leaders, such as Batu Khan who controlled the Golden Horde in Russia, Tamerlane who ruled over Persia and India, and Kublai Khan who established the Yuan Dynasty in China and ruled over large parts of Asia. Though the Mongols brought periods of stability and promoted trade along the Silk Road, their empire declined after the deaths of strong leaders as it was too
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The document summarizes the major dynasties that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in India:
1) The Mamluk or Slave Dynasty was founded by Qutb al-din Aibak after the death of Muhammad Ghori and was the first dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate.
2) The Khilji Dynasty was a Muslim Turkic dynasty founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji as the second dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
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The document provides information about the Nomadic Empire, also known as the Mongol Empire, and Genghis Khan, who was instrumental in establishing the empire. It discusses how Genghis Khan unified various nomadic tribes in Mongolia and began a campaign of conquest that expanded the empire across Asia and into Eastern Europe. By the time of his death in 1227, Genghis Khan had established the largest contiguous land empire in history that spanned from the Sea of Japan to the Caspian Sea. The empire had a significant impact by encouraging trade, spreading innovations, and establishing religious tolerance across Eurasia.
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The Abbasid Caliphate was a large Islamic empire centered in Baghdad from 750 CE to 1258 CE. It stretched from Central Asia to North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The dominant religion was Islam, though other faiths were tolerated. During its peak from 786-861 CE, the empire experienced great cultural and economic heights. It eventually declined due to internal conflicts and was finally destroyed by the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 CE.
Ancient china
Peking Man, dating from 750,000-500,000 BCE, was an early human ancestor found in China. Agriculture developed along China's Yellow River around 3000-2000 BCE, marking the beginning of China's Neolithic period. Early Chinese civilization emerged from four ancient river valley cultures, with myths developing around divine figures like Pan-Gu and the Yellow Emperor, who was associated with important early inventions. Formalized writing developed during the Shang Dynasty from 1523-1028 BCE, as evidenced by oracle bones used for divination. The Zhou Dynasty then ruled from 1027-771 BCE in the Western Zhou and 771-256 BCE in the Eastern Zhou, leaving behind ritual bronzes, jade carvings,
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The mongols ppt 2013
The document summarizes the nomadic invasions of Eurasia between the 11th and 15th centuries by Turkic and Mongol tribes. It discusses:
1) How nomadic tribes like the Turks and Mongols transformed regions like Persia, Anatolia, India, and China through conquest and migration. The Turks unified under figures like Tughril Beg and Mahmud of Ghazni while the Mongols were led by Genghis Khan.
2) The Mongols created the largest contiguous land empire in history through their advanced military tactics and organization. Under Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire included the Yuan Dynasty in China.
3) Though the nomads disrupted societies
The golden age of islam
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate between 661-750 CE and the transition to the Abbasid Caliphate. It describes how the Umayyads established the first Islamic dynasty in Damascus after the Muslim Civil War, but internal divisions and indulgence in luxury weakened their rule over time. The Abbasids then overthrew the Umayyads in 750 CE with the support of non-Arab Muslims, establishing a new capital in Baghdad and administrative structure influenced by Persian traditions that led to two centuries of stability and prosperity known as the Golden Age of Islam.
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This Powerpoint explains about the Mongol empire, their religion, rulers and everything that is important to learn
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The document summarizes the rise and conquests of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and his successors in the 13th century. It describes how Temujin united the Mongol tribes and took the name Genghis Khan. Under his leadership, the Mongols created a powerful military force that went on to conquer vast territories across Asia and Eastern Europe. One notable victory was at the Battle of Leignitz, where Mongol forces defeated a larger European army through superior tactics and use of cavalry and archers. The Mongol Empire continued expanding after Genghis Khan's death.
12.2 the mongol conquests
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Asian steppe, conquered vast territories across Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the early 1200s. By 1225, Genghis Khan had united the Mongols and controlled Central Asia, using brutality to subdue his enemies. After his death in 1227, his successors expanded the Mongol Empire to include northern China, Korea, Russia, and territories reaching into Eastern Europe and the Middle East over the next 50 years. The Mongol Empire was eventually divided into four khanates that ruled different regions.
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1) In spite of internal conflicts between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, the Muslim empire expanded greatly under early caliphs and the Umayyad dynasty to span three continents.
2) The Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad, consolidating power over a vast bureaucracy.
3) However, independent Muslim states and the Fatimid caliphate divided rule, and the Umayyads established control in Islamic Spain as the caliphate of al-Andalus.
Mogolian Empire
The document discusses the rise and characteristics of the nomadic Mongol empire that dominated Central Asia and vast territories in the 13th century. The Mongols were nomadic herders organized into clans who developed formidable cavalry forces. Under Genghis Khan, they rapidly expanded their empire through military conquest and imposed strict discipline. While rejecting settled life, the Mongols facilitated trade and cultural exchange across their domains, including the spread of religions. At its height, the Mongol empire was divided into four khanates after Genghis Khan's death, though all eventually declined as the Mongols became assimilated with local populations and faced military challenges.
Unit 5 lesson 2 muslim dynasties
After the death of Abu Bakr, disputes over succession led to the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty in 661. The Umayyads expanded the Islamic empire significantly but faced revolts due to discrimination, splitting Islam into the Sunni and Shia sects. In 750, the Abbasid dynasty overthrew the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad, ushering in a period of prosperity. However, regional rulers gained independence and the Fatimid dynasty was later overthrown by the Seljuk Turks, leading the Byzantine emperor to request Christian assistance and launching the Crusades between Christians and Muslims.
12.5 kingdoms of southeast asia and korea
Several kingdoms prospered in Southeast Asia and Korea between the 11th and 15th centuries. The Khmer Empire dominated mainland Southeast Asia and built massive temple complexes like Angkor Wat. Island kingdoms like Srivijaya dominated trade routes. Vietnam gained independence as Dai Viet and was influenced by Chinese culture. In Korea, the Koryu Dynasty modeled its government after China but maintained Korean traditions like celadon pottery. Korea has been divided since WWII with tensions between North and South Korea hampering reunification efforts.
Umayyad and abbasid caliphates
The Umayyad clan was initially opposed to Muhammad but later embraced Islam and became a powerful Muslim family. After Muhammad's death, the Umayyads led the majority Sunni Muslims while some broke away to form the Shiite minority who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family. The Umayyads rapidly conquered territories across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe until being halted at the Battle of Tours in 732. Their rule ended when the Abbasid family revolted in 750 and established their capital in Baghdad, moving the empire's center away from Syria.
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The document discusses several aspects of governance under the Delhi Sultans based on histories (tawarikh) written in Persian by court chroniclers. It notes that Minhaj-i Siraj recognized the abilities of Sultan Iltutmish's daughter Raziyya but was uncomfortable with a female ruler. It also discusses the ideas of Fakhr-i Mudabbir on the relationship between the king, soldiers, peasants and justice. Finally, it mentions Ziyauddin Barani's criticism of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq for appointing commoners like a wine distiller and barber to high administrative posts.
ISLAM AND ITS EXPANSION
The document summarizes the origins and early expansion of Islam. It describes pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad, who received revelations from God and began preaching Islam. Muhammad's followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the Hijra or migration to Medina in 622 and establishing the Muslim calendar. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as professing faith, daily prayer, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, and alms-giving. The early Islamic caliphates rapidly expanded the Arab Empire across the Middle East and North Africa under the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates before the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad.
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The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire under leaders like Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It describes how the Mongols, originating in central Asia, conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under Genghis Khan. Kublai Khan later established the Yuan Dynasty after conquering China in 1279. While the Mongols spread destruction, their empire also saw a period of political stability and increased trade along the Silk Road. However, the empire eventually declined due to the vast lands being difficult to govern from a central location and growing resentment against Mongol rule.
Ch.7
The Abbasid Caliphate declined due to internal power struggles and invasions from regional dynasties, leading to its eventual fall to the Mongols in 1258 CE. During this period, Islam spread throughout South and Southeast Asia through trade, conquest and missionary activities of Sufi mystics. Merchants and missionaries introduced Islamic beliefs, which sometimes syncretized with local Hindu and Buddhist traditions. The diffusion of Islam contributed to the establishment of sultanates in the region from the 13th century onward.
The Mongols
The Mongols originated as nomadic tribes from Central Asia. They were united under Genghis Khan, who conquered vast territories across Asia and Eastern Europe using advanced horseback tactics and weaponry like bows and arrows. At its peak, the Mongol Empire stretched from Korea to Eastern Europe and was subdivided and ruled by other powerful Mongol leaders, such as Batu Khan who controlled the Golden Horde in Russia, Tamerlane who ruled over Persia and India, and Kublai Khan who established the Yuan Dynasty in China and ruled over large parts of Asia. Though the Mongols brought periods of stability and promoted trade along the Silk Road, their empire declined after the deaths of strong leaders as it was too
Delhi Sultanate
The document summarizes the major dynasties that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in India:
1) The Mamluk or Slave Dynasty was founded by Qutb al-din Aibak after the death of Muhammad Ghori and was the first dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate.
2) The Khilji Dynasty was a Muslim Turkic dynasty founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji as the second dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
3) The Tughlaq Dynasty was founded by Ghiyas Ud Din Tughlaq and ruled from 1320 to 1325, establishing the city of Tughluqabad.
4) The Sayy
MONGOL EMPIRE
The document provides information about the Nomadic Empire, also known as the Mongol Empire, and Genghis Khan, who was instrumental in establishing the empire. It discusses how Genghis Khan unified various nomadic tribes in Mongolia and began a campaign of conquest that expanded the empire across Asia and into Eastern Europe. By the time of his death in 1227, Genghis Khan had established the largest contiguous land empire in history that spanned from the Sea of Japan to the Caspian Sea. The empire had a significant impact by encouraging trade, spreading innovations, and establishing religious tolerance across Eurasia.
Abbasid caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate was a large Islamic empire centered in Baghdad from 750 CE to 1258 CE. It stretched from Central Asia to North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The dominant religion was Islam, though other faiths were tolerated. During its peak from 786-861 CE, the empire experienced great cultural and economic heights. It eventually declined due to internal conflicts and was finally destroyed by the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 CE.
Ancient china
Peking Man, dating from 750,000-500,000 BCE, was an early human ancestor found in China. Agriculture developed along China's Yellow River around 3000-2000 BCE, marking the beginning of China's Neolithic period. Early Chinese civilization emerged from four ancient river valley cultures, with myths developing around divine figures like Pan-Gu and the Yellow Emperor, who was associated with important early inventions. Formalized writing developed during the Shang Dynasty from 1523-1028 BCE, as evidenced by oracle bones used for divination. The Zhou Dynasty then ruled from 1027-771 BCE in the Western Zhou and 771-256 BCE in the Eastern Zhou, leaving behind ritual bronzes, jade carvings,
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This document outlines a history lesson about the Age of Exploration and Discovery in the 15th century. It discusses why Europeans wanted new sea routes, what made long voyages possible, and new technologies like caravels, compasses, and other navigation aids. The homework assignments are to summarize why people explored new sea routes, explain what enabled voyages of exploration, and describe features of caravels and navigation instruments from this era.
Tiffany Aztec Culture
The Aztecs lived on an island in central Mexico, where they developed a sophisticated civilization. They had a complex religious system centered around major gods like Huitzilopochtli and advanced knowledge of agriculture, architecture, mathematics, and astronomy. The Aztec empire grew powerful through conquest and tribute from conquered cities, though this later led to resentment from their own people. Gender roles divided labor, with men focused on education, warfare, and ruling while women managed households.
HDR Intro
The document discusses high dynamic range (HDR) digital photography, including taking multiple exposures at different levels and combining them into a single HDR image using software to capture highlight and shadow details that the camera cannot otherwise see. It outlines the general HDR process of taking 3-7 exposures with different exposures in manual mode, loading them into HDR software to combine into a HDR image, and then post-processing the image for tones and saturation.
Global commerce ppt
The document provides an overview of global commerce between 1450-1750, focusing on European and Asian trade, the silver trade, the Atlantic slave trade, and their impacts. It describes how Europeans initially sought to gain access to Asian spices and goods, leading Portugal to establish coastal fortresses and control half the spice trade. The Dutch and British later set up trading companies and monopolized cloves, nutmeg, and the Indian cotton and spice trades. The discovery of silver in the Americas linked Asia, Europe, and the Americas in a global trade network centered on China. Between 12-14 million Africans were captured and sold into the Atlantic slave trade to work plantations in the Americas, profoundly impacting societies on both sides of the Atlantic
Shape and form
This document defines and provides examples of shapes and forms. Shapes are two-dimensional areas defined by outlines or boundaries that can be geometric like circles, squares and triangles or organic and free-form. Forms are three-dimensional objects or those that create the illusion of depth, and include basic forms like spheres, cubes, cones, pyramids and cylinders. Geometric shapes use mathematical equations while organic shapes are irregular, uneven and often inspired by nature.
Strayer notes ch 10 2012
The document summarizes key aspects of Eastern and Western Christendom between 500-1300 CE. It discusses how the Byzantine Empire built upon Roman traditions while diverging in religion and governance. Eastern Orthodoxy differed from Catholicism in allowing marriage of clergy and recognizing the authority of the patriarch of Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire engaged in trade and spread its culture, influencing Kievan Rus. Western Europe fragmented after the fall of Rome, adopting feudalism and experiencing economic and population changes between 1000-1300 CE. The Crusades had cultural and political impacts on Europe and the Near East. Borrowing of knowledge from other civilizations supported advances in Western Europe.
Middle East, Part 1
The document summarizes the formation of the modern Middle East from the end of World War 1 through the Cold War period. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War 1 and the Middle East was divided and placed under British and French control. This led to nationalist unrest as boundaries were drawn without consideration for ethnic groups. Oil discoveries further complicated matters and foreign powers vied for influence. The establishment of Israel in 1948 triggered regional conflicts and tensions that continue today as the Middle East was shaped by superpower politics throughout the Cold War.
Chapter 10 strayer notes
The document contains questions about the Byzantine Empire and medieval Europe between 500-1500 CE. It asks about the characteristics of western Europe after the fall of Rome, how the Byzantine Empire preserved elements of Rome, and the political authority and decline of the Byzantine Empire. It also asks about the relationship between church and state in Byzantium, the divisions in Christianity, and the influence of Byzantium on Rus. Other questions cover the development of feudalism, the role of the church in western Europe, changes after 1000 CE, the growth of towns and cities, opportunities for women, and the causes and impacts of the Crusades.
Chapter 6 - World History
The document provides an overview of the history of Rome and the rise of Christianity. It discusses how Rome was founded and evolved into a republic. It then describes the transition to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus. The document also outlines the key teachings of Jesus and how Christianity spread despite early persecution. It concludes by examining the economic, military, and political factors that contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
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The document provides an overview of three sections from a chapter on Roman civilization:
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2. The Fall of Rome - Weakened by invaders, plagues and economic troubles, the Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century AD, while the Eastern Empire continued.
3. The Byzantine Empire - After the fall of Rome, the Eastern Empire flourished as the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople.
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Chapter 12 Ways of the World, Worlds of 15th century
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The document provides an overview of political, economic, and social developments in Africa and India between 1750 and 1870. In Africa, new states like the Zulu Kingdom and Sokoto Caliphate emerged, while Egypt and Ethiopia modernized under Muhammad Ali and local kings. European powers colonized parts of Africa, and the slave trade declined as legitimate commerce in goods like palm oil expanded. In India, the British East India Company gained control of territories and the British Raj was established after the Sepoy Rebellion. The Raj aimed to introduce reforms while respecting traditions, leading to inconsistencies in policy. Indian nationalism emerged in response to British rule.
Chapter 24 ppt
The document discusses changes and exchanges in Africa between 1750-1870, including the establishment of new states in Africa, Muslim reform movements in West Africa that led to new states like the Sokoto Caliphate, modernization efforts in Egypt under Muhammad Ali, European exploration of Africa's rivers, abolition of the slave trade, growth of legitimate trade, expansion of palm oil exports, development of secondary empires based on the ivory and slave trades, and British rule over India through the East India Company.
AP WH Chap 02 Early Civilizations
The document outlines content to be covered for an upcoming exam, including short answer questions on Chapter 1, a reading quiz on Hammurabi, and a Middle East map quiz. It also provides an overview of the key sections and topics to be covered in Chapter 2, including the early civilizations that developed in China, Nubia, and the Americas between 2200-250 BCE. The chapter sections will cover the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China, the Kush and Meroe Kingdoms in Nubia, and the Olmec and Chavin civilizations in Mesoamerica. Philosophies like Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, and theories of yin and yang
AP WH Chap 01 First Civilizations
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had advanced urban planning with gridded streets and drainage systems. Though the writing is undeciphered, the culture was advanced with standardized construction. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE due to ecological changes like rivers drying up, causing the urban centers to collapse and transforming the region.
Owl Creation Story
The story is about how owls gained their wisdom from the Everything-Maker. Owl kept pestering the Everything-Maker to give him special features like other animals, but the maker warned him to wait his turn. When Rabbit asked for claws and fangs, Owl rudely told him to ask for wisdom instead. Angry at Owl's interruptions, the maker gave Owl large eyes and ears and a short neck to contain his newfound wisdom. Owl flew away, and Rabbit fled too, afraid of the maker's wrath. Now owls only come out at night so as not to disturb the sleeping maker.
Suleiman the magnificent
Suleiman the Magnificent ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566, during which time the empire reached its maximum territorial extent. He conquered Hungary, defeated the Habsburg Emperor Charles V, took Baghdad, and promoted a legal system and culture. However, he had his closest friend and advisor Ibrahim executed, and ensured his legacy by having all his sons other than the successor killed.
Byzantine Empire jeopardy
1. The document provides information about the Byzantine Empire, including its origins as the Eastern Roman Empire established by Constantine in Constantinople in 330 CE.
2. It discusses important figures like Constantine, Justinian, and Theodora and events like the Great Schism of 1054 that divided the Catholic Western Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
3. The document also covers aspects of Byzantine culture like the Greek language, architecture styles like domes and arches, and religious art like mosaics, as well as the reasons for the eventual fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
Byzantine empire
Constantinople served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire from 330 CE until the city's fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE. Under Emperor Constantine, the city replaced Rome as the capital of the Roman Empire and thrived as a center of political, economic, and cultural power under later emperors like Justinian. Justinian reconquered much of the former Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest extent during his rule. However, the Byzantine Empire eventually declined due to internal struggles between social classes and external threats from the Ottoman Turks, culminating in the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 CE.
Chapter 26 ppt - Balance of Power
The document discusses the rise of new technologies and their impact on the global economy between 1850-1900. Key developments included the expansion of railroads and steamships improving global trade and connectivity. New industrial technologies like steel, chemicals, and electricity transformed economies. Germany emerged as a leader in chemical industries. Japan underwent rapid modernization after 1868, becoming an imperial power that defeated China and Russia.
AP World History Chapter 03
This chapter discusses the Mediterranean and Middle East from 2000-500 BCE. Key events include the rise and fall of civilizations like the Minoans, Mycenaeans, and Assyrians. The Assyrians built a large empire through conquest but eventually overextended themselves, leading to their downfall. Israel was divided into northern and southern kingdoms and both were later invaded by foreign powers. Phoenicia expanded trade throughout the Mediterranean and established colonies like Carthage. The chapter covers politics, culture, trade, and the interactions between these societies in the ancient Middle East and Aegean regions.
Chapter 02 short
The document outlines key topics and sections to be covered for a history chapter exam, including:
- A short answer assignment on Chapter 1 and a reading quiz on Hammurabi
- A map quiz on the Middle East
- A vocabulary quiz on Chapter 2
It then provides details on early civilizations in China, Nubia, and the Americas between 2200-250 BCE, covering the Shang dynasty, Zhou dynasty, philosophies of Confucianism and Daoism in China, the Kush and Meroe kingdoms in Nubia, and the Olmec and Chavin civilizations in Mesoamerica.
Chapter 01 Short
Unit 1 covers the origins of civilization from 8000-1500 BCE. It discusses the Stone Age and Agricultural Revolution that led to more settled communities. Mesopotamia was an early civilization that grew along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, developing cities, kings, trade networks, and advanced technologies like writing. Egyptian civilization also arose along the Nile River, with powerful pharaohs regarded as divine kings. Egyptians developed monumental architecture like pyramids, a bureaucracy to manage resources and taxes, and advanced knowledge in many fields like mathematics and astronomy.
AP WH Chapter 17
1. The document discusses the diversity of colonial societies in North and South America between 1530 and 1770, including differences in their economies, systems of government, and treatment of indigenous populations.
2. Major economies included silver mining in Spanish colonies, sugar plantations in Brazil, and tobacco farming in the Chesapeake region.
3. While Spain and Portugal established hierarchical societies and systems of forced labor, English colonies embraced representative assemblies and relied increasingly on slavery as indentured servancy declined.
AP WH Chapter 16
This document provides an overview of transformations in Europe between 1500-1750 CE. It discusses the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther challenging the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. It also describes the Scientific Revolution led by figures like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton that undermined traditional earth-centered models of the universe. Finally, it summarizes the growth of new social and economic trends like the rise of the bourgeoisie and use of coal instead of wood due to shortages.
AP WH Chap 13
Between 1200-1500 CE, tropical Africa and Asia experienced significant social, economic, and political changes. The spread of Islam and increased Indian Ocean trade connected diverse regions and introduced new ideas, technologies, and crops. Major Islamic empires like Mali and the Delhi Sultanate rose as traders established port cities along the East African coast and Southeast Asia. However, these societies also saw rising inequality and slavery as elite urban classes benefited more from trade than ordinary people.
Chap 12: Mongols in Eurasia
Mongol conquest of Asia and Eastern Europe by Genghis and Khan Kublai Khan. Also additional information on Mongolia, Russia, the Yuan & Ming Empire, Vietnam, Korea and Japan.
AP WH Chapter 11 ppt
- Teotihuacán was a large Mesoamerican city that dominated the region from around 450-600 CE with a population of over 125,000 people. It was ruled by alliances of wealthy families rather than kings and had a stratified social structure.
- The Maya civilization occupied southern Mexico and Central America but never formed a unified political state. Individual Maya kingdoms competed for dominance while developing advanced agricultural, astronomical, and mathematical knowledge. Most Maya cities were abandoned between 800-900 CE possibly due to environmental or disease factors.
- The Aztecs rose to power in central Mexico in the 14th century, establishing the cities of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco. Through conquest
Chapter 07 ppt
Trade Networks and Communication of the Silk Road, Indian Ocean Maritime System, Sahara Africa & Sub-Sahara Africa
AP WH Chapter 06 Ppt
The document provides background information on India and Southeast Asia between 1500 BCE and 1025 CE. It describes the geography, crops, and early civilizations of India, including the development of Hinduism. In Southeast Asia, it outlines the formation of early states like Funan and the maritime Srivijayan Kingdom, which dominated regional trade routes until its decline in the 11th century.
AP WH Chapter 02 PPT
The document summarizes the development of early civilizations in China, Nubia, and the Americas between 2200-250 BCE. In China, the Shang Dynasty ruled from 1750-1027 BCE in the Yellow River Valley and established oracle bone writing. The Zhou Dynasty then overthrew the Shang and split into the Western and Eastern Zhou periods. Philosophies like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism emerged. In Nubia, the Kingdom of Kush developed south of Egypt and the Kingdom of Meroë later ruled as far north as Egypt. The Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica built cities along the Gulf coast and established complex architecture, calendars, and sculpture. In
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- 1. Mongol Eurasia and The Rise of the Its Aftermath Mongols 1200-1500 C.E. 1200-1260 C.E. Nomadism in Mongol Groups Central and Inner Asia • Nomadic groups depended on scarce • Strongly hierarchical organization water and pasture resources. headed by a single leader or khan. • There were many conflicts in times of • Khans had to ask that their decisions scarcity. be ratified by a council of leaders. – Many alliances formed and much • Powerful Mongol groups demanded migration at this time because of conflict. and received tribute in goods and slaves from those less powerful.